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• VCHHC029

  Explore their perspective on how things have changed from past and present in their daily life

  Elaborations

  • using images to explore their life and key milestones and reflect on what has changed in their life
  • investigating daily life today and in the past through images and exploring what is the same, different, good and bad
  • exploring what different class members think has changed in their daily life

  VCHHC029 | The Humanities | History | Level C | Historical Concepts and Skills | Historical sources as evidence

• VCHHC044

  Develop a narrative about a significant family member and/or place

  Elaborations

  • assisting to construct texts that retell history including significant milestones events of a significant family member or place
  • using images and objects to give a simple retelling about a significant place, milestone or event
  • reacting to and recognising some changes to a place, person or self over time, such as a change in hair and physical features

  VCHHC044 | The Humanities | History | Level D | Historical Concepts and Skills | Historical significance

• VCHHC121

  Sequence significant events in chronological order to support analysis of the causes and effects of these events and identify the changes they brought about

  Elaborations

  • creating a timeline that identifies the significant events or individuals across the period 1750-1918 and observe and discuss patterns of causation and change and/or identifying parts of the world that were involved in, or affected by, those events
  • developing an argument using historical sources and perspectives about the effects of the Industrial Revolution on changing living and working conditions, including within Australia society in the 19th Century
  • placing in sequence the main events of the Freedom Rides campaigns in the United States and Australia and explaining the links between the two campaigns
  • using interactive timelines to explore the various manifestations or effects of an event in different geographical locations
  • organising a range of primary sources and/or perspectives in chronological order to support the development of a historical argument about effects or changes

  VCHHC121 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Chronology

• VCHHC126

  Identify and evaluate patterns of continuity and change in the development of the modern world and Australia

  Elaborations

  • using sources of evidence (perspectives and interpretations) to identify continuity and changes during Australia at the turn of the twentieth century
  • using chronologies to observe and identify patterns where changes or continuities have occurred during the Industrial Revolution, way of living and political conditions and Australia after World War II.
  • identifying the significant changes during the Industrial Revolution and rank them in order of significance. Explain ranking and discuss differences
  • organising changes of everyday life into conditional factors and/or rank them according to the significance of the change
  • describing and explaining change such as the quality of change, the types of change, and the impact of change

  VCHHC126 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Continuity and change

• VCHHC030

  Compare features of objects from the recent past and present

  Elaborations

  • exploring old and new objects that were the same and indicating where they are different
  • exploring old and new by observing things change over of time
  • comparing significant toys and preferred objects over their past and recent present
  • explore how significant toys and objects have changed over time through multimedia such as videos and photos

  VCHHC030 | The Humanities | History | Level C | Historical Concepts and Skills | Continuity and change

• VCHHC102

  Identify and explain patterns of continuity and change in society to the way of life

  Elaborations

  • listing the changes to everyday life in Ancient Egypt and rank in order of the most to the least significant. Justifying the argument using sources of evidence
  • creating a timeline that identifies changes and continuities in Japan under the Shoguns. Observe patterns of the influence of ideas, events, movements and individuals on these changes
  • using chronologies to observe and identify patterns where changes or continuities have occurred in Medieval Europe
  • organising changes in Early China into conditional factors and/or rank them according to the significance of the change
  • develop language to describe and explain change

  VCHHC102 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Continuity and change

• VCHHC122

  Analyse and evaluate the broad patterns of change over the period 1750–present

  Elaborations

  • using data from immigration records and processing it using ICT to identify historical trends over time
  • explaining the nature and extent of the movement of peoples in the period (slaves, convicts and settlers) and the emergence and nature of significant economic, social and political ideas in the period, including nationalism
  • analysing the extent of European imperial expansion and different responses, including in the Asian region
  • evaluating the inter-war years between World War I and World War II, including the Treaty of Versailles, the Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression
  • evaluating continuing efforts post-World War II to achieve lasting peace and security in the world, including Australia’s involvement in UN peacekeeping
  • analysing the major movements for rights and freedom in the world and evaluating the achievement of independence by former colonies
  • explaining the nature of the Cold War and Australia’s involvement in Cold War and post-Cold War conflicts (Korea, Vietnam, The Gulf Wars, Afghanistan), including the rising influence of Asian nations since the end of the Cold War
  • explaining developments in technology, public health, longevity and standard of living during the twentieth century, and concern for the environment and sustainability

  VCHHC122 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Chronology

• VCHHC104

  Evaluate the role and achievement of a significant individual, development and/or cultural achievement that led to progress

  Elaborations

  • asking questions like 'what makes this individual, development or achievement significant?', 'who decides historical significance?', 'how do you decide?', 'how significant was it to people who lived at that time?', 'how many people were affected?', 'to what extent were people’s lives changed?', 'how long lasting were the consequences?', 'how can the consequences still be felt today?' and 'what is its legacy?'
  • outlining the significance of a past event, providing reasons for the event and referring to relevant sources of evidence
  • developing criteria to evaluate significance
  • ranking individuals, their achievements, events on order of significance and justify choices
  • creating a concept map ranking the significant individuals, events, causes, effects, changes of Ancient Egypt

  VCHHC104 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Historical significance

• VCHHC056

  Identify examples of continuity and change in family life and in the local area by comparing past and present

  Elaborations

  • suggesting ideas about what objects from the past may have been used for
  • distinguishing between what is old and what is new, using such clues as the condition of the object
  • locating historical evidence of the local community including signs of the past in the present, for example, place and street names, monuments, built and non-built historical landmarks
  • identifying features of a site, such as dates, decorations and plaques on buildings, that reveal its past

  VCHHC056 | The Humanities | History | Foundation to Level 2 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Continuity and change

• VCHHK132

  Significant effects of the Industrial Revolution, including global changes in landscapes, movements of people, development and influence of ideas, political and social reforms, and transport and communication

  Elaborations

  • describing the effects of factories, mines and cities on the environment, and on population growth and distribution
  • outlining the growth of trade unions as a response to the effects of the Industrial Revolution
  • investigating and explaining the emergence and the influence of individuals and/or groups on key ideas in the period, with a particular focus on one of the following: capitalism, socialism, egalitarianism, nationalism, imperialism, Darwinism or Chartism

  VCHHK132 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The making of the modern world | Industrial Revolution (1750 – 1914)

• VCHHK159

  Changing social, cultural, historical, economic, environmental, political and technological conditions on a major global influence in Australia

  Elaborations

  • Popular culture
    • identifying American and Asian influences on Australian popular culture since World War II, for example, through mainstream and Hollywood and Bollywood films
    • investigating the changing contribution of the Australian rock ’n’ roll, film and television industries to Australian culture and identity through the development and export of music, film and television, for example, the Easybeats from Sydney, the Go-Betweens from Brisbane and ‘Crocodile Dundee’ (1986)
    • describing significant examples of continuity and change in beliefs and values, such as democratic ideals, religious beliefs, egalitarianism
  • Environment movement
    • recognising the historic impact of the pictures of Earth taken during the Apollo 8 mission and how they influenced people’s view of the world
    • explaining the significance of ideas about the environment, for example, Gaia, the limits of growth, sustainability and rights of nature
    • investigating a range of environmental effects, for example, the flooding of Lake Pedder in Tasmania, deforestation in Indonesia, the decline of the Aral Sea, the Exxon Valdez oil spill, the whaling industry
    • explaining the struggle over French nuclear weapon testing in the Pacific from 1966–1996, for example, the sinking of the Rainbow Warrior in 1985
    • evaluating the effectiveness of international protocols and treaties such as Kyoto (1997), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (since 1992) and the Washington Declaration (2007)
  • Migration experiences
    • describing the impact of the Vietnam war on Vietnam and how the communist victory in Vietnam (1975) resulted in the arrival of refugees into Australia
    • investigating policies of multiculturalism since the 1970s and the concepts of cultural heritage and assimilation
    • analysing post-World War II population growth and the development of Australia’s culturally diverse society using different types of graphs
  • Political Crisis
    • identifying and evaluating the changes to Australia as a result of the political crisis
    • using a chart or graphic organiser to categorise the changes to Australia

  VCHHK159 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The modern world and Australia | The globalising world

• VCHHK078

  The diversity and longevity of Australia’s first peoples and the significant ways Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are connected to Country and Place (land, sea, waterways and skies) and the effects on their daily lives

  Elaborations

  • examining early archaeological sites that show the longevity of the Aboriginal people, for example, Nauwalabila, Malakunanja, Devil’s Lair, Lake Mungo and Preminghana
  • mapping the diversity of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander language groups in Australia, with particular emphasis on the local area and state/territory
  • investigating pre-contact ways of life of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders people, their knowledge of their environment including land management practices, their sense of the interconnectedness of Country/Place, people, culture and identity, and some of their principles, such as caring for country, caring for each other and respecting all things
  • studying totems in the lives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and examining the differences between their totems

  VCHHK078 | The Humanities | History | Levels 3 and 4 | Historical Knowledge | First contacts

• VCHHK013

  Experience the use of technology in their lives

  Elaborations

  • experiencing and exploring technology which improves their quality of life
  • reacting and making choices in the use of technology

  VCHHK013 | The Humanities | History | Level A | Historical Knowledge | Community histories

• VCHHK094

  The different experiences and perspectives of Australian democracy and citizenship, including the status and rights of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, migrants, women, and children

  Elaborations

  • the lack of citizenship rights for Aboriginal Peoples and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in Australia, illustrated by controls on movement and residence, the forcible removal of children from their families leading to the Stolen Generations, and poor pay and working conditions
  • describing the significance of the 1962 right to vote federally and the 1967 referendum
  • investigating the stories of individuals or groups who advocated or fought for rights in twentieth-century Australia, for example, Jack Patten or the Aborigines Progressive Association
  • investigating the experiences of democracy and citizenship of women, for example, the suffragette movement, the bar on married women working, equal pay, the Sex Discrimination Act 1984
  • investigating the experiences of democracy and citizenship of migrant groups, for example, internment camps during World War II, assimilation policies, anti-discrimination legislation, mandatory detention, pay and working conditions
  • investigating the experiences of democracy and citizenship of children who were placed in orphanages, homes and other institutions, for example the nature of their food and shelter, education and contacts with family

  VCHHK094 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Knowledge | Australia as a nation

• VCHHK131

  Different experiences and perspectives of individuals or groups and how ideas, beliefs and values changed during the significant events of the Industrial Revolution

  Elaborations

  • describing the effects of steam, gas and electricity on people’s way of life during the Industrial Revolution
  • investigating the changes in working conditions, for example, longer working hours for low pay and the use of children as a cheap source of labour
  • investigating the support for Chartism among the poorer classes as a response to deteriorating living and working conditions
  • explaining how religious groups responded to the ideas in Charles Darwin’s 1859 book On the Origin of Species
  • investigating sources that record the reactions of new arrivals to other countries in this period, for example, responses to the natural environment and climate

  VCHHK131 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The making of the modern world | Industrial Revolution (1750 – 1914)

• VCHHK109

  How physical features influenced the development of the civilisation

  Elaborations

  • Egypt
    • describing the importance of the River Nile to Egyptian society, for example, inundation and farming, the worship of Hapi (god of the Nile), and the use of the Nile as a means of transportation
  • Greece
    • describing the impact of the sea and mountain ranges of Ancient Greece on the development of self-governing city-states
  • Rome
    • mapping the geography of Rome’s River Tiber and the seven hills of Rome to explain reasons for the development of the city
    • describing the methods used by the Romans to manage resources, for example the water supply through aqueducts and plumbing systems
  • India
    • describing how harmonious relationships with the natural world were reflected in Indian belief systems, for example, Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism
    • creating a graphic representation of the extent of India as a political unit at this time, including for example its diverse climatic and geographical features, types and location of food production, areas of high and low density population
  • China
    • describing the significance of the Yellow River to irrigation and the impact of features such as the Himalayas on contacts with other societies, including trade

  VCHHK109 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Knowledge | Ancient world and early civilisations – 60 000 BC (BCE) – c.650 AD (CE)

• VCHHK120

  One significant challenge and one development faced by the society that caused progress or decline

  Elaborations

  • Vikings
    • using a cause effect wheel, explain the decline of Viking power such as defeats in battle, the Battle of Stanford Bridge, treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte ending Viking raids in France, new colonies, changing climate and the spread of Christianity
  • Medieval Europe
    • analysing the causes and effects of the Black Death in Europe and Asia
    • investigating living conditions in London in the fourteenth century, for example, the lack of sanitation, crowded housing; the extent of medical knowledge, for example, based on Hippocrates’ theory; and beliefs about the power of God, for example, that diseases were a punishment of God
    • mapping the origin spread of the Black Death (Asia, Africa, Europe) in the fourteenth century CE and The role of expanding trade between Europe and Asia in the Black Death
    • evaluating the long and short term effects of the Black Death on Asian, European and African populations, and conflicting theories about the impact of the plague. Other immediate and long-term effects of the Black Death, including labour shortages, peasant uprisings, the weakening of feudal structures, and increased social mobility
    • using studies of church records from the period to identify the effect of the Black Death on human populations and to consider the reliability of these statistics
    • using a graphic organiser to identify and describe short-term and long-term effects of the Black Death in Europe and draw conclusions about the severity over time
  • Ottoman Empire
    • examining the significance of the Crusades in challenging Ottoman Empire and their responses to the challenge
    • analysing the causes and effects of the Black Death in Europe and Asia.
    • mapping the origin spread of the Black Death (Asia, Africa, Europe) in the fourteenth century CE and The role of expanding trade between Europe and Asia in the Black Death
    • evaluating the long and short term effects of the Black Death on Asian, European and African populations, and conflicting theories about the impact of the plague. Other immediate and long-term effects of the Black Death, including expansion of the Ottoman Empire, labour shortages, peasant uprisings, the weakening of feudal structures, and increased social mobility
    • categorising the effects of the Black Death on the Ottoman Empire using a graphic organiser to identify and describe the effects as either short-term or long-term and drawing conclusions about the severity of the Black Death
  • Angkor/Khmer Empire
    • analysing reasons for the decline of the Khmer Empire
    • discussing theories about the causes and/or contributing factors to the decline the Khmer Empire for example, Tai invasions,  economic decline as a result of Jayavarman VII’s building program, population growth and attempts to control trade routes, religious revolution through the rise of Theravada Buddhism, internal political tension, environmental challenges such as soil sterilisation, over-intensified land use, the development of an unstable climate such as drought and monsoons and the breakdown of Angkor’s water management system
  • Mongol Expansion
    • analysing reasons for the decline of the Mongol Empire
    • analysing the causes and effects of the Black Death in Europe and Asia. The Black Death began in the densely inhabited Mongol dominions from 1313 to 1331. This disastrous plague devastated all khanates, cutting off commercial ties and resulting in the death of millions
  • Japan under the Shoguns
    • examining the theories about the decline of the Shogunate, including modernisation and westernisation, through the adoption of Western arms and technology
    • describing internal pressures in Shogunate Japan, for example, the rise of a commercial class at the expense of the samurai, peasant uprisings such as Osaka 1837, and famine
    • describing the increasing exposure to Western technology and ideas, for example, the establishment of a naval school with Dutch instructors, the translation of Western books
    • evaluating the significance of the Meiji Restoration of 1868 CE that restored imperial rule to Japan
  • Polynesian Expansion
    • investigating the way Polynesian societies used environmental resources (sustainably and unsustainably), including the extinction of the moa in New Zealand, the use of religious/supernatural threats to conserve resources, and the exploitation of Easter Island’s palm trees
    • researching the extinction of the moa in New Zealand as a result of hunting and habitat decline
    • explaining the significance of Rahui as a way of prohibiting the collection of resources, to ensure their sustainability
    • evaluating the evidence for theories about the deforestation of Easter Island (Rapa Nui)
  • Renaissance Italy
    • explaining the causes and effects of the spread of Renaissance culture to the rest of Europe, and its legacy
    • outlining the spread of Renaissance culture to England, for example, the rise of literature through Shakespeare
  • Spanish Conquest
    • using a fishbone to explain the conquest on the Aztecs or Incas as well as on the wider world, such as the introduction of new diseases, horses and gunpowder in the Americas, and new foods and increased wealth in Europe
    • outlining the effects of Spanish conquest on the Americas, for example, the spread of disease due to the lack of immunity; the introduction of crops such as maize, beans, potatoes, tobacco and chocolate from the Americas to Europe, the Encomieda system, mining
    • explaining the longer-term effects of conquest and colonisation on the indigenous populations of the Americas, for example, the unequal distribution of land and wealth, and political inequality, rise of the Spanish language

  VCHHK120 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Knowledge | Middle Ages and early exploration

• VCHHK110

  Changes in society and the perspectives of key groups affected by change including the influence of law and religion

  Elaborations

  • Egypt
    • distinguishing between groups using historical sources such as the nobility, bureaucracy, women, and slaves in hieroglyphics
    • creating a graphic representation of the social structure of Egyptian society
    • outlining the rights of women, for example, in the areas of marriage, family life, work and education, and their responsibilities, that is, generally limited to the home and family
  • Greece
    • examining evidence of the social structure of Athenian or Spartan society, for example, the roles of citizens, women, slaves in Athenian society and the roles of Spartiates, Perioikoi and Helots in Spartan society
    • outlining the rights of citizens in ancient Athens, for example, the right to vote, their responsibilities, for example, military service, attending assembly meetings, and the invention of freedom
  • Rome
    • examining the evidence of the social structure of Roman society, for example, the roles of patricians, plebeians, women and slaves in the city of Rome, and the idea of Republican virtue and its historical resonance
    • describing the significance of slavery in the period of the Roman Empire, for example, the acquisition of slaves through warfare, the use of slaves as gladiators and agricultural labourers, and the rise of freedmen
  • India
    • creating a graphic representation of the social structure of Indian society
    • explaining the social structure of India, including the role of Brahmins – priests, teachers, Kshatriyas – kings, warriors, Vaishyas – merchants, artisans, Shudras – labourers, peasants
  • China
    • creating a graphic representation of the social structure of Chinese society such as kings, emperors, scholars, farmers, craftsmen, women
    • outlining the rights and responsibilities of women, for example, in the areas of marriage, family life, work and education

  VCHHK110 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Knowledge | Ancient world and early civilisations – 60 000 BC (BCE) – c.650 AD (CE)

• VCHHK118

  Perspectives of subject peoples and their interactions with power and/or authority of others

  Elaborations

  • Vikings
    • comparing different perspectives of monks, changes in the way of life of the English, and the Norman invasion
    • explaining the attacks on monasteries, for example Lindisfarne (793 CE) and Iona (795 CE) and reviewing the written accounts by monks that contributed to the Vikings' reputation for pillage and violence
    • explaining the survival of a heroic Iron Age society in Early Medieval Ireland, as described in the vernacular epics, and its transformation by the spread of Christianity; the influence of the Vikings; the Anglo-Norman conquest
    • investigating the remains of Viking settlements, for example, Dublin (Ireland) and Jorvik (York)
  • Medieval Europe
    • investigating different types of crime and punishment, for example, trial by combat as a privilege granted to the nobility; being hanged, drawn and quartered as a punishment for heinous crimes such as treason, and the use of the ducking stool as a punishment for women
    • explaining the ways in which the nature of crime and punishment stayed the same or changed over time
  • Ottoman Empire
    • discussing why the Ottoman Empire practiced religious tolerance
    • outlining the millet system that regarded non-Muslim people as subjects, but as not being subject to Muslim law
    • explaining the tolerance of the Ottomans towards Christians and Jews
  • Angkor/Khmer Empire
    • evaluating the perspectives of Angkor trough stone carvings and the writings of the Chinese Ambassador Zhou Daguan, for example, in relation to fishing, trading in markets, temple construction
  • Mongol Expansion
    • describing the way of life in Mongolia and its incorporation into Chinese life. For example agriculture (domestication of animals such as horses, camels and cattle); food (dried meat and yoghurt); and housing (yurts)
    • explaining the role of the Mongols in forging connections between Europe and Asia through conquest, settlement and trade, for example, the use of paper money and coinage; the growing number of European merchants travelling to China
  • Japan under the Shoguns
    • examining extracts from Sei Shonagon’s <i>The Pillow Book</i> and extract points/quotes that explain what life was like for women
  • Polynesian Expansion
    • examining artefacts such as Lapita pottery from Vanuatu or tapa cloth or ship building techniques to give insights into those societies
  • Renaissance Italy
    • using primary sources to analyse the relationships between rulers and ruled in one Italian city-state such as Florence, Venice or Naples
  • Spanish Conquest
    • using sources examine the nature of the interaction between the Spanish and the indigenous populations, with a particular focus on either the Aztecs or Incas
    • describing encounters between Hernan Cortes and the Aztecs, as well as the siege of Tenochtitlan

  VCHHK118 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Knowledge | Middle Ages and early exploration

• VCHHK089

  The nature of convict or colonial presence, including the factors that influenced changing patterns of development, how the environment changed, and aspects of the daily life of the inhabitants, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

  Elaborations

  • investigating colonial life to discover what life was like at that time for different inhabitants, for example, a European family and an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander Language group, a convict and a free settler, a sugar cane farmer and an indentured labourer, in terms of clothing, diet, leisure, paid and unpaid work, language, housing and children’s lives
  • mapping local, regional and state/territory rural and urban settlement patterns in the 1800s, and noting factors such as geographical features, climate, water resources, the discovery of gold, transport and access to port facilities that shaped these patterns
  • investigating the impact of settlement on the environment, for example, comparing the present and past landscape and the flora and fauna of the local community

  VCHHK089 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Knowledge | The Australian colonies