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• VCSSU075

  The growth and survival of living things are affected by the physical conditions of their environment

  Elaborations

  • observing the growth of fungi, for example, yeast and bread mould in different temperature conditions
  • investigating how changing the physical conditions for plants impacts on their growth and survival, for example, changing salt water concentrations, using fertilisers or transferring to a different soil type
  • researching organisms that live in extreme environments, for example, Antarctica, a desert or deep sea

  VCSSU075 | Science | Levels 5 and 6 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCSSU058

  Different living things have different life cycles and depend on each other and the environment to survive

  Elaborations

  • making and recording observations of living things as they develop through their life cycles, for example, insects, birds, frogs and flowering plants
  • recognising that environmental factors can affect life cycles, for example, fire and seed germination
  • investigating the roles of living things in a habitat, for example, producers, consumers or decomposers
  • predicting the effects when living things in feeding relationships are removed or die out in an area

  VCSSU058 | Science | Levels 3 and 4 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCSSU074

  Living things have structural features and adaptations that help them to survive in their environment

  Elaborations

  • explaining how particular adaptations aid survival, for example, nocturnal behaviour, silvery coloured leaves of dune plants
  • describing and listing adaptations of living things suited for particular Australian environments

  VCSSU074 | Science | Levels 5 and 6 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCSSU043

  Living things grow, change and have offspring similar to themselves

  Elaborations

  • representing personal growth and changes from birth
  • exploring the different characteristics of the life stages in animals, for example, butterflies or frogs

  VCSSU043 | Science | Foundation to Level 2 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCSSU073

  Scientific understandings, discoveries and inventions are used to inform personal and community decisions and to solve problems that directly affect people’s lives

  Elaborations

  • exploring objects and devices that include parts that involve the reflection, absorption or refraction of light, for example, mirrors, sunglasses and prisms
  • considering how electricity and electrical appliances have changed the way some people live
  • considering how decisions are made to grow particular plants and crops depending on environmental conditions
  • considering how guidelines help to ensure the safe use of electrical devices
  • comparing the benefits of using solid, liquid or gaseous fuels to heat a home
  • designing shelters for living things that are exposed to changed or harsh environments, for example, as a result of bushfire or displacement

  VCSSU073 | Science | Levels 5 and 6 | Science Understanding | Science as a human endeavour

• VCSSU079

  Sudden geological changes or extreme weather conditions can affect Earth’s surface

  Elaborations

  • investigating major geological events, for example, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis
  • recognising that earthquakes can cause tsunamis
  • considering the effect of drought on living and non-living aspects of the environment

  VCSSU079 | Science | Levels 5 and 6 | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCSSU032

  Living things can be plants or animals

  Elaborations

  • observing the life cycles of living things
  • displaying an understanding of the requirements of living things by caring for them, for example, watering plants and feeding pets

  VCSSU032 | Science | Level D | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCSSU012

  Living things can look and feel different

  Elaborations

  • handling and observing living and non-living things
  • developing an emerging awareness of some essential characteristics of living things, for example, 'Eyes are for seeing’

  VCSSU012 | Science | Level B | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCSSU022

  Living things have different names and parts

  Elaborations

  • developing an understanding of some features of living things
  • identifying some features of living things, for example, plants have leaves, dogs have fur, eyes, mouths and legs, flowers have petals, fish have scales

  VCSSU022 | Science | Level C | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCSSU002

  Living things are part of the world around us

  Elaborations

  • experiencing a variety of living things in a range of situations such as pets at school, plants in a garden, animals on a farm or in the school grounds
  • responding to the characteristics of different things, for example, texture of their covering, softness, size, sounds they make

  VCSSU002 | Science | Level A | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCSSU057

  Living things can be grouped on the basis of observable features and can be distinguished from non-living things

  Elaborations

  • exploring differences between living, once living and products of living things
  • identifying variations in the features of plants, for example, colour and shape of leaves, or types of flowers
  • identifying variations in the features of animals, for example, body covering, ear shapes or number of legs

  VCSSU057 | Science | Levels 3 and 4 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCSSU092

  Cells are the basic units of living things and have specialised structures and functions

  Elaborations

  • examining a variety of cells using a light microscope, by digital technology or by viewing a simulation
  • distinguishing plant cells from animal and fungal cells
  • identifying structures within cells and describing their function
  • recognising that some organisms consist of a single cell

  VCSSU092 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCASFU144

  Notice that people use language in ways that reflect their culture, such as where and how they live, who they live with and what is important to them

  Elaborations

  • recognising that people from different places and backgrounds may use different languages and have ways of living and communicating that differ from their own
  • appreciating that culture and cultural difference means that people may value different things or live differently, noticing observable examples of such difference, such as ways of greeting (bowing versus shaking hands) or conveying information (through words versus signs)
  • exploring how learning Auslan involves entering into a visual world or culture, for example by exploring different connections with physical space, such as being able to communicate through windows, or from a distance
  • exploring how deaf people live in ways that may be different from how hearing people live, for example by responding to stimulus questions such as How do deaf people ensure they can always see other people who are signing? How do deaf people watch movies or television programs?
  • recognising the importance of facial expression, eye gaze and NMFs in conveying information in a visual-gestural language and culture
  • recognising the importance of community and culture in relation to their own lives and communities and in relation to other language groups and their communities

  VCASFU144 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCSSU042

  Living things have a variety of external features and live in different places where their basic needs, including food, water and shelter, are met

  Elaborations

  • recognising common features of animals, for example, head, legs and wings
  • describing the use of animal body parts for particular purposes, for example, moving and feeding
  • identifying common features of plants, for example, leaves and roots
  • recognising that different living things live in different places, for example, land and water
  • exploring what happens when habitats change and some living things can no longer have their needs met

  VCSSU042 | Science | Foundation to Level 2 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCSSU120

  The theory of evolution by natural selection explains the diversity of living things and is supported by a range of scientific evidence

  Elaborations

  • describing biodiversity as a function of evolution
  • outlining processes involved in natural selection including variation, isolation and selection
  • investigating changes caused by natural selection in a particular population as a result of a specified selection pressure, for example, artificial selection in breeding for desired characteristics
  • evaluating and interpreting evidence for evolution, including the fossil record, chemical and anatomical similarities, and the geographical distribution of species

  VCSSU120 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCSSU048

  The way objects move depends on a variety of factors including their size and shape: a push or a pull affects how an object moves or changes shape

  Elaborations

  • observing the way different shaped objects move, such as balls, blocks and tubes
  • comparing the way different sized, but similar shaped, objects roll and bounce, such as tennis balls, golf balls, marbles and basketballs
  • observing how the movement of different living things depends on their size and shape
  • exploring how different strengths of pushes and pulls affect the movement of objects
  • identifying toys from different cultures that use the forces of push or pull

  VCSSU048 | Science | Foundation to Level 2 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCHHK136

  Patterns of continuity and change and their effects on influencing movements of people, ways of life and living conditions, political and legal institutions, and cultural expression around the turn of the twentieth century

  Elaborations

  • Australia
    • using sources to examine the living and working conditions in Australia around the turn of the twentieth century (that is 1900)
    • identifying the main features of housing, sanitation, transport, education and industry that influenced living and working conditions in Australia
    • describing the impact of the gold rushes in the hinterland on the development of ‘Marvellous Melbourne’
  • Asia
    • describing the British Raj and the forms of British influence in India, for example, the building of roads, an extensive railway network, schools and Christian missions
    • describing how increasing foreign influence and imperialism was challenging and changing Imperial China and society through trade, railway networks, missionaries, foreign concessions in cities such as Shanghai
    • describing how increasing trade, modernisation expansions and nationalism in Japan were influencing change to everyday life in Japan, the fall of the Shogun and the Meiji Restoration

  VCHHK136 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The making of the modern world | Australia and Asia

• VCHPEM157

  Examine the role physical activity, outdoor recreation and sport play in the lives of Australians and investigate how this has changed over time

  Elaborations

  • exploring their importance as a social and cultural practice through participation in a range of physical activities from the Asia region, such as yoga, tai chi, martial arts and Asia-inspired dance and performance art
  • researching the trends in participation in organised junior sports and predicting future trends and directions
  • investigating the varied perspectives held by Australians on sport and examining how this diversity is represented in the sports we play today
  • exploring the impact of media messages associated with physical activity, outdoor recreation and sport in Australia
  • analysing the significant contributions Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people make to sport in Australia

  VCHPEM157 | Health and Physical Education | Levels 9 and 10 | Movement and Physical Activity | Understanding movement

• VCELA024

  Use sounds and facial expressions to affect familiar others

  Elaborations

  • encountering various languages and forms of communication at home, school and in the community
  • experiencing others engaging, communicating and changing things in the world around them
  • reacting to the sounds and voices of familiar others
  • reacting to a range of gestures, signs, images and facial features of familiar others
  • using sounds, noises, gestures, eye gaze etc. to gain attention or request an object, e.g. reaching towards something they want
  • turning towards a communication partner

  VCELA024 | Curriculum content | English | Level A | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCKOU036

  Explore and reflect on the nature of language change in response to changing cultural and social conditions

  Elaborations

  • understanding how Hangeul was created in response to the need for a writing system that would reflect the sound system of spoken Korean in 15th-century Korea; reflecting on how its creation has impacted on the Korean language and culture and people’s lives up until now, discussing the role of script in aspects of culture in everyday life
  • discussing possible reasons for changes in Korean language use, such as exposure to other languages, changing contexts of use and the development of digital technology
  • exploring how globalisation has accelerated the use of English words and expressions in Korean language use, discussing advantages and disadvantages in the blending of languages
  • examining how acronyms or short forms of words are used in Korean and in English, discussing how these forms reflect people’s changing lifestyles

  VCKOU036 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change