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• VCCCTQ064

  Use past experience to inform choice making and responses

  Elaborations

  • reacting to sensory input in the environment and using personal preference to make choices
  • beginning to match things that are the same and developing consistency in reactions and responses
  • becoming familiar with everyday routines and responding to basic familiar routines, environmental changes and people

  VCCCTQ064 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Level B | Questions and Possibilities

• VCCCTQ032

  Consider how to approach and use questions that have different elements, including factual, temporal and conceptual elements

  Elaborations

  • identifying whether questions about a prequel or main film or written text should be answered first and explaining why
  • discussing the importance of defining key terms in a question, identifying them and explaining which should be defined first, for example when investigating daily lives of people in Ancient Greece
  • using the purpose of an inquiry to consider choices that can be made when constructing questions about it, for example, sustainable food production techniques in Australia

  VCCCTQ032 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Questions and Possibilities

• VCCCTQ033

  Suspend judgements temporarily and consider how preconceptions may limit ideas and alternatives

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on whether any preconceptions such as safety or ‘price point’ can be used to test the quality of ideas
  • challenging the inclusion of a feature of an object taken for granted, such as a lid on toothpaste tubes, and how this expands ideas for product innovations
  • investigating an issue such as improvements to liveability of another place, and exploring how differences in places mean that preconceptions should be suspended
  • identifying their preconceptions about a particular text and considering the influence of these preconceptions on how they react to an adaptation of the text, for example to a film adaptation of a novel
  • exploring barriers and enablers for the greater inclusion of voices, for example in issues concerning lowering the voting age or setting gender quotas and how greater or less inclusion might affect the range of useful ideas

  VCCCTQ033 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Questions and Possibilities

• VCCCTQ044

  Suspend judgements to allow new possibilities to emerge and investigate how this can broaden ideas and solutions

  Elaborations

  • comparing a creative process that quickly follows initial judgements to one that intentionally suspends judgements over a period of time and reflecting on the quality of the ideas produced
  • exploring optimum conditions for an ‘incubation period’ when problem-solving, for example ‘sleeping on it’, or undertaking a distracting menial task and then returning to the problem
  • using technology for experimenting with the relationships between compositions of functions, such as resultant shapes and behaviours, which may then be used in modelling and understanding a range of real-world phenomena

  VCCCTQ044 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 9 and 10 | Questions and Possibilities

• VCCCTQ073

  Explore how past experience influences thinking and reactions to situations

  Elaborations

  • using everyday problems and situations to explore personal reactions to situations and how this can affect their response
  • exploring how prior knowledge and past experience can be used to make predictions and understand the world around them
  • exploring how prior knowledge and past experience can be used to solve problems

  VCCCTQ073 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Level C | Questions and Possibilities

• VCCCTQ011

  Explore reactions to a given situation or problem and consider the effect of pre-established preferences

  Elaborations

  • examining health messages about particular foods and reflecting on whether their reaction to the message is influenced by whether they like the food or not
  • examining how a particular win/loss record might establish expectations for future outcomes
  • making predictions, for example about the buoyancy of objects in different liquids, then posing questions such as ‘how did our previous knowledge about the buoyancy of an object affect our predictions?’

  VCCCTQ011 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 3 and 4 | Questions and Possibilities

• VCCCTQ012

  Investigate different techniques to sort facts and extend known ideas to generate novel and imaginative ideas

  Elaborations

  • using a table to compare observable features of living, non-living and once living things; creating a checklist of what makes something living; and using the table and checklist to imagine a new living creature
  • using a technique such as ‘SCAMPER’ to generate novel ideas for the use of particular objects, for example adapting an object originally intended for cooking to be a musical instrument
  • exploring the technique of breaking down a movement sequence into its smaller parts and then rethinking the combination of those parts when creating a new movement sequence
  • exploring strategies to determine the strength of rules to explain patterns of numbers or shapes

  VCCCTQ012 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 3 and 4 | Questions and Possibilities

• VCCCTR047

  Examine how to identify and analyse suppressed premises and assumptions

  Elaborations

  • analysing inferences and the assumptions they are based on and discussing if these are justified
  • discussing a claim that an assumption is ‘self-evident’ and does not need to be separately argued for, for example that projected rapid population growth will decrease food security
  • supplying a suppressed premise in order to fill a gap in an argument and justifying the selection

  VCCCTR047 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 9 and 10 | Reasoning

• VCCCTR017

  Explore distinctions when organising and sorting information and ideas from a range of sources

  Elaborations

  • discussing what things have in common and what is different and identifying the differences as distinctions, for example comparing music instruments from different cultures
  • using a graphic organiser to identify the category that things have in common and the differences within the category and reporting on the distinctions, for example categorising materials as solid or liquid and identifying differences within each category
  • discussing why distinctions may need to be made when developing a packaging design solution, for example to find the material that is the strongest or most durable; most environmental friendly; cheapest

  VCCCTR017 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 3 and 4 | Reasoning

• VCCCTR039

  Examine how to select appropriate criteria and how criteria are used in clarifying and challenging arguments and ideas

  Elaborations

  • examining arguments for and against a proposal such as changes to the law related to compulsory wearing of a bike helmet and clarifying whether each argument uses the same or different criteria and how this affects the ability to meaningfully compare the arguments
  • comparing the clarity of ideas formed with and without criteria and discussing their usefulness, for example comparing the quality of feedback that would be received against given criteria with an open response
  • identifying considerations that influence selection of criteria, such as considering the nature of the “horror” genre when identifying criteria to compare works within the “horror” genre

  VCCCTR039 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Reasoning

• VCCCTR015

  Investigate why and when the consequences of a point of view should be considered

  Elaborations

  • discussing consequences of different alternatives and why doing this is useful, for example, to enable a plan to minimise negative impacts on people or the environment
  • considering when consequences of actions might need to be explicitly deliberated, for example when actions affect more than one group or individual; or, could involve risk or harm; or, are aimed at achieving a specific goal or design solution
  • distinguishing between good and bad consequences from different points of view

  VCCCTR015 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 3 and 4 | Reasoning

• VCCCTR037

  Investigate when counter examples might be used in expressing a point of view

  Elaborations

  • discussing whether exceptions to a rule affect its strength, for example in testing technological solutions and considering the number of times the solution failed and how it failed
  • identifying reasons for seeking counter examples in evaluating arguments, for example to mitigate confirmation bias, or to identify the limits of a claim

  VCCCTR037 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Reasoning

• VCCCTR049

  Consider ambiguity and equivocation and how they affect the strength of arguments

  Elaborations

  • identifying phrases or words in an argument that are misleading because they do not contain a single meaning and discussing which meaning serves the argument better
  • discussing why ambiguity and/or equivocation might be deliberately used in a point of view, for example to express humour
  • examining strategies to resolve ambiguities such as declaring a definition or making context clearer

  VCCCTR049 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 9 and 10 | Reasoning

• VCECD018

  Discuss the role of context and experience in ethical decision-making and actions

  Elaborations

  • discussing the impact of experience on the decisions of a character in response to ethical problems over the course of a narrative, for example, Lockie Leonard
  • investigating why people may apply different reasoning in different circumstances , for example, in situations involving friends or strangers, work or leisure, or different places or cultures
  • using examples of acts to investigate whether there are exceptions to claims such as ‘failure is never good’, ‘fighting is always wrong’, ‘selfishness is never good’, ‘caring is always good’ and considering the importance of context and experience in justifications for exceptions, for example, failure of a physical challenge versus a medical operation, fighting a war versus fighting in a brawl, aiming to win a game versus maximising profit, and doing something for someone when they are injured versus not injured

  VCECD018 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Decision Making and Actions

• VCECD013

  Discuss the role and significance of conscience and reasoning in ethical decision-making

  Elaborations

  • defining conscience and discussing examples where conscience could influence reasoning and decision-making, such as when faced with an opportunity to gain by doing the wrong thing, with little likelihood of getting caught, for example acknowledging the use of someone else’s ideas, tampering with evidence or data, or accessing internet content without paying

  VCECD013 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Decision Making and Actions

• VCECU019

  Investigate the connections and distinctions between and the relative value of concepts including fairness and equality, and respect and tolerance

  Elaborations

  • discussing whether fairness and equality are the same thing, and if not, which is more important, using examples such as affirmative action, concessions for those with special needs, or differences in tax rates
  • discussing whether there are distinctions in attitudes of respect and tolerance, in relation to, for example, different views on child vaccination
  • discussing why punishments may be unequal and whether this is fair, for example, if applied to the same case in court or in a sporting tribunal

  VCECU019 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding Concepts

• VCECU004

  Explore the contested meaning of concepts including fairness and harm and how they can seem to differ in different situations

  Elaborations

  • testing a proposed definition of fairness as equal treatment by considering whether an older sibling should do more at home or whether there should be special parking places
  • testing a proposed definition of harm as involving a deliberate intention that caused mental or physical suffering, by considering whether an accidental injury to someone on the playground is harmful or whether taking offence to teasing or a joke is a choice
  • exploring the concept of fairness by setting a task where resources are distributed unevenly and reflecting on the desirability of the outcomes

  VCECU004 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding Concepts

• VCECU006

  Discuss the ways to identify ethical considerations in a range of problems

  Elaborations

  • considering questions such as ‘does this matter and why?’, ‘is this about something where the outcome can be judged good, bad, right or wrong?’ for usefulness in identifying an ethical problem
  • identifying an ethical problem, such as whether to help a friend or stranger first and considering questions such as ‘Who is involved and how are they likely to be affected?’ and ‘Does this involve breaking a rule or other commitment?’
  • using if…then reasoning to identify possible consequences as an ethical consideration in a situation, for example, if animals thought to be cuter were protected ahead of other animals then…

  VCECU006 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding Concepts

• VCECU021

  Distinguish between the ethical and non-ethical dimensions of complex issues, including the distinction between ethical and legal issues

  Elaborations

  • assessing a complex ethical issue that is, one, such as euthanasia, that involves more than one question and area of contestability, a range of diverse people, and/or is part of a wider problem or historical context, to discriminate and explain those features that are of ethical significance, using these questions: who is involved, what are their intentions and what gave rise to the intention (including relevant dispositions)?, Is there something inherently right or wrong in the act itself or interpretation of the issue?, Is there a duty at stake (for example arising out of a perceived right or a particular relationship such as friend to friend, parent to child or doctor to patient)?, What are the possible consequences?, Who is likely to be affected?
  • examining and comparing the ethical significance of codes of conduct, protocols, and legal responsibilities as preparation for undertaking research or working collaboratively
  • exploring a response to an issue such as the use of someone else’s ideas, conditions of factory workers overseas, or the rescuing of adventurers, to identify if there is no legal, but arguably an ethical, obligation

  VCECU021 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding Concepts

• VCICCB001

  Identify what is familiar and what is different in the ways culturally diverse individuals and families live

  Elaborations

  • noting information from stories that identify similarities and differences between families from a range of places including stories from students in the class and in stories about children in other places
  • identifying how people express a familiar cultural practice, such as the food eaten at different celebrations, or the songs sung at a celebration
  • sharing stories about familiar cultural practices from home and describing their importance to the family
  • comparing the words students use for their grandparents, such as Nanna/Pop, Grandma/Grandpa; Nonna/Nonno (Italian); Yaya/Pappous (Greek)

  VCICCB001 | Capabilities | Intercultural Capability | Foundation to Level 2 | Cultural Practices