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• VCGGC129

  Identify, analyse and explain significant interconnections within places and between places over time and at different scales, and evaluate the resulting changes and further consequences

  Elaborations

  • evaluating the effects of international demand for food products on biodiversity throughout the world, in the places of their production
  • using the concept of a system to examine the interconnections between biophysical processes and the human actions, and their underlying causes, that generate environmental change, together with the consequences of these changes
  • identifying the biomes in Australia and overseas that produce some of the foods and plant material people consume and ways that the production of food and fibre has altered some biomes through, for example, vegetation clearance
  • examining how a person’s wellbeing is influenced by where they live, with reference to at least two different scales in a country of the Asia region
  • exploring how transport networks operate to connect people to services, including how supply chain logistics influence these connections

  VCGGC129 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCGGC086

  Identify and describe locations and describe and explain spatial distributions and patterns

  Elaborations

  • using geographical tools, such as printed and electronic atlases, to identify the relative location of Europe and North America and their environmental characteristics
  • mapping and explaining the location, frequency and severity of bushfires or flooding in Australia
  • explaining why most Australians live close to the coast rather than in inland Australia

  VCGGC086 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCGGC088

  Collect and record relevant geographical data and information from the field and secondary sources, using ethical protocols

  Elaborations

  • developing questions about the way connections affect places and people’s perceptions of places and collecting related data and information
  • planning an investigation to identify how significant events can connect places. For example, the Olympics or a tsunami
  • identifying the purpose and usefulness of information gained from primary and secondary sources such as fieldwork, maps, plans, photographs, satellite images, statistical sources and reports
  • finding out how to conduct ethical research with people and communities, including the protocols for consultation with local Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander communities
  • exchanging geographical information from schools in countries of the Asia region
  • interviewing people, for example, on their knowledge and opinions of other places

  VCGGC088 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• VCGGC132

  Analyse and evaluate data, maps and other geographical information using digital and spatial technologies and Geographical Information Systems as appropriate, to develop identifications, descriptions, explanations and conclusions that use geographical terminology

  Elaborations

  • constructing a graph to show the relationship between growth in world population and world food production
  • comparing maps showing transport networks with survey responses on personal mobility
  • analysing environmental change, such as the clearance of vegetation or a plan for a vegetation corridor, using topographic maps and satellite images
  • identifying the relevant layers of a Geographical Information System and using them to investigate how they can portray and analyse demographic, economic and environmental data, and investigating the use of GIS by organisations.
  • testing conclusions by considering alternative points of view about an area of investigation and providing a response using as organisers at least two of the concepts of place, space, environment, interconnection, sustainability, scale and change

  VCGGC132 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• VCGGC059

  Identify how people are connected to different places

  Elaborations

  • examining the ways people are connected to other places through, for example, relatives, friends, things people buy or obtain, holidays, sport, family origin, beliefs, and places of particular significance
  • suggesting what the pattern of visits to places might have been two generations ago and comparing this to their current pattern
  • discussing how some people are connected to one Country, for example, because it is ‘mother’s’ Country or ‘father’s’ Country

  VCGGC059 | The Humanities | Geography | Foundation to Level 2 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCGGC103

  Select and represent data and information in different forms, including by constructing appropriate maps at different scales that conform to cartographic conventions, using digital and spatial technologies as appropriate

  Elaborations

  • creating an annotated diagram to demonstrate how water flows through the environment and connects places, or the influence of environmental quality on the liveability of places
  • constructing tables and graphs of demographic or economic data for Australia or China
  • creating annotated diagrams to show a landscape and its landforms
  • creating a map to show the spatial distribution and patterns of liveability, using computer mapping software
  • using a satellite image to construct a map to show the areas affected by a hydrological hazard, in Australia and another region of the world

  VCGGC103 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• VCGGC073

  Identify and explain the interconnections within places and between places

  Elaborations

  • identifying the main types of natural vegetation, including forest, savannah, grassland, woodland and desert, and explaining the relationship between climate and natural vegetation
  • describing how natural processes can break down and recycle some wastes safely. For example, through composting or purifying water as it moves through the environment
  • exploring how vegetation produces the oxygen all land animals (including people) breathe, protects land from erosion by water or wind, retains rainfall, provides habitat for animals, shelters crops and livestock, provides shade for people, cools urban places, produces medicines, wood and fibre, and can make places appear more attractive
  • investigating and comparing what it would be like to live in a place with a climate different to their own place
  • recognising that the distribution of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples before colonisation was concentrated in more productive areas such as in the coastal and riverine areas of Australia

  VCGGC073 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 3 and 4 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCGGC101

  Identify, analyse and explain interconnections within places and between places and identify and explain changes resulting from these interconnections

  Elaborations

  • describing how water is an available resource when it is groundwater, soil moisture (green water), and surface water in dams, rivers and lakes (blue water), and a potential resource when it exists as salt water, ice, water vapour or waste water, and using the concept of the water cycle to show the connections between the different forms
  • explaining how the movement of water through the environment connects places. For example, the melting of snow in spring feeding rivers and dams downstream
  • comparing student access to and use of places and spaces in their local area and evaluating how this affects perceptions of liveability
  • analysing the role of landforms and landscapes in tourism. For example, Uluru in Australia or the Grand Canyon in the USA
  • examining how urbanisation can affect environmental quality and analysing the effects of erosion and sedimentation produced by human activities on landscape quality

  VCGGC101 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCGGC099

  Explain processes that influence the characteristics of places

  Elaborations

  • explaining the physical causes and the temporal and spatial patterns of an atmospheric or hydrological hazard through a study of either droughts, storms, tropical cyclones or floods
  • exploring the geomorphology of the land and how this affects the liveability of a place
  • contrasting the effects of geomorphic processes that lower the land surface (weathering and erosion) and those that raise the land surface (transportation and deposition)
  • discussing urbanisation as a shift in where, how and why people live where they do

  VCGGC099 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCGGC087

  Describe and explain interconnections within places and between places, and the effects of these interconnections

  Elaborations

  • researching connections between Australia and countries in the Asia region, for example, in terms of trade, migration, tourism, aid, education, defence or cultural influences; and explaining the effects of at least one of these connections on their own place and another place in Australia
  • explaining the impacts of fire on Australian vegetation and the significance of fire damage to human communities
  • comparing how people have responded to climatic conditions in similar and different places and factors that may have influenced this such as culture and technology
  • exploring the extent of change in the local environment over time, through for example, vegetation clearance, fencing, urban development, drainage, irrigation, farming, forest plantations or mining
  • researching the changes made by people to a particular environment in one region in Europe or North America and comparing findings with other regions researched by students

  VCGGC087 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCGGC127

  Predict changes in the characteristics of places over time and identify the possible implications of change for the future

  Elaborations

  • researching the potential of agricultural production in northern Australia
  • discussing the effects of people's cultural and leisure choices on towns and cities or heritage areas. For example, predicting how changing choices may affect these and other places in the future
  • evaluating the effects of international demand for food products on biodiversity throughout the world, in the places of their production
  • identifying trends in human wellbeing in countries over time

  VCGGC127 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCGGC102

  Collect and record relevant geographical data and information from useful primary and secondary sources, using ethical protocols

  Elaborations

  • gathering from a range of primary and digital sources, for example, from GIS layers, observation, annotated field sketches, surveys and interviews, or photographs, relevant data about the impacts of and responses to a hydrological hazard, or the factors influencing decisions people make about where to live
  • collecting geographical information from secondary sources, such as digital sources, thematic maps, weather maps, climate graphs, compound column graphs and population pyramids, reports, census data and the media
  • applying ethical research methods, including the use of protocols for consultation with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities
  • considering the usefulness of primary and secondary data by finding out when it was collected and for what purpose, and comparing this to the purpose of research
  • gathering relevant data about the ways to protect significant landscapes from a range of primary and digital sources, such as from observation, annotated field sketches, surveys and interviews, or photographs

  VCGGC102 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• VCGGK081

  Main climates of the world and the similarities and differences between the climates of different places

  Elaborations

  • discussing how weather contributes to a climate type and identifying the difference between climate and weather
  • identifying and locating the broad climatic zones of the world: hot, temperate and polar
  • identifying and locating examples of the main climatic types in Australia and the world, for example, equatorial, tropical, arid, semi-arid, temperate and Mediterranean
  • investigating and comparing what it would be like to live in a place with a climate different to their own place

  VCGGK081 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 3 and 4 | Geographical Knowledge | Diversity and significance of places and environments

• VCGGK111

  Factors that influence the decisions people make about where to live and their perceptions of the liveability of places

  Elaborations

  • investigating their and others’ interpretations of the concept of liveability and why what makes a place liveable may vary from person to person according to age, education, income, cultural background and other variables
  • comparing student access to and use of places and spaces in their local area and evaluating how this affects perceptions of liveability
  • discussing why many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples live on their Country/Place or might prefer to if they had the choice

  VCGGK111 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Place and liveability

• VCGGK153

  Issues affecting the development of places and their impact on human wellbeing, drawing on a study from a developing country or region in Africa, South America or the Pacific Islands

  Elaborations

  • evaluating relationships between gross domestic product (GDP) per capita over time and trends in measures of wellbeing in the selected country or region

  VCGGK153 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Geographies of human wellbeing

• VCGGK119

  Human causes of landscape degradation, the effects on landscape quality and the implications for places

  Elaborations

  • analysing the effects of erosion and sedimentation produced by human activities on landscape quality, including farming and recreation
  • examining the effects of mining and quarrying, and urban development, on landscape quality and how this affects places
  • describing the effects of river regulation, including dams, locks, channel straightening and drains, on riverine and wetland landscape quality
  • investigating the effects on coastal landscape quality of the built elements of places. For example, urban development, marinas and sea walls
  • investigating the ways introduced plants or animals or activities such as mining affect landscape quality and examining the effects on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities

  VCGGK119 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Landforms and landscapes

• VCGGK125

  The reasons for and effects of internal migration in Australia and China

  Elaborations

  • identifying and explaining the main types, patterns and trends of internal migration in Australia. For example, employment, lifestyle and retirement migration
  • examining the effects of resource development in Australia on employment growth in both the resource regions and the cities, and on internal migration
  • explaining why changes in the spatial distribution of population are a good indicator of economic and social change in a country
  • examining the role of labour migration in the urban development of China. For example, the growth of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province
  • exploring the issues relating to China’s ‘floating population’

  VCGGK125 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Changing nations

• VCGGK144

  Different types and distribution of environmental changes and the forms it takes in different places

  Elaborations

  • creating a map to show measures of environmental change, using a spatial technologies application
  • examining spatial data and information on desertification affecting drylands
  • describing and analysing a global map showing access to safe water and investigating differences in water pollution in different places

  VCGGK144 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Environmental change and management

• VCGGK114

  Influence of social connectedness and community identity on the liveability of places

  Elaborations

  • discussing the different types of places where people and groups can feel included or excluded, safe or threatened, and evaluating how this affects perceptions about liveability of places
  • investigating the extent to which people in their place are socially connected or socially isolated and its effect on liveability

  VCGGK114 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Place and liveability

• VCGGK121

  Causes of a geomorphological hazard and its impacts on places and human responses to it to minimise harmful effects on places in the future

  Elaborations

  • investigating the natural causes and spatial distribution of a geomorphological hazard. For example, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides and avalanches
  • discussing the extent to which human alteration of environments has contributed to the occurrence of the geomorphological hazard
  • describing how the effects caused by geomorphological hazards are influenced by social, cultural and economic factors. For example, where people choose to live, poverty, and lack of infrastructure and resources to prepare and respond
  • researching how the application of principles of prevention, mitigation and preparedness minimises the harmful effects of geomorphological hazards
  • investigating the negative and positive impacts of bushfires on Australian landscapes and ways of responding to the risk and events of bushfires

  VCGGK121 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Landforms and landscapes