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• VCLVU168

  Recognise that languages change over time

  Elaborations

  • identifying words that are the same as or similar to neighbouring languages
  • understanding ways in which languages influence one another, for example, language shifts, shared writing systems, loan words
  • discussing loan words that have been incorporated from other languages to describe new concepts, for example, words for new things, including technological innovations
  • understanding that language and culture together continually change as a result of contact with other languages and cultures

  VCLVU168 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCRAU047

  Understand how to use prepositions, and continue to expand knowledge of verbs and vocabulary

  Elaborations

  • referring to people and things using pronouns and concrete nouns, such as those related to food and drink and indicating possession
  • describing locations
  • describing actions using verbs
  • knowing how to direct others using imperatives and invite others using polite forms
  • seeking information and explanation using question words
  • describing character and qualities using adjectives
  • indicating location in time and place
  • describing frequency using adverbs
  • creating cohesion using conjunctions
  • expressing reactions with exclamations
  • comparing and evaluating using comparatives and superlatives

  VCRAU047 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCFRU054

  Reflect on how ways of using language are shaped by communities’ ways of thinking and behaving and may be differently interpreted by others

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on how different languages and cultures represented in the classroom influence ways of talking about and relating to social and physical environments, for example, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander traditions in relation to place, language and culture
  • identifying elements of Australian-English vocabulary, expressions and behaviours, discussing how they might be explained to people from different language backgrounds, for example, ‘the bush’, ‘fair go’, ‘she’ll be right’
  • comparing responses and reactions to the experience of learning the French language and culture, examining whether initial attitudes or understandings have changed

  VCFRU054 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCIDC042

  Translate texts from Indonesian to English and vice versa, selecting from possible choices to create appropriate meaning

  Elaborations

  • comparing translations of written texts from English into Indonesian and from Indonesian into English, such as advertisements, websites, food packaging and menus, and considering how meanings may be interpreted from a different cultural perspective
  • suggesting ways to modify some terms and expressions that do not translate directly and considering how this may affect text length, style and word choices
  • interpreting meanings in Indonesian texts by ‘reading’ the context, for example, the phrase Ayo cepat! may be encouraging or scolding depending on who uses it and why

  VCIDC042 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCRAC042

  Translate texts from the language to English and vice versa, selecting from possible choices to create appropriate meanings

  Elaborations

  • comparing translations of written texts from English into the language and from the language into English, such as advertisements, websites, food packaging and menus, and considering how meanings may be interpreted from a different cultural perspective
  • suggesting ways to modify some terms and expressions that do not translate directly and considering how this may affect text length, style and word choices
  • interpreting meanings in texts by ‘reading’ the context

  VCRAC042 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCHIU053

  Reflect on their own use of Hindi, English and other languages or dialects for different social purposes, and recognise that they sometimes mix and switch between languages

  Elaborations

  • creating individual language profiles, explaining which languages or dialects they use in their family, social and community lives
  • recognising that language use among bilingual/multilingual speakers varies according to ethnicity, age, profession or social status and to the context of use
  • reflecting on the different role of elements such as gestures, body language and the use of space or silence when they are using different languages
  • reflecting on the impact on their lives and on their sense of identity of speaking more than one language
  • reflecting on how they use language differently in interactions across different contexts, and how these differences help to signal social roles and relationships
  • sharing examples of how they sometimes mix and switch between languages when they are speaking to each other

  VCHIU053 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCESU162

  Reflect on own language use at home, at school and in the community, considering how this may be interpreted by young Spanish speakers

  Elaborations

  • describing own/one another’s ways of communicating, identifying aspects that may reflect Australian traditions, values and practices
  • choosing words or expressions commonly used in informal Australian interactions, and deciding how to interpret or explain them to young Spanish speakers, for example, ‘mate’, ‘fair dinkum’
  • noticing similarities and differences between own ways of communicating and aspects observed in interactions between young Spanish speakers in different contexts and situations, for example, the expression of politeness or turn-taking in conversations
  • identifying things they take for granted about communication in familiar cultural contexts, for example, shared understanding of gestures and tones of voice
  • noticing culturally appropriate ways of offering praise, recognition, gratitude or encouragement

  VCESU162 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCIDC035

  Interact with peers to describe aspects of daily life, school, friends and pastimes

  Elaborations

  • giving opinions about aspects of personal world such as likes and dislikes, interests and leisure activities, for example, saya lebih suka bermain futbal daripada sepak bola
  • describing significant people such as family members, friends and teachers, their relationship, physical appearance and characteristics/qualities, for example, Teman saya baik hati dan lucu
  • recounting experiences with family and friends, for example, Saya suka berbelanja dengan teman saya pada hari Sabtu
  • sustaining interactions with others by using strategies such as asking questions, for example, Oh begitu, ya, maaf? Dan kamu?

  VCIDC035 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCHIC047

  Compare their experiences of moving between Hindi and English, considering advantages and challenges involved in using more than one language

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on the experience of being bilingual or multilingual, identifying ways in which they draw upon different language and cultural resources to make meaning
  • identifying benefits of knowing more than one language and considering whether moving between languages affects their sense of identity or ‘belonging’
  • comparing their family cultures, considering how their family and community life shape their sense of identity and how culture is reflected in their daily activities and interests
  • evaluating their ability to communicate across and through different languages and to use their language and cultural skills in Hindi and English to best effect
  • comparing observations about how interacting in Hindi feels different to interacting in English, identifying ways of socialising or communicating that they see to be culture-specific

  VCHIC047 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCRAC038

  Locate, classify and compare factual information from texts about aspects of daily life and significant events across cultures

  Elaborations

  • identifying information in texts such as advertisements, conversations, brochures and announcements, and sharing this information with others in another format, for example, presenting a chart of favourite television programs or computer games
  • reading texts and extracting key points about an issue or topic (such as housing, living in the city or a rural area, types of activities for young people and their daily routines), and discussing information with peers
  • reading, viewing and listening to texts to research information about concepts related to other curriculum areas
  • identifying and comparing perspectives about information in spoken and written texts

  VCRAC038 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Informing

• VCTRU047

  Recognise and apply grammatical features of spoken and written language, such as verbal conjugations and nominal declensions and modifications, negative and interrogative sentence structures and subject–verb agreements

  Elaborations

  • recognising and using verb conjugations for example, ‘oku-mak’: oku-r-um, oku-r-sun, oku-r oku-r-uz, oku-r-sunuz, oku-r-lar; And oku-yor-um, oku-yor-sun, oku-yor, oku-yor-uz, oku-yor-sunuz, oku-yor-lar
  • recognising and using nominal conjugations through adjective- and noun-making suffixes such as (-lı, -li, -lu, -lü) as in kar-lı, kir-li, toz-lu..; (-lik, -lık, -luk, -lük) as in yaz-lık, göz-lük…; (-cı, -ci, -cu, -cü/-çı, -çi, -çu, -çü) as in gemi-ci, kira-cı, su-cu, çiçek-çi..; (-gı, -gi, -gu, -gü) as in sar-gı, sil-gi,..; (-sız, -siz, -suz, -süz) as in ev-siz…
  • applying the rule of great vowel harmony when adding nominal case endings -(e), -(i), -d(e), -d(e)n to different nouns, such as ev-e, ev-i, ev-de, ev-den, ev-in
  • learning the correct written form of suffixes, for example, instead of using spoken/colloquial predicates such as gelcem or alcan, using the written form, geleceğim and alacaksın; instead of using geliyom, using the correct spelling geliyorum
  • using the conditional marker -s(e) and/or the word eğer in compound sentences, for example, (Eğer) yağmur yağarsa geziye gitmeyeceğiz, comparing this with conditional verb forms in English
  • using interrogative word endings in different tenses and personal prounouns, for example, Geliyor musun? Gelecek misiniz?
  • using the negative marker - m(a), as in Ramazan Bayramı’nda tüm okullar tatile girmeyecek, and the adverb for negation -değil to negate any sentences without a verb, and using appropriate suffixes as in değil-im, değil-sin – Ramazan Bayramı’nda tüm okullar tatile girmeyecek değil mi?
  • using appropriate endings for subject–verb agreements in simple and compound sentences
  • recognising different types of formal and informal honorific forms such as Efendi, Sayın, Bey/Hanım, Amca,Teyze
  • using conjunctions and comparatives to evaluate and express opinion, for example, -a göre, sence, hiç/çok uzun değil
  • recognising and using compound and some complex sentences
  • learning basıc metaphors, similes such as aslan gibi and common idiomatic expressions and proverbs, for example, Damlaya damlaya göl olur, ateş pahası, nazar değmesin
  • building metalanguage to talk about grammar, using terms such as bağlaçlar, Özne ile yüklem uyumu, -de/-da ekler, ilgi zamiri –ki, edatlar

  VCTRU047 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCARC147

  Reflect on how own biography, including family origins, traditions and beliefs, impacts on identity and communication

  Elaborations

  • discussing how their Arabic cultural heritage influences who they are, how they think about things and how they interact and behave in different contexts
  • identifying aspects of personal identity such as age, gender and social status that are important when interacting in Arabic-speaking contexts and may be understood differently in Australian cultural contexts
  • identifying key influences on their sense of identity, such as their family origins, traditions, beliefs and significant events, for example,

    مكان الولادة؛ التربية العائلية؛ عدد أفراد العائلة؛ العادات والتقاليد التي تربى عليها؛ خبرات الطفولة في المدرسة والبيت؛ تأثير الأصدقاء؛ المفاهيم الإجتماعية السائدة؛ المفردات التي تستخدم في البيت؛ في الشارع وفي المدرسة

  • exploring how they communicate with one another, their teachers and families, noticing if there are any changes in the way they see themselves in different contexts, for example, a family celebration, a school concert, or the birthday party of a non-Arabic-speaking friend

  VCARC147 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCDEC139

  Use simple questions, statements and responses to participate in and support classroom interactions and learning activities, and to indicate understanding and monitor own learning

  Elaborations

  • politely asking peers to do something and responding to requests, for example, giving and receiving things (Gib mir itte den Stift! bitte schön; danke schön)
  • discussing and creating shared class rules and procedures, for example, Dürfen wir auf dem Boden sitzen? Wir müssen immer aufpassen.
  • checking on progress during learning tasks or activities, using comments and questions such as Kein Problem! Das schaffen wir. Was machst du jetzt? Verstehst du das?
  • sharing ideas about the experience of learning and using German, and comparing what they can and cannot do, for example, Ich kann gut sprechen, aber ich finde das Lesen und Schreiben schwierig.

  VCDEC139 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCELC139

  Interact in class activities, using questions, statements and responses to enhance, demonstrate and share understanding

  Elaborations

  • collaborating with peers during individual or group activities, for example, Κοίτα, Άκου, Κάνε το έτσι, Πες το, Τι κάνεις τώρα;
  • checking on progress during learning tasks or activities, using comments and questions such as Κατάλαβες; Εντάξει, Πώς πας; Τελείωσες; Το ξέρω, Το έκανα, εύκολο
  • asking peers politely to do something and responding to requests, for example, giving and receiving things, Ένα μολύβι παρακαλώ, Ορίστε. Ευχαριστώ πολύ. Παρακαλώ. Θα ήθελα ... Μου δίνεις;
  • reflecting on the experience of learning and using Greek, comparing what they can and cannot do, for example, Ξέρω να γράφω, να μιλώ, να μετρώ μέχρι τα 100

  VCELC139 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCHIU054

  Reflect on how communities’ ways of using languages are shaped by values and belief systems, and how these may be differently interpreted by speakers of other languages

  Elaborations

  • understanding that people ‘read’ intercultural communication in different ways depending on their own cultural perspectives, and recognising the validity of different perspectives and questioning notions of ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ ideas
  • noticing ways in which the Hindi language reflects values and traditions of Indian communities, for example, understanding concepts such as सत्संग, घूँघट
  • reflecting on how different languages and cultures represented in the classroom influence ways of talking or acting in social, physical and temporal environments, for example, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander relationships with place, language and culture; the concept of non-linear time expressed in Hindi कल, परसों, the concepts of अहिंसा and कर्म
  • identifying Australian values and traditions such as informality, mateship and loyalty that resonate in particular words, expressions or behaviours that may be misunderstood by others, for example, ‘bring a plate’, ‘fair dinkum’, ‘mate’

  VCHIU054 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCELC147

  Share experiences of learning and using Greek, in person or online, and reflect on the effect of language learning on own identity

  Elaborations

  • preparing a class profile to exchange with students in Greece or Cyprus online, showing language backgrounds and interests represented in the class, using captions and symbols such as flags and words from different languages
  • exploring the idea of stereotypes associated with languages and identities, and discussing how stereotypes affect attitudes and communication and can be inaccurate
  • exploring how their linguistic and cultural background, for example, languages spoken, key relationships and intercultural experiences, influence their sense of who they are
  • connecting various personal experiences of learning Modern Greek, and describing how learning Greek has influenced own everyday behaviour and language use, for example, using Greek outside the language classroom, playing Greek games, or having lunch at a Greek restaurant and being able to read some of the menu
  • considering whether learning and using Greek impacts on their sense of identity either in or out of the classroom

  VCELC147 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCFRC047

  Reflect on aspects of own identity and language use, for example, by creating personal or group profiles or portfolios

  Elaborations

  • creating a self-profile, using captioned photos, slide presentations, posters or concept maps to highlight key characteristics, relationships and ways of using language
  • preparing a class profile to exchange with French-speaking students, showing language backgrounds, interests and personalities represented in the class, and using captions and symbols such as flags, emoticons, and words from different languages
  • exploring the idea of stereotypes associated with languages and identities, discussing how groups of people tend to think about themselves and others, and how stereotypes affect attitudes and communication and can be inaccurate
  • comparing own ways of using language with those of peers, considering how family and community shape identity and communication, for example, using more than one language, celebrating or expressing feelings in various ways
  • considering whether learning and using French impacts on identity either in or out of the classroom

  VCFRC047 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCHIC046

  Discuss the effects of switching between languages, noticing when they choose to use either Hindi or English and how each language and associated cultures influences their ways of communicating

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on the experience of moving between Hindi- and English-speaking contexts, comparing instances that have resulted in difficulties, surprises or amusement due to differences in cultural expectations
  • comparing gestures and other forms of non-verbal behaviour used when communicating in Hindi, English and other languages
  • reflecting on situations when they use both Hindi and English, discussing why they do this, for example, when talking about sport, food or music or when using social media
  • identifying adjustments they make when moving between languages, for example, to ways of addressing people or expressing affection or respect, discussing why these adjustments are necessary and whether they are easy to make
  • developing metalanguage for explaining the relationship between languages and cultures and for describing intercultural communication in different contexts, for example, discussing the need to apply distinctions such as तू जा, तुम जाओ, आप जाइए, आप जाइएगा or using forms of language to show respect or status

  VCHIC046 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCJAC150

  Listen to, read and view different imaginative texts such as anime, folk stories and manga, describe and give opinions about characters and events, and identify cultural elements

  Elaborations

  • discussing key messages in print, digital or multimodal texts, such as the moral of a folk story, ideas or values expressed in songs or characterisation in anime, and comparing their treatment across cultural contexts and time
  • recalling and/or illustrating main characters and events in stories, songs or anime, for example, by responding to questions such as だれ、いつ、どこ
  • responding to simple spoken, written or digital narratives such as folk tales, anime, manga or films that evoke positive or negative emotions such as happiness, amusement or affection, fear or anger, connecting these with their own experiences by using stem statements such as わくわく　します。だいすき　です 。こわい　です。どきどき　します。びっくり　しました。へん　です　ね 。

  VCJAC150 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VCNRC045

  Share experiences of learning and using the language being studied, and reflect on the effect of language learning on own identity

  Elaborations

  • preparing a class profile to exchange with students who speak the language being studied, showing language backgrounds and interests represented in the class, using captions and symbols such as flags and words from different languages
  • exploring the idea of stereotypes associated with languages and identities, and discussing how stereotypes affect attitudes and communication and can be inaccurate
  • exploring how their linguistic and cultural background, for example, languages spoken, key relationships and intercultural experiences, influence their sense of who they are
  • connecting various personal experiences of learning the language, and describing how learning the language has influenced own everyday behaviour and language use, for example, using the language outside the language classroom
  • considering whether learning and using the language impacts on their sense of identity either in or out of the classroom

  VCNRC045 | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting