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• VCSSU043

  Living things grow, change and have offspring similar to themselves

  Elaborations

  • representing personal growth and changes from birth
  • exploring the different characteristics of the life stages in animals, for example, butterflies or frogs

  VCSSU043 | Science | Foundation to Level 2 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCSSU045

  Everyday materials can be physically changed or combined with other materials in a variety of ways for particular purposes

  Elaborations

  • predicting and comparing how the shapes of objects made from different materials can be physically changed through different actions, for example, bending, stretching and twisting
  • investigating how food can be mixed to form different products, for example, jelly, ice cream or cake
  • suggesting why different parts of everyday objects such as toys and clothes are made from different materials
  • identifying materials that can be changed and remade or recycled into new products, for example, paper and plastic

  VCSSU045 | Science | Foundation to Level 2 | Science Understanding | Chemical sciences

• VCSSU048

  The way objects move depends on a variety of factors including their size and shape: a push or a pull affects how an object moves or changes shape

  Elaborations

  • observing the way different shaped objects move, such as balls, blocks and tubes
  • comparing the way different sized, but similar shaped, objects roll and bounce, such as tennis balls, golf balls, marbles and basketballs
  • observing how the movement of different living things depends on their size and shape
  • exploring how different strengths of pushes and pulls affect the movement of objects
  • identifying toys from different cultures that use the forces of push or pull

  VCSSU048 | Science | Foundation to Level 2 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCSSU041

  People use science in their daily lives

  Elaborations

  • monitoring information about the environment and Earth's resources, for example, rainfall, water levels and temperature
  • identifying the ways humans manage and protect resources, for example, reducing waste and conserving water

  VCSSU041 | Science | Foundation to Level 2 | Science Understanding | Science as a human endeavour

• VCTRC008

  Explain in English the meaning of everyday Turkish words, phrases and gestures, noticing which are similar or different to equivalent words in English or other known languages

  Elaborations

  • translating simple words and expressions related to ‘Things I do everyday’, using matching word cards, pictures, large print dictionaries, word lists and labels, noticing words that are similar in the two languages, such as televizyon, radyo, yogurt, tren, taksi
  • explaining the English meaning of Turkish words and phrases used for greetings, apologies and appreciations, such as hoş geldiniz, hoş bulduk, geçmiş olsun, merhaba, hoşça kal, günaydın, iyi günler, iyi akşamlar, iyi geceler, and discussing how and when they are used
  • comparing and contrasting the meaning and sounds of key words and expressions that feature in Turkish and English versions of popular children’s rhymes, games and songs, such as ‘Old MacDonald’ and Ali Baba’nın Çiftliği, ‘Are you sleeping?’ and Tembel Çocuk Kalksana
  • demonstrating and explaining in Turkish gestures that are associated with cultural traditions, such as greeting elders by kissing their hand and placing it on the forehead to show respect
  • noticing words or expressions in Turkish that are not easy to translate into English because they carry different meanings, for example, Ellerine sağlık. Çok yaşa! Sen de gör! Geçmiş olsun!

  VCTRC008 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Translating

• VCTRU017

  Understand that people use language in ways that reflect their culture, such as where and how they live and what is important to them

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of ‘culture’, how it involves visible elements, such as ways of dressing, eating and dancing, and invisible elements, such as ways of thinking and valuing
  • recognising that there are words and expressions in Turkish that ‘belong’ to Turkish and not to English, for example, Hoş bulduk, Çok yaşa, Sen de gör
  • noticing that some Australian terms and expressions only have meaning in the Australian context and have no equivalent in Turkish, for example,’ the outback’, ‘bush tucker’, ‘Good on ya!’
  • noticing that using Turkish and using English involves different ways of communicating; considering what this reveals about cultural values or traditions

  VCTRU017 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCTRU016

  Recognise that different languages, including Turkish, borrow words and expressions from each other

  Elaborations

  • recognising that languages continuously change and borrow from one another
  • recognising that Turkish uses loan words from English, such as internet, TV, ceket, film and futbol, and that English uses words from Turkish, such as yoghurt, coffee, horde, kiosk, turquoise
  • creating a class record of Turkish words used in English, such as doner kebab, shish kebab, yoghurt, dolma, cacik, comparing how these words are pronounced in the two languages
  • noticing words that come from different languages that students use in their everyday lives

  VCTRU016 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCVIU117

  Recognise the sounds and tones of spoken Vietnamese, and notice how they are represented in words and symbols

  Elaborations

  • identifying the 29 letters of the Vietnamese alphabet by their names and sounds as well as the five tone markers
  • building phonic awareness by recognising and experimenting with sounds and rhythms, focusing on letters that are similar in the English alphabet but produce different sounds in Vietnamese, for example, e and i, d and đ
  • developing pronunciation, phrasing and intonation skills by singing, reciting and repeating words and phrases
  • noticing that Vietnamese is a tonal language, and that pitch changes affect the meaning of words
  • understanding that although Vietnamese and English use the same alphabet there are additional symbols/markers that create more letters in Vietnamese
  • developing familiarity with similarities and differences in Vietnamese sound–letter correspondence, such as a, ă, â; e, ê; o, ô, ơ; u, ư; as well as c and k, i and y, s and x, and ch and tr
  • noticing that the same word with different tone markers has different meanings, for example, ma, mà, má, mả, mã and mạ
  • exploring Vietnamese spelling strategies such as grouping words according to initial letters that represent particular sounds, for example, h (hoa hồng, hát, học) or m (mẹ, má, mèo)
  • using single and consonant clusters, vowels and vowel clusters with tone markers to form and spell words, for example, ta, la, tha, nga
  • recognising and using lower and upper case letters

  VCVIU117 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIU122

  Understand that the ways in which people use language reflect their cultures, and relate to where and how they live and what is important to them

  Elaborations

  • identifying gestures, words and phrases that reflect aspects of Vietnamese culture, for example, folding arms, using both hands to offer something, and saying dạ, thưa, vâng ạ to show respect
  • identifying elements of Vietnamese cultural representation, such as flags, sporting emblems or cultural items (for example, áo dài, nón lá and xích-lô) in paintings or pictures of landscapes, folk tales or movies, and making comparisons with those of other cultures
  • exploring the meaning of ‘culture’, recognising that it involves visible elements such as ways of eating, for example, how and why Vietnamese people use chopsticks and spoons instead of knives and forks (Ở nhà em ăn bằng đũa), and invisible elements such as how people live, what they value, and how they think about themselves and others
  • discussing how and why gestures can be interpreted differently in different cultures, for example, using the fingers to beckon to others is considered appropriate in some cultures but impolite in Vietnamese culture

  VCVIU122 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCZHC121

  Reflect on aspects of their Chinese identity and personal relationships with others

  Elaborations

  • discussing the importance to their own identity of speaking Chinese to connect with older relatives, and the wider Chinese-speaking community, for example, 我会说中文，我可以用中文跟上海的爷爷打电话
  • sharing information about their family background, such as country of origin, languages and dialects spoken, and current locations of extended family, for example, 我爸爸是从中国来的。他会说普通话和上海话
  • sharing own likes and dislikes and discussing features that reflect their cultural identities, such as preferences relating to sport and leisure activities, food, and TV programs, for example, 我喜欢吃中国菜，也喜欢吃汉堡包
  • discussing the role of Chinese language and culture in their own lives, such as participation in cultural events, food preferences, or overseas travel

  VCZHC121 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Reflecting