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• VCSSU092

  Cells are the basic units of living things and have specialised structures and functions

  Elaborations

  • examining a variety of cells using a light microscope, by digital technology or by viewing a simulation
  • distinguishing plant cells from animal and fungal cells
  • identifying structures within cells and describing their function
  • recognising that some organisms consist of a single cell

  VCSSU092 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCSSU094

  Multicellular organisms contain systems of organs that carry out specialised functions that enable them to survive and reproduce

  Elaborations

  • examining the specialised cells and tissues involved in structure and function of particular organs
  • describing the structure of each organ in a system and relating its function to the overall function of the system
  • identifying the organs and overall function of a system of a multicellular organism in supporting life processes
  • comparing reproductive systems of organisms
  • comparing similar systems in different organisms, for example, digestive systems in herbivores and carnivores, respiratory systems in fish and mammals

  VCSSU094 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCSSU093

  Interactions between organisms can be described in terms of food chains and food webs and can be affected by human activity

  Elaborations

  • constructing and interpreting food chains and food webs to show relationships between organisms in an environment
  • recognising the role of microorganisms within food chains and food webs
  • researching examples of human impacts on specific ecosystems, for example, the use of fire by traditional Aboriginal people, the effects of palm oil harvesting, deforestation, agricultural practices or the introduction of new species

  VCSSU093 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCSSU099

  Predictable phenomena on Earth, including seasons and eclipses, are caused by the relative positions of the Sun, Earth and the Moon

  Elaborations

  • comparing times for the rotation of Earth, Sun and Moon, and comparing the times for the orbits of Earth and the Moon
  • modelling the relative movements of the Earth, Sun and Moon and how natural phenomena such as solar and lunar eclipses and phases of the Moon occur
  • explaining why different regions of Earth experience different seasonal conditions

  VCSSU099 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCSSU102

  Sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks contain minerals and are formed by processes that occur within Earth over a variety of timescales

  Elaborations

  • recognising that rocks are a collection of different minerals
  • considering the role of forces and energy in the formation of different types of rocks and minerals
  • identifying a range of common rock types using keys based on observable physical and chemical properties

  VCSSU102 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCSSU098

  Chemical change involves substances reacting to form new substances

  Elaborations

  • identifying the differences between chemical and physical changes
  • identifying evidence that a chemical change has taken place
  • investigating simple reactions, for example, combining elements to make a compound

  VCSSU098 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Chemical sciences

• VCSSU103

  Change to an object’s motion is caused by unbalanced forces acting on the object; Earth’s gravity pulls objects towards the centre of Earth

  Elaborations

  • investigating the effects of applying different forces to familiar objects
  • investigating common situations where forces are balanced and unbalanced, for example, stationary and falling objects
  • investigating a simple machine such as a lever or a pulley system
  • exploring how gravity affects objects on the surface of Earth

  VCSSU103 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCSIS110

  Construct and use a range of representations including graphs, keys and models to record and summarise data from students’ own investigations and secondary sources, and to represent and analyse patterns and relationships

  Elaborations

  • understanding different types of diagrammatic, graphical and physical representations and considering their strengths and limitations
  • comparing and contrasting data from a number of sources in order to create a summary of collected data
  • using diagrammatic representations to convey abstract ideas and to simplify complex situations

  VCSIS110 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Inquiry Skills | Recording and processing

• VCSSU095

  Mixtures, including solutions, contain a combination of pure substances that can be separated using a range of techniques

  Elaborations

  • recognising the differences between pure substances and mixtures and identifying examples of each
  • identifying the solvent and solute in solutions
  • investigating and using a range of physical separation techniques such as filtration, decantation, evaporation, crystallisation, chromatography and distillation
  • exploring and comparing separation methods used in the home

  VCSSU095 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Chemical sciences