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• VCEALL261

  Use pronunciation and some non-verbal features to support communication

  Elaborations

  • attending to intonation and tone to distinguish between questions, instructions and statements
  • recognising and imitating features of sounds and intonation in the speech of the teacher and peers, and in video or audio clips
  • expressing emotions through intonation, for example happiness or anger

  VCEALL261 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL442

  Understand and use the appropriate metalanguage to talk about the structures and features of a text

  Elaborations

  • labelling parts of a text, such as ‘chapter’, ‘index’, ‘orientation’
  • locating features that help to structure a text, for example highlighting and labelling pronouns or conjunctions

  VCEALL442 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL687

  Use time signals to link extended speech

  Elaborations

  • indicating the relationship between events by using time signals
  • using extended phrases to indicate time, such as ‘Before we started the experiment, we ...’, ‘At the end of this talk, I’ll …’

  VCEALL687 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL631

  Self-correct and improve aspects of pronunciation that impede communication

  Elaborations

  • identifying specific words in a text that may pose pronunciation problems, based on specific guidance from the teacher, such as ‘Find all the words ending in “s”’
  • asking for support with communication, such as ‘What is the difference between “walk” and “work”?’

  VCEALL631 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL560

  Choose correct syntactic forms for questions, statements and commands

  Elaborations

  • beginning questions with question words such as ‘who’, ‘what’, ‘when’, ‘how’
  • using auxiliary verbs with some accuracy to construct simple open, closed, positive and negative questions, for example ‘Do you like running?’, ‘Why can’t you eat that?’
  • constructing positive and negative statements using subject + verb, for example ‘I finished’ and ‘The bus arrived’
  • beginning commands with an imperative verb, for example ‘Come over here’, ‘Bring that’

  VCEALL560 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL282

  Use some of the terminology of reading

  Elaborations

  • understanding terminology such as ‘author’, ‘title’, ‘letter’, ‘word’, ‘sentence’
  • identifying features of a text in answer to questions such as ‘Who is the author of this book?’

  VCEALL282 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL253

  Use simple conjunctions

  Elaborations

  • using a small range of simple conjunctions such as ‘and’ and ‘but’
  • formulating basic compound sentences with the most common conjunctions, for example ‘I caught a bus and then walked’

  VCEALL253 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL414

  Use appropriate sequence markers

  Elaborations

  • understanding sequence markers in spoken texts and using these to order written text or pictures
  • structuring own spoken texts, such as recounts, procedures or explanations, using a range of sequence markers, such as ‘first’, ‘finally’, ‘until’, ‘when’

  VCEALL414 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL320

  Use basic software functions to present text

  Elaborations

  • using a keyboard to type capital and lower-case letters, numbers and basic punctuation marks
  • typing letters, numbers, symbols and words, copying from a print text
  • using simple editing functions such as inserting or deleting a word, and formatting functions such as making text bold or changing the colour

  VCEALL320 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL396

  Select some descriptive vocabulary appropriate to context

  Elaborations

  • choosing synonyms for different contexts, such as ‘huge’ for ‘big’ or ‘entertaining’ for ‘fun’
  • beginning to understand when to use subjective language (for example in personal texts) and objective language (for example in factual texts)

  VCEALL396 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL444

  Interpret the meaning of written text that uses a range of tenses and negation

  Elaborations

  • identifying the base word and understanding the effect of more complex tense and negation, for example in ‘had not arrived yet’
  • identifying simple passive constructions and comparing them to active constructions, such as ‘We read the book’ and ‘The book was read by our class’
  • transforming sentences from a text into negatives or different tenses

  VCEALL444 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL419

  Assess the grammatical correctness of own utterances and attempt some self-correction

  Elaborations

  • noticing errors with pronunciation, vocabulary choice or grammar, and attempting to correct these
  • attending to the body language, facial expressions and speech of listeners to determine whether meaning has been understood
  • seeking assistance or feedback from speech partners to formulate or confirm corrected expressions

  VCEALL419 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL342

  Use pronunciation and non-verbal features to support communication

  Elaborations

  • imitating features of the speech of others, including the teacher, peers and speakers in video or audio clips
  • practising pronunciation, rhythm and intonation by repeating words, phrases and sentences

  VCEALL342 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL160

  Adjust size of writing, colour, layout and choice of media to support meaning

  Elaborations

  • following model texts or templates to lay out learnt text types
  • separating ideas in texts by leaving a line or writing a heading
  • locating images close to relevant written information
  • using a basic software application to format a digital text, for example headings in a larger font, images placed near relevant text

  VCEALL160 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL237

  Spell a number of high-frequency words accurately

  Elaborations

  • spelling some high-frequency words accurately from memory, including own name and short words used regularly, such as ‘it’, ‘my’, ‘we’
  • representing words by their initial letter, such as ‘b’ for ‘book’

  VCEALL237 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL236

  Apply common conventions when copying or writing texts

  Elaborations

  • writing legibly and consistently in different contexts and using different implements
  • writing from left to right and top to bottom
  • using ruled lines to guide writing on the page

  VCEALL236 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL663

  Link ideas using a range of basic cohesive devices

  Elaborations

  • using an expanding range of coordinating conjunctions (such as ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘so’), for example ‘I caught the bus and then walked to the pool so I could go swimming’
  • using a range of common subordinating conjunctions (such as ‘since’, ‘because’, ‘before’), for example ‘Because it was getting dark, we left before the show finished’
  • creating short chains of reference using pronouns, for example ‘The doctor … she ... her patients …’
  • using pronouns in more complex sentences, although sometimes creating ambiguity, for example ‘Dad found my dog and he was so happy’

  VCEALL663 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL622

  Use a small variety of text types for curriculum areas

  Elaborations

  • understanding and using structural features of some texts used in different curriculum areas, such as procedures, reports, formal speeches
  • following a logical structure when producing spoken texts, for example with an introduction, sequenced information, conclusion

  VCEALL622 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL649

  Use syntactic, logical and cultural cues to work out the meaning of unknown words in a text

  Elaborations

  • using other information in the text, such as syntactical patterns (for example the arrangement of words in sentences ‘The boy jumped happily’ and ‘The boy happily jumped’), consistent use of words and cultural cues to deduce meanings
  • drawing on home language knowledge of culture to deduce meanings of words or phrases

  VCEALL649 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL022

  Express simple negation with varying accuracy

  Elaborations

  • expressing negation using ‘no’ or ‘not’ with some errors, for example ‘I no like vegetable’, ‘I not go’
  • using ‘no’ or ‘not’ with adjectives or nouns to express negative forms, such as ‘No hot today’, ‘Not me’

  VCEALL022 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features