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• VCNRU102

  Identify connections between language, culture and communication, recognising how communication styles and practices vary across cultures and how intercultural exchange involves the exchange of meaning as well as words

  Elaborations

  • investigating own personal and community practices to identify connections with the target language and culture, for example, in cooking, sport, music, dance or technology
  • discussing elements of culture and their significance in reflecting values, attitudes and traditions
  • discussing, questioning and explaining understanding of own and other cultures, and considering how attitudes towards diversity and difference affect communication
  • examining culturally specific terms developing appropriate explanations for them and discussing equivalent terms in other languages

  VCNRU102 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCHHK107

  The nature of sources of evidence about ancient Australia and what they reveal about Australia’s ancient past, such as the use of resources

  Elaborations

  • investigating a local site of indigenous historical and cultural significance. Discuss reasons why this site is significant
  • analysing and evaluate the significance of Lake Mungo as a site of importance. Examine theories and hypothesis about the people who lived around Lake Mungo

  VCHHK107 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Knowledge | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and cultures

• VCAVAR038

  Analyse how ideas and viewpoints are expressed in artworks and how they are viewed by audiences

  Elaborations

  • critiquing a physical or virtual exhibition of art, craft or design, and review how artists have expressed viewpoints in their artworks
  • critically analysing an artist’s intention for an artwork and their use of visual conventions
  • presenting an informed opinion about a display of artworks as a written review
  • discussing and identifying how artists express cultural identity in their artworks, for example, how artists from different cultures express the concepts of place and country, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

  VCAVAR038 | The Arts | Visual Arts | Levels 7 and 8 | Respond and Interpret

• VCHPEP123

  Investigate the impact of transition and change on identities

  Elaborations

  • examining the impact of physical changes on gender, cultural and sexual identities
  • investigating how changing feelings and attractions are part of developing sexual identities
  • identifying feelings and emotions associated with transitions, and practising self-talk and help-seeking strategies to manage these transitions
  • examining how traditions and cultural practices influence personal and cultural identities
  • examining online profiles and identities and developing strategies to promote safety in online environments

  VCHPEP123 | Health and Physical Education | Levels 7 and 8 | Personal, Social and Community Health | Being healthy, safe and active

• VCADAR038

  Analyse how choreographers use elements of dance and production elements to communicate intent

  Elaborations

  • deconstructing sections of a dance, for example identifying and describing recurring movement/s within sequences or the use of the elements of dance and production elements in a contemporary dance choreographed by an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander
  • identifying and interpreting how interrelating elements, choreographic devices such as variation, contrast and transition and forms are used to communicate intent.
  • presenting an informed opinion about a dance performance using descriptive, style-specific terminology, for example, identifying philosophical, ideological or political perspectives presented in the dance and considering how these perspectives affect the audience’s interpretation
  • accessing and researching choreographers’ works through real or virtual performances to research choreographers’ intentions

  VCADAR038 | The Arts | Dance | Levels 7 and 8 | Respond and Interpret

• VCCCTQ033

  Suspend judgements temporarily and consider how preconceptions may limit ideas and alternatives

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on whether any preconceptions such as safety or ‘price point’ can be used to test the quality of ideas
  • challenging the inclusion of a feature of an object taken for granted, such as a lid on toothpaste tubes, and how this expands ideas for product innovations
  • investigating an issue such as improvements to liveability of another place, and exploring how differences in places mean that preconceptions should be suspended
  • identifying their preconceptions about a particular text and considering the influence of these preconceptions on how they react to an adaptation of the text, for example to a film adaptation of a novel
  • exploring barriers and enablers for the greater inclusion of voices, for example in issues concerning lowering the voting age or setting gender quotas and how greater or less inclusion might affect the range of useful ideas

  VCCCTQ033 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Questions and Possibilities

• VCEBE019

  Identify relationships and trends, and generate a range of alternatives for an economic or business issue or event, evaluating the potential costs and benefits of each alternative and the consequences of proposed actions

  Elaborations

  • interpreting tables, charts and graphs containing economic or business data to identify trends and using the data to make predictions about future trends, for example, trends in online shopping
  • examining the trade-offs involved in making choices
  • investigating how businesses identify opportunities in the market
  • undertaking a cost-benefit analysis of alternatives proposed and making a decision about which one to recommend
  • discussing the consequences of an economic or business decision, and reflecting on whether this was the ‘best’ decision and what might be the effect of alternative actions
  • developing skills to contest and debate ideas and to express opinions on economics and business issues that interest and/or affect them or society

  VCEBE019 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 7 and 8 | Economic and Business Reasoning and Interpretation

• VCELU017

  Identify connections between language, culture and communication, recognising how communication styles and practices vary across cultures and how intercultural exchange involves the exchange of meaning as well as words

  Elaborations

  • investigating own personal and community practices to identify connections with Greek language and culture, for example, in cooking, sport, music, dance or technology
  • discussing elements of culture in Greek language and their significance in reflecting values, attitudes and traditions, such as references to saints’ days
  • discussing, questioning and explaining understanding of own and other cultures, and considering how attitudes towards diversity and difference affect communication and the sustainability of communities
  • examining culturally specific terms and phrases, such as η παρέα , το κέφι, Στην υγειά σου, Με γεια, Γεια στα χέρια σου/σας, developing appropriate explanations for them and discussing equivalent terms in other languages

  VCELU017 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCKOU190

  Analyse how beliefs and value systems are reflected in language use and communicative behaviours, and reflect on how what is considered normal in communication varies across cultures

  Elaborations

  • investigating cultural and historical backgrounds underlying culturally appropriate body language, gestures and verbal expressions in Korean and other languages; reflecting on and discussing differences across cultures
  • investigating and using language associated with significant cultural practices and events or celebrations, for example, 설날, 단오, 추석, 한글날
  • discussing attitudes towards diversity and difference, including the use of stereotypes and generalisations, and considering how these affect communication
  • reflecting on own cultural identities and how they are expressed differently in different settings such as home, school and other social domains, considering how these might be interpreted and responded to by people from different cultures

  VCKOU190 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCIDU102

  Notice connections between language and culture in intercultural language use, recognising how words and expressions may be culture-specific

  Elaborations

  • noticing that some words are culture-specific, such as language associated with particular artefacts and the physical environment, for example, desa, sawah, durian, becak
  • recognising that some expressions are related to cultural practices such as eating, for example, sudah mandi, makan dulu, selamat makan, silakan makan
  • comparing how languages reflect values such as those related to personal attributes, physical appearance and behaviour, for example, halus, kasar, sopan, setia, baik hati, si berani, si kecil, sawo matang, gemuk
  • investigating the language associated with significant cultural practices such as celebrations, for example, Selamat Hari Raya, maaf lahir batin, panjang umurnya
  • recognising interconnections between own language and culture such as vocabulary and expressions related to people, lifestyle and environment, for example, ‘barbecue’, ‘thongs’, ‘bathers/togs/swimmers’, ‘no worries’

  VCIDU102 | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCECD018

  Discuss the role of context and experience in ethical decision-making and actions

  Elaborations

  • discussing the impact of experience on the decisions of a character in response to ethical problems over the course of a narrative, for example, Lockie Leonard
  • investigating why people may apply different reasoning in different circumstances , for example, in situations involving friends or strangers, work or leisure, or different places or cultures
  • using examples of acts to investigate whether there are exceptions to claims such as ‘failure is never good’, ‘fighting is always wrong’, ‘selfishness is never good’, ‘caring is always good’ and considering the importance of context and experience in justifications for exceptions, for example, failure of a physical challenge versus a medical operation, fighting a war versus fighting in a brawl, aiming to win a game versus maximising profit, and doing something for someone when they are injured versus not injured

  VCECD018 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Decision Making and Actions

• VCHPEP126

  Investigate and select strategies to promote health, safety and wellbeing

  Elaborations

  • investigating reasons why young people choose to use or not use drugs, and proposing strategies to make informed choices
  • researching a variety of snack and lunch options, and evaluating nutritional value, value for money and sustainability impacts to create a weekly menu plan
  • researching opportunities in the local community to participate in regular physical activity and examining how accessible these opportunities are for students
  • proposing and practising strategies for celebrating safely, including assertiveness, refusal skills, planning travel arrangements and contingency plans
  • examining strategies for safe practices in different environments, including home, transport and aquatic environments

  VCHPEP126 | Health and Physical Education | Levels 7 and 8 | Personal, Social and Community Health | Being healthy, safe and active

• VCTRC096

  Consider the nature of identity and of cultural experience, reflecting on how their linguistic and cultural background contributes to their sense of identity

  Elaborations

  • discussing the nature of identity, including the fact that it is dynamic, changing and involves values and beliefs as well as practices and behaviours
  • reflecting on how their own identity is shaped by and also reflects the experience of living in a multicultural society, using more than one language and identifying with particular language communities
  • considering ways in which different languages offer different ways of thinking about experience, or of ‘reading’ the world; how these different standpoints influence the way meaning is made and how people think about themselves and others
  • discussing how Turkish and Australian cultural influences are reflected in their daily lives, interests, social activities and ways of thinking
  • reflecting on the relationship between language, culture and identity, for example, by identifying experiences that feel different when interacting in Turkish or in English
  • discussing whether their sense of identity changes over time, taking into account changes in language use at home, in school or in the wider and virtual community

  VCTRC096 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCHHK117

  Significant causes and effects of developments and/or cultural achievements that reflect the concentration and/or expansion of wealth and power

  Elaborations

  • Vikings
    • mapping Viking expansion across Europe, weapons and shipbuilding, and the extent of their trade
    • describing Viking craft with particular emphasis on the production of weapons, for example swords, battle axes and helmets
    • outlining the key role of gods such as Odin, Thor, Frey and Freyja in Viking religion and the adoption of Christianity during the Viking period
    • investigating the construction of longboats and their role in exploration, including innovations in keel and sail design
    • describing evidence of Viking trade between Russia (Kiev) and the east (through Constantinople)
  • Medieval Europe
    • explaining the changing relations between Islam and the West (including the Crusades), analyse the causes and effects of the crusades
    • describing the features of castles and churches of the period, for example, Warwick Castle in England and Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, as examples of the Church’s power in terms of its control of wealth and labour
    • recognising that the medieval manuscripts of monastic scribes contributed to the survival of many ancient Greek and Roman literary texts
    • examining the religious nature of illuminated manuscripts and how they were the product of a complex and frequently costly process
    • listening to the Gregorian chants of Western Christianity and exploring how they reflect the nature and power of the Church in this period
  • Ottoman Empire
    • mapping the expanding power and influence of the Ottoman Empire, explain reasons for its development, such as the fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD (CE)
    • outlining inventions and developments in the Islamic world, for example, the astrolabe, public hospitals and libraries and their subsequent adoption in the Western world
    • describing Ottoman art and architecture, for example, the Selimiye Mosque in the city of Edirne in Turkey, and Islamic geometric design
  • Angkor/Khmer Empire
    • explaining how being revered as the ‘god-king’ or ‘deva-raja’ enabled the Khmer kings to rule over the empire with absolute authority, thereby enhancing their ability to mobilise manpower to defend the empire as well as to invade neighbours
    • describing the main features of the water management system at Angkor, for example, the extensive use of reservoirs and canals
    • investigating the significance of the archaeological site of Angkor Wat
  • Mongol Expansion
    • outlining Genghis Khan’s use of decimal organisation in his army and his policies for governing his empire, for example, codifying laws, banning the killing of animals in the breeding season, supporting religious freedom, and expanding trade
    • analysing the causes and effects of the Mongol expansion as one of the largest land empires in history, including life in China before, during and after the Mongol conquest
    • mapping the expansion of the Mongol empire across Asia and Europe
  • Japan under the Shoguns
    • discussing the role of the Tokugawa Shogunate in reimposing a feudal system (based on daimyo and samurai) and the increasing control of the Shogun over foreign trade
    • explain reasons why the Shogun controlled trade
    • explaining reasons for Japan’s closure to foreigners under the Tokugawa Shogunate and the impact of US Commodore Perry’s visit in 1853
    • explaining why the use and management of environmental resources in Shogunate Japan and the forestry and land use policies of the Tokugawa Shogunate were required
    • investigating the demand for available land and the patterns of land use in the period
    • outlining the attempts by the Tokugawa Shogunate to curb deforestation, for example imposing heavy regulations on farmers, managing the harvesting of trees, and using new, lighter and more efficient construction techniques
    • analysing the woodblock prints such as the ones created by Hokusai, geisha culture, and the development of the arts
  • Polynesian Expansion
    • locating Polynesia on a map, tracing the expansion of Polynesian settlers throughout the Pacific, and considering how they made their journeys
    • outlining different theories about the expansion, for example, west/east and east/west movement, the expansion as accidental versus intentional
    • investigating the cultural achievements of one Polynesian society, such as the Ta moko and hangi in Maori society or the moai constructed on Easter Island
    • investigating the construction of the moai (giant statues) on Easter Island (Rapa Nui), the techniques used to make and transport them, and theories about their meaning, for example, representations of dead ancestors or chiefs
  • Renaissance Italy
    • analysing the effects of the Black Death in causing the Renaissance
    • organising notes using a concept map or visual display of the significant developments and/or cultural achievements that reflect the concentration of wealth and power in the city-states, such as art and learning and the invention of the printing press
    • describing the work of Leonardo Da Vinci, for example, his artworks the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper and inventions including a rudimentary helicopter and solar power;
    • describing the work of Michelangelo for example, the Sistine Chapel paintings, David, Pieta
    • describing the thinking of Copernicus for example, seeing the sun as the centre of the universe (astronomy)
    • investigating learning in the Renaissance period, for example humanism, astrology, alchemy, the influence of ancient Greece and Rome
    • investigating the achievements of Galileo, for example improvements in the telescope and his astronomical observations
  • Spanish Conquest
    • analysing the causes of Spanish exploration and expansion including when, how and why the Spanish arrived in the Americas, and where they went, including the various societies and geographical features they encountered
    • explaining the arrival of Spanish conquistadores in Mexico and Peru from 1510 CE (Balboa) to 1531 (Pizarro), and their reasons, for example, seeking wealth, claiming land for their king, converting the local populations to Christianity, sense of adventure
    • explaining the siege of Tenochtitlan

  VCHHK117 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Knowledge | Middle Ages and early exploration

• VCCCC026

  Explain how groups express their identities, including religious and cultural identity, and how this expression can influence their perceptions of others and others’ perception of them

  Elaborations

  • investigating how and why different Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities are maintaining and strengthening their identities and how this contributes to Australia's national identity
  • investigating how and why the visible aspects of people’s cultural identity (for example dress, gestures, traditions/customs, accent/language) can influence interactions between people
  • considering how Australia’s location in the Asian region influences interactions between Australians an those living in the region

  VCCCC026 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 7 and 8 | Citizenship, Diversity and Identity

• VCCCTQ032

  Consider how to approach and use questions that have different elements, including factual, temporal and conceptual elements

  Elaborations

  • identifying whether questions about a prequel or main film or written text should be answered first and explaining why
  • discussing the importance of defining key terms in a question, identifying them and explaining which should be defined first, for example when investigating daily lives of people in Ancient Greece
  • using the purpose of an inquiry to consider choices that can be made when constructing questions about it, for example, sustainable food production techniques in Australia

  VCCCTQ032 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Questions and Possibilities

• VCLAU014

  Reflect on own and others’ reactions to and assumptions about the language and culture of Roman society, considering similarities and differences to own language and culture

  Elaborations

  • considering own and others’ cultural assumptions about home and leisure and how these were different or similar in the Roman context
  • reviewing and responding to aspects of cultural practices in Latin texts and Roman artefacts, and discussing the reactions of peers to these
  • describing own life at home and school and making comparisons with that of young people in the Roman world
  • developing an understanding of life in multicultural Rome, and reflecting on similarities and differences to own lifestyle in multicultural Australia
  • discussing how young people in ancient Rome may have viewed the lives of young people in the modern world

  VCLAU014 | Languages | Latin | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Reflecting

• VCRAC058

  Create individual and shared texts about imagined people, places and experiences, in order to entertain others

  Elaborations

  • creating texts to entertain peers and younger audiences, for example, digital big books, short films with subtitles, comics, plays, posters for a film or websites for a fan club
  • creating the next scene, a new character or an alternative ending for fiction texts in the language such as a story, drama or film script
  • participating in spontaneous plays based on scenarios such as meeting a favourite celebrity, appearing on a television show or living in a past era
  • composing simple songs, jingles, posters and advertisements for real and imaginary situations or products

  VCRAC058 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCASFU193

  Develop knowledge of additional elements of the Auslan grammatical system, analysing indicating verbs, depicting signs and constructed action

  Elaborations

  • noticing that meaning is created in Auslan from fully-lexical signs, partly-lexical signs and non-lexical CA and gesture
  • recognising that signers can use locations for present referents, non-present referents, or abstract referents that do not exist in space
  • recognising that nouns can be pluralised by locating them repeatedly regardless of their original location
  • distinguishing between directional and locational indicating verbs

  • recognising that handshape and movement represent different things in each type of DS, for example:

    • entity DSs: the handshape is an object or person, and the movement is the movement or location of that object or person
    • handling DSs: the handshape represents a person’s hands touching or moving another object, and the movement shows how the hands move
    • SASS DSs: the handshape and movement outline the shape or size of something
  • observing instances of CA in a text and discussing how it was marked

  VCASFU193 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHC086

  Respond to simple narratives and create short texts about imagined characters and events

  Elaborations

  • creating digital stories by producing labels for pictures, photos and cartoons in combination with sound, voice and music to convey a sequence of events in imagined contexts
  • reading jokes or cartoons in Chinese and discussing how humour is conveyed through words and the presentation of ideas, comparing this to humour in English and discussing whether ‘entertainment’ means the same thing in different languages and cultures
  • reading short texts such as comics and cartoons, and matching labels and speech to the characters to convey ideas and emotions, for example, using euphemistic phrases to capture the emotions and reactions of characters (真的吗？真倒霉！哎呀！)
  • plotting a storyline, considering: Who is the main character? How can I make this character interesting to readers? How can I sequence my story to grab the reader’s attention?

  VCZHC086 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating