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• VCIDC042

  Translate texts from Indonesian to English and vice versa, selecting from possible choices to create appropriate meaning

  Elaborations

  • comparing translations of written texts from English into Indonesian and from Indonesian into English, such as advertisements, websites, food packaging and menus, and considering how meanings may be interpreted from a different cultural perspective
  • suggesting ways to modify some terms and expressions that do not translate directly and considering how this may affect text length, style and word choices
  • interpreting meanings in Indonesian texts by ‘reading’ the context, for example, the phrase Ayo cepat! may be encouraging or scolding depending on who uses it and why

  VCIDC042 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCIDC038

  Locate, classify and compare factual information from texts about aspects of daily life and significant events across cultures

  Elaborations

  • identifying information in texts such as advertisements, conversations, brochures and announcements, and sharing this information with others in another format, for example, presenting a chart of favourite television programs or computer games
  • reading texts and extracting key points about an issue or topic (such as housing, living in the city or a rural area, types of activities for young people and their daily routines), and discussing information with peers, Anak itu tinggal di kampung…
  • reading, viewing and listening to texts to research information about concepts related to other learning areas such as the Arts, Humanities and Science
  • identifying and comparing perspectives about information in spoken and written texts , for example, Apakah informasi ini benar?, Informasi ini dari mana?, Siapa yang menulis teks ini?, Berapa orang setuju?

  VCIDC038 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Informing

• VCIDC044

  Engage in intercultural experiences, describing aspects that are unfamiliar or uncomfortable and discussing own reactions and adjustments

  Elaborations

  • comparing the impact of gestures across cultures (for example, beckoning by pointing with index finger or with palm down, touching top of head, or laughing loudly) and noticing own comfort with these
  • describing ways of showing politeness, for example, giving an answer that may be incorrect as a way of saving face, or using body language such as smiling often
  • recognising and exploring aspects of own language use that reflect own cultural perspective and experiences, for example, references to climate and environment, animals, activities and routines such as chores; celebrations and events such as school camp, Easter and Anzac Day; and expressions such as ‘g’day’, ‘howzat’ and ‘morning tea’
  • noticing the impact of own assumptions about Indonesian people and culture when engaging with texts (such as being surprised if dogs are kept as pets, or assuming that all Indonesians live a subsistence lifestyle), and considering what assumptions Indonesians might hold about Australian people and culture

  VCIDC044 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCIDC035

  Interact with peers to describe aspects of daily life, school, friends and pastimes

  Elaborations

  • giving opinions about aspects of personal world such as likes and dislikes, interests and leisure activities, for example, saya lebih suka bermain futbal daripada sepak bola
  • describing significant people such as family members, friends and teachers, their relationship, physical appearance and characteristics/qualities, for example, Teman saya baik hati dan lucu
  • recounting experiences with family and friends, for example, Saya suka berbelanja dengan teman saya pada hari Sabtu
  • sustaining interactions with others by using strategies such as asking questions, for example, Oh begitu, ya, maaf? Dan kamu?

  VCIDC035 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCIDU047

  Understand how to express actions and events in time and place using prepositions, and continue to expand knowledge of ber- verbs and vocabulary

  Elaborations

  • referring to people and things using pronouns (for example, kami, kita, kamu semua paman, bibi, sepupu, ibu tiri) and concrete nouns, such as those related to food and drink (for example, sambal, rendang, es kelapa muda), and indicating possession using -nya, mereka, kami/kita
  • describing locations, for example, kota, restoran, bioskop, warung, pasar
  • referring to relationships between people and things using prepositions, for example, untuk, kepada
  • describing actions using ber- verbs (for example, berselancar, berbicara) and me- verbs, for example, menonton, melihat, menjual, mendengarkan, membeli, memakai
  • knowing how to direct others using imperatives (for example, jangan, dilarang) and invite others using polite forms, for example, -lah, Silahkan
  • seeking information and explanation using question words, for example, Berapa lama? Untuk apa?, Dengan siapa?, Dengan apa?
  • describing character and qualities using adjectives, for example, menarik, bosan, enak, bodoh, pandai, rajin, nakal, mahal, murah, sakit, capai, segar
  • indicating location in time using pada and place using di and atas, dalam, belakang
  • describing frequency using adverbs, for example, selalu, sering, kadang-kadang
  • creating cohesion using conjunctions, for example, lalu, sebelum, sesudah
  • expressing reactions with exclamations, for example, kasihan!, hebat!, asyik!
  • comparing and evaluating using comparatives and superlatives, for example, lebih…daripada, paling…
  • extending subject-focus construction by adding preposition or adverb to subject-verb-object word order, for example, Saya menonton film di bioskop, Pada hari Minggu saya berselancar dengan bapak di pantai

  VCIDU047 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITC039

  Interact to share interests, leisure activities, feelings, opinions and preferences

  Elaborations

  • contributing ideas and opinions in interactions by acknowledging, replying, agreeing/disagreeing and concluding, for example, E tu? È vero. Davvero? Va bene. Non sono d’accordo. Mi dispiace ma non capisco. Allora ci vediamo dopo. Arrivederci, Giorgio, a domani! Ho dimenticato … Sei molto gentile. Penso di sì. Penso di no.
  • asking and responding to questions that elicit personal information about themselves and others, for example, Da dove vieni? Vengo da Melbourne. Sei australiana? No, non sono australiana, sono cinese. Sì, e sono di origine greca. Quanti siete in famiglia? In famiglia siamo in sei. È/non è interessante … Che bello!
  • writing short texts such as emails, letters and text messages to interact with others, for example, to invite, congratulate or thank someone
  • using formal and informal greetings and forms of address when opening and closing conversations and written correspondence, for example, Pronto, chi parla? Ciao mamma. ArrivederLa. Mio caro fratello/Carissima nonna/ Gentile signora. Bacioni/Distinti saluti
  • asking about personal preferences, for example, Quale materia ti piace? Mi piace … /Non mi piace …, È facile/È difficile. Quale sport fai? E tu? Bravissimo! Eccezionale!
  • expressing feelings, such as about a singer or sports figure, for example, È simpatico e bravo, mi piace tanto. Vorrei...Mi piacerebbe …
  • describing a person’s physical state, for example, Ha fame/sete/freddo/caldo; Ho mal di … Sono stanco/sono rilassato
  • expressing preferences, for example, Mi piace il caldo. Mi piace/non mi piace la musica rock/pop/classica …
  • talking about the local environment and expressing opinions, for example, Qui c’è molto verde. A/In … c’è tanto inquinamento
  • providing options and choices, inviting, accepting or refusing, for example, Vuoi venire a …? D’accordo/No, non posso … un’altra volta. Vuoi il CD di … o di …? Che buona idea!

  VCITC039 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCITC042

  Interact in classroom activities and create shared class routines

  Elaborations

  • interacting in small groups in class routines, for example, Come si scrive? Di chi è questo/questa? È mio/mia. È di mio fratello
  • asking to receive things, for example, Per favore, dammi una penna blu. Per piacere, mi porti …? Sì/D’accordo/Non posso
  • asking the time, for example, Che ora è? Sono le … Quanto manca? 10 minuti.
  • asking where an event is taking place, for example, Dove si fa la festa? Dove si trova …? Dov’è …? In Italia/vicino/lontano/ al numero 6
  • participating in a class dis cussion on a theme, activity or experience, for example, La musica di … è più interessante di … Secondo me …

  VCITC042 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCJAC150

  Listen to, read and view different imaginative texts such as anime, folk stories and manga, describe and give opinions about characters and events, and identify cultural elements

  Elaborations

  • discussing key messages in print, digital or multimodal texts, such as the moral of a folk story, ideas or values expressed in songs or characterisation in anime, and comparing their treatment across cultural contexts and time
  • recalling and/or illustrating main characters and events in stories, songs or anime, for example, by responding to questions such as だれ、いつ、どこ
  • responding to simple spoken, written or digital narratives such as folk tales, anime, manga or films that evoke positive or negative emotions such as happiness, amusement or affection, fear or anger, connecting these with their own experiences by using stem statements such as わくわく　します。だいすき　です 。こわい　です。どきどき　します。びっくり　しました。へん　です　ね 。

  VCJAC150 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VCJAC149

  Convey information on specific topics using formats such as oral or digital presentations, displays, diagrams, timelines and guided descriptions

  Elaborations

  • organising and presenting information relating to aspects of Japanese culture, for example, fashion, famous landmarks/icons or festivals, using supporting resources such as sound, visuals or graphics, and providing a structured summary, for example, ふじさん　です。高い　です。そして、ゆうめい　です。かざん　です。or さっぽろ　です。さっぽろ　は　とても　さむい　です。ゆき　が　ふります。ふゆ　に　ゆきまつり　が　あります。
  • creating a profile in digital format of a context, situation or event for a specified audience, such as a virtual tour of the school or classroom for an intending exchange student group or sister school
  • creating a class book or digital display about topics that connect with other curriculum areas and are relevant to their own lives, such as sports, environmental sustainability, transport or health
    

  VCJAC149 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Informing

• VCJAU162

  Make connections between cultural practices and values and language use, such as formulaic expressions, and consider how these affect intercultural communication

  Elaborations

  • noticing ways in which Japanese language and behaviour reflect values and traditions, for example, reluctance to volunteer or compete for attention in class, responding to compliments じょうず　です　ね。いいえ, and prioritising the group rather than the individual
  • understanding that people ‘read’ intercultural experiences in different ways depending on their cultural perspective, recognising the validity of different perspectives and questioning notions of ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ ideas
  • imagining potential challenges for a visiting Japanese student spending time in an Australian classroom, and identifying phrases, expressions and behaviours that may need explaining, and elements of interaction, such as the use of personal space or volume of voice, that may appear inappropriate
  • reflecting on how different languages and cultures represented in the classroom influence ways of communicating about or relating to social and physical environments, for example, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander traditions in relation to place, language and culture
  • identifying and comparing traditional and contemporary cultural images used in Japanese and Australian print and media advertising and tourist brochures, considering when they are used and what message they convey
  • noticing similarities and differences between their own ways of communicating and observed interactions between young Japanese speakers in contexts such as everyday social situations or online forums, for example, responding to offers of food or drink, turn-taking in conversations

  VCJAU162 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCLVC157

  Listen to, read and view different real and imaginative texts, identifying and making simple statements about key elements, characters and events, and interpreting cultural expressions and behaviours

  Elaborations

  • recalling, illustrating and describing main characters and events in stories, songs and performances, for example, by selecting descriptive modelled statements as captions to their pictures or responding to questions, such as, Who? Where? How long? What?
  • participating in shared and guided reading/listening/viewing of real and imaginative texts, for example by making predictions about the development or flow of ideas, using contextual and visual cues, responding to questions and comparing responses to different characters, ideas and events
  • conveying understanding of plot and sequence in texts, for example, by re-creating a sequence using a storyboard, labelling key events or creating a timeline
  • mapping sites, landforms and other features of Country/Place through which a travelling story/storyline passes
  • listening to respected community members tell stories on Country/Place, interpreting hand signs and gestures, retelling parts of the story, for example, in sand, through painting or by performing, using a combination of words/phrases, illustrations, movements and visual props
  • listening to respected community members telling stories from their local area, and responding by retelling parts of the story
  • interacting/engaging with artistic expression/techniques appropriate to Country/Place, such as paintings, drawings, etchings, sculptures and dance, interpreting messages conveyed through these different forms
  • discussing key messages expressed in stories, songs and dance, such as social values and rules for living, comparing them to messages conveyed by stories in other cultures and languages
  • responding to a specific creative text by adapting the original to create a new version, for example, by re-sequencing events, adding new elements, changing time, location or character, or creating an alternative ending
  • understanding and discussing the importance of story/ storytelling in transmitting and maintaining language and culture

  VCLVC157 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VCLVC153

  Participate in guided tasks that involve following instructions, making things, cooperating with peers, planning for and conducting shared events, activities or school performances

  Elaborations

  • participating in excursions with respected community members to experience story places or keeping places, listening to associated stories
  • visiting community centres, art centres or language centres and recording the experiences, for example, by developing a digital presentation or photo-story
  • working with respected community members to develop a short ‘Welcome to Country/Place’ and/or ‘Acknowledgment of Country/Place’ to use at formal school functions or community events
  • working together on collaborative tasks, such as designing posters, menus or invitations for special events, designing class bush tucker or a garden, creating picture books for buddy classes
  • interacting with respected community members/community speakers, following instructions, for example when making an artefact, creating an art work or preparing bush tucker, using hand signs as appropriate
  • participating in and sharing responses to local cultural events and celebrations
  • participating in national celebrations and significant events, for example, NAIDOC Week, Reconciliation Week, Harmony Day, labelling and captioning photos for a class display and sharing responses through class discussion
  • creating a skit, performance or action game to introduce a buddy class to aspects of the language and associated culture, for example, individual words, gestures or expressions associated with common exchanges such as introductions, items and artefacts
  • engaging in shared tasks which involve planning and collaborating, for example, preparing, rehearsing and conducting public presentations and performances, such as an item for a school assembly or a digital presentation about a significant event
  • giving directions, for example, to guide others to specific locations

  VCLVC153 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCLVU172

  Identify available resources and protocols to be followed when building language

  Elaborations

  • identifying and locating available language resources suitable for language building, for example, living speakers and rememberers, visual, aural and written documents, archival material
  • identifying the existence and location of keeping places for texts and resources as language is rebuilt, for example, in the community, national archives, purpose-built interpretative centres
  • understanding that there are protocols to be followed when building language, such as consulting and involving language owners who may want to determine how the language expands into new domains of use
  • discussing potential limits and constraints of school language programs in relation to building language
  • learning about language building efforts in their community and the role of particular groups in this process, for example, by visiting the local language centre, history museum or by inviting people involved in the process to talk to the class
  • identifying language revival programs in other regions and reporting on processes used and resources developed
  • finding examples of language revival in the categories of language revitalisation, language renewal and language reclamation, and consider what these examples contribute to the processes of language building
  • understanding how language revival serves to enrich Australia’s linguistic and cultural resources

  VCLVU172 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Role of language building

• VCLVU170

  Understand that the use of stories and names in Aboriginal languages are culturally determined

  Elaborations

  • observing and discussing protocols surrounding the retelling and sharing of stories
  • recognising and using principles and protocols of cultural safety when engaging with cultural material/property, such as names of things, peoples and places, visual and aural recordings, art work
  • understanding how and when Welcomes and Acknowledgements are required and who is entitled to deliver them

  VCLVU170 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Language awareness

• VCLVU164

  Expand vocabulary in the language through word-formation processes and recognise and use simple language structures

  Elaborations

  • exploring known word formation processes, for example, changing a word with the addition or change of a suffix or prefix to convey different meanings
  • constructing expressions that refer to people, places, things and events using:
    • nouns and adjectives in phrases, for example, compound nouns, reduplications and nominalisations, adjectives without an associated noun
    • sentences without verbs, for example, ‘This (is) my bag’
    • pronouns, for example, personal, kinship, demonstrative and interrogative in all persons and numbers
    • determiners and quantifiers, for example, ‘some’, ‘every’, ‘other’, ‘few’, ‘much’, ‘all’, and words for groups
    • marking to indicate possession and other types of association, for example, ‘Let’s go for water’
    • transitive and intransitive verbs
    • verbs of stance used in existential expressions, for example, ‘There is a creek lying near the road’
    • verbs to talk about actions, processes, thoughts and feelings
    • moods of verbs, including statements, questions, imperatives, commands, intention, purpose, likelihood, reported speech
    • negation
  • expressing time, manner, attitude and place according to available language resources, such as:
    • tenses, including past, present and future/non-past
    • temporal expressions, for example, day–night cycle, lunar and seasonal cycles, ‘before’, ‘after’, ‘soon’, ‘recent’, ‘long ago’, expressions for cosmological time
    • expressions of frequency, for example, ‘often’, ‘always’, ‘once’, ‘briefly’
    • attitudinal particles, for example, ‘maybe’, ‘it is said’, ‘what do you say?’, ‘would you mind?’, ‘you see’
    • locational cases, for example, ‘in’, ‘an’, ‘at’, ‘near’, ‘besides’, ‘to’, ‘towards’, ‘from’
    • adverbs of manner, location and time, for example, ‘again’, ‘more’, ‘in turn’, ‘too late’, ‘as well’
    • structuring and linking clauses, for example, using coordination, subordination, embedding
  • understanding that rules vary between languages, for example, in relation to word-formation, word order at phrase and sentence level
  • making comparisons and identifying patterns in and between languages, for example, free and fixed word order, tenses in verbs, use of affixes versus prepositions
  • noticing similarities between particular vocabulary sets in languages from the same region, such as words for body parts, kinship terms
  • developing metalanguage for talking about language, for example, noun phrases, suffixes, prefixes, tense, transitivity, using resources from both the language and English

  VCLVU164 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLVU169

  Explore the language situation of language communities and the diversity of language contexts in Australia

  Elaborations

  • investigating the nature and state of health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages across Australia and in their region
  • recognising that many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are multilingual, and discussing reasons for this
  • learning about the current language situation in the language: its state of health, the nature of the speech community and generational differences, and discussing reasons for these characteristics
  • recognising that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages are in various states of maintenance, development and revival, and investigating the diversity of historical causes for this
  • recognising how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages have been transmitted and recorded across generations
  • exploring how physical and biological environments affect linguistic ecology
  • recognising shared vocabulary across Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages, and understanding why there might be variations in spelling
  • recognising dialectal differences and similarities within languages
  • investigating ways in which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages are used in the local region and in the wider Australian community, for example, in the media, in art galleries, festivals, on public transport

  VCLVU169 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Language awareness

• VCLVU173

  Understand how the language has been recorded in the past, and how this affects language building processes

  Elaborations

  • understanding how the language was recorded in the past, by whom and for what purposes
  • understanding the techniques of how the language was recorded in the past, what this means to the language and how it has affected current representation of the language
  • understanding reasons for different spellings of words within the language, for example, how sounds may have been misheard, meanings been misunderstood and other unintentional errors introduced in the documentation process of the language
  • understanding how language resources such as living speakers, recorded texts and archival information are used in the language building process
  • identifying gaps in the vocabulary of the language, considering what responses may be necessary
  • helping to build a community of learners–speakers who use the language, for example, by teaching younger members of the school community and/or classes in local primary schools

  VCLVU173 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Role of language building

• VCLVU168

  Recognise that languages change over time

  Elaborations

  • identifying words that are the same as or similar to neighbouring languages
  • understanding ways in which languages influence one another, for example, language shifts, shared writing systems, loan words
  • discussing loan words that have been incorporated from other languages to describe new concepts, for example, words for new things, including technological innovations
  • understanding that language and culture together continually change as a result of contact with other languages and cultures

  VCLVU168 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCRAC042

  Translate texts from the language to English and vice versa, selecting from possible choices to create appropriate meanings

  Elaborations

  • comparing translations of written texts from English into the language and from the language into English, such as advertisements, websites, food packaging and menus, and considering how meanings may be interpreted from a different cultural perspective
  • suggesting ways to modify some terms and expressions that do not translate directly and considering how this may affect text length, style and word choices
  • interpreting meanings in texts by ‘reading’ the context

  VCRAC042 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCRAC038

  Locate, classify and compare factual information from texts about aspects of daily life and significant events across cultures

  Elaborations

  • identifying information in texts such as advertisements, conversations, brochures and announcements, and sharing this information with others in another format, for example, presenting a chart of favourite television programs or computer games
  • reading texts and extracting key points about an issue or topic (such as housing, living in the city or a rural area, types of activities for young people and their daily routines), and discussing information with peers
  • reading, viewing and listening to texts to research information about concepts related to other curriculum areas
  • identifying and comparing perspectives about information in spoken and written texts

  VCRAC038 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Informing