Classical Greek / Levels 9 and 10 / Understanding / Systems of language
Content description
Understand concepts of accidence and syntax used in complex sentences in Classical Greek, including subordinate clauses, pronoun forms, mood, voice, and conventions of complex sentence structure
Elaborations
using the indefinite adjective τις with nouns to supply the meaning of the indefinite article in English, for example, κακόντι πάσχει, νῆσόντινα
conjugating -ω verbs in perfect and pluperfect tenses, active and middle, indicative, imperative and infinitive forms, for example, εἴρηκα/εἴρημαι, ἑόρακα/ἑώραμαι
conjugating -ω verbs in the passive voice in all applicable tenses including first and second aorist and future, for example, ἐλύθην/λυθήσομαι, ἐφάνην/φανήσομαι
conjugating contract verbs in all tenses and voices, including verbs in –οω, for example, δηλῶ, ἐλευθερῶ
conjugating -μι verbs, including δίδωμι, τίθημι, ἵστημι, ἵημι, δείκνυμι, φημί
conjugating common irregular verbs, for example, oἶδα, ἒοικα
forming the comparative and superlative degrees of common irregular adjectives, for example:
identifying the use of participles with the genitive absolute and the accusative absolute, for example, ἡμέρας γενομένης, ἔδοξεν ταῖςκόραις πρὸςτὸνκρήνην βαίνειν and δέοντὴν πόλινἀμύνεσθαι, οἱἄνδρεςτὰ ὅπλα ἔφερον
recognising the forms and uses of the subjunctive mood, for example, ταχέωςἵωμεν (exhortation), τί ποιῶμεν; (deliberation), μὴδέξησθετὰδῶρα (prohibition), οἱστρατιῶται φεύγουσινἵνα μὴ ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνληφθῶσιν (purpose clause), φοβοῦμαι μὴ ὁ δεσπότης οὐκἐθέλῃ παῦσαι τὸν πόνον (clause of fearing)
recognising the forms and uses of the optative mood, for example, εἴθετὴν πατρίδα σῴζοιμεν (wish), βουλοίμεθα ἄντοῦἀοιδοῦἀκούειν (potential optative)
understanding the structure and use of indirect statements with ὅτι, the infinitive or the participle, for example, ὁ ἄγγελοςεἶπεν ὅτιοἱ πολέμιοιἤδη προσχωροῦσιν/ὁ πάτηρἔφηἀνάγκηνεἶναι οἴκαδε ἐπανιέναι/οἱ παῖδεςεἶδονλύκονμέγαν πρὸςτὴνοἰκίαν προσιόντα
understanding the structure and use of conditional clauses, for example, ἐὰντῷδημαγωγῷ πιστεύῃς, μῶροςεἶ/ἐὰντὸνδοῦλον καλέσῃς, βραδέωςἀφίξεται/εἰ ὁ παῖςτοῦτο ἐποίησεν, ἐδέξατο ἄντον ἔπαινον
understanding the structure and use of indefinite clauses, for example, ὅστιςἄνἔξωτῶντῆς πόλεωςὁρῶνεὑρεθῇ, ἐνκινδύνῳμεγάλῳἔσται/ἐπειδὰν γένηται ἡ πανήγυρις, πάντεςοἱἈθηναῖοι εἰςτὴνἀγορὰν σπεύδουσιν
identifying the articular infinitive, for example, ἀγαθὸς εἰςτὸλέγειντε καὶ πράττειν
identifying the verbal adjective in –τέος, for example, οὐλεκτέοιεἰσὶνοἱλόγοι
identifying verbs that take supplementary participles, for example, ἔτυχον παροῦσαι αἱ γυναῖκες/οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐφαίνοντο οὐ βουλόμενοιἀγορεύειν
understanding the sequence of tenses and moods in complex sentences (primary and secondary sequences), for example, λέγειὅτιεἰ ὁ ἀνὴρτοῦτοεἶπεν, ἐψεύδετο/εἶπεν ὅτιεἰ ὁ ἀνὴρτοῦτοεἴποι, ψεύδοιτοἄν
recognising creative variations in Classical Greek word order to focus on action, or to create suspense by delaying a key word, phrase or clause
elaborating strategies for building on prior knowledge and learning new grammar, for example, mnemonic devices, paradigms, drill exercises, online learning tools
