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• VCDSCD053

  Use project management processes to coordinate production of designed solutions

  Elaborations

  • explaining and interpreting drawings, planning and production steps needed to produce products, services or environments for specific purposes
  • organising time, evaluating decisions and managing resources to ensure successful project completion and protection of the work space and local environment
  • investigating the time needed for each step of production
  • identifying and managing risks in the development of various projects, for example assessing uncertainty and risk in relation to long-term health and environmental impacts

  VCDSCD053 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Creating Designed Solutions | Planning and managing

• VCDSCD052

  Independently develop criteria for success to evaluate design ideas, processes and solutions and their sustainability

  Elaborations

  • developing criteria for success to assess the success of designed solutions in terms of aesthetics, functionality and sustainability
  • considering how to improve technical expertise
  • evaluating designed solutions and processes and transferring new knowledge and skills to future design projects

  VCDSCD052 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Creating Designed Solutions | Evaluating

• VCDSCD051

  Effectively and safely use a broad range of materials, components, tools, equipment and techniques to produce designed solutions

  Elaborations

  • using technical production skills and safe working practices with independence to produce quality solutions designed for sustainability
  • practising techniques to improve expertise, for example handling animals, cutting and joining materials
  • developing innovative ways of manipulating technologies using traditional and contemporary materials, components, tools, equipment and techniques and considering alternatives including emerging technologies that could be substituted to reduce waste or time

  VCDSCD051 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Creating Designed Solutions | Producing

• VCDSCD049

  Critique needs or opportunities for designing and investigate, analyse and select from a range of materials, components, tools, equipment and processes to develop design ideas

  Elaborations

  • considering community needs when identifying opportunities for designing, for example gardens for a community centre, cost effective food service for a sport club
  • experimenting with traditional and contemporary technologies when developing designs, and discovering the advantages and disadvantages of each approach
  • investigating emerging technologies and their potential impact on design decisions, for example flame retardant fabrics or smart materials such as self-healing materials, digital technologies and agriculture
  • examining, testing and evaluating a variety of suitable materials, components, tools and equipment for each design project, for example the differences between natural hardwood and plantation softwood timbers, which determine their suitability for particular uses related to durability, for example interior or exterior use
  • evaluating the viability of using different techniques and materials in remote, isolated areas, or less developed countries
  • selecting appropriate materials to acknowledge sustainability requirements by using life cycle thinking

  VCDSCD049 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Creating Designed Solutions | Investigating

• VCDSCD050

  Generate, develop and test design ideas, plans and processes using appropriate technical terms and technologies including graphical representation techniques

  Elaborations

  • using a variety of critical and creative thinking strategies such as brainstorming, sketching, 3-D modelling and experimenting to generate innovative design ideas
  • considering which ideas to further explore and investigating the benefits and drawbacks of ideas, for example using digital polling to capture the views of different groups in the community
  • identifying factors that may hinder or enhance project development, for example intercultural understanding
  • developing models, prototypes or samples using a range of materials, tools and equipment to test the functionality of ideas
  • producing annotated concept sketches and drawings, using: technical terms, scale, symbols, pictorial and aerial views to draw environments; production drawings, orthogonal drawings; patterns and templates to explain design ideas
  • documenting and communicating the generation of design ideas for an intended audience, for example developing a digital portfolio with images and text which clearly communicates each step of a design process

  VCDSCD050 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Creating Designed Solutions | Generating

• VCDSTC045

  Analyse how motion, force and energy are used to manipulate and control electromechanical systems when creating simple, engineered solutions

  Elaborations

  • investigating influences impacting on manufactured products and processes such as historical developments, society, new materials, control systems and biomimicry, for example the development of velcro
  • experimenting to select the most appropriate principles and systems on which to base design ideas, for example structural components to be tested for strength
  • calculating an engineered system’s outputs, for example speed, brightness of light, volume of sound
  • producing prototypes and jigs to test functionality, including the use of rapid prototyping tools such as 3D printers
  • using code to control systems, for example code to program a microcontroller or a simple, object-based coding application to program a system such as a remote-controlled car or simple robotic arm
  • investigating components, tools and equipment for example testing the durability of batteries, determining the effective range of wireless devices

  VCDSTC045 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Technologies Contexts | Engineering principles and systems

• VCDSTC048

  Analyse ways to create designed solutions through selecting and combining characteristics and properties of materials, systems, components, tools and equipment

  Elaborations

  • investigating aspects of technologies specialisations, for example in architecture, critiquing the design of an existing building to identify features of passive design or in fashion, evaluating the sustainability of different fibres
  • investigating and selecting from a broad range of technologies − materials, systems, components, tools and equipment − when designing for a range of technologies contexts
  • considering the ways in which the characteristics and properties of technologies will impact on designed solutions, for example the choice of building materials and housing design in Australia and the countries of Asia; the properties of textile fibres and fabrics determine end use
  • considering safe work practices, for example producing a safety information video that details risk management practices for using a piece of equipment in the classroom or within a community
  • evaluating designed solutions for the individual and the community considering ethics and social factors, for example a short video encouraging individuals to increase their use of public transport in the local area
  • evaluating environments that have been designed in consultation with community groups, for example a bush tucker community garden developed in consultation with local Elders

  VCDSTC048 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Technologies Contexts | Materials and technologies specialisations

• VCDSTC046

  Analyse how food and fibre are produced when creating managed environments and how these can become more sustainable

  Elaborations

  • comparing land and water management methods in contemporary Australian food and fibre production with traditional Aboriginal systems and countries of Asia, for example minimum-tillage cropping, water-efficient irrigation
  • investigating the management of plant and animal growth through natural means and with the use of chemical products like herbicides and medicines when producing food and fibre products
  • recognising the need to increase food production using cost efficient, ethical and sustainable production techniques
  • describing physical and chemical characteristics of soil and their effects on plant growth when producing food and fibre products
  • investigating different animal feeding strategies such as grazing and supplementary feeding, and their effects on product quality, for example meat tenderness, wool fibre diameter (micron), milk fat and protein content when producing food and fibre products
  • recognising the importance of food and fibre production to Australia’s food security and economy including exports and imports to and from Asia when critiquing and exploring food and fibre production

  VCDSTC046 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Technologies Contexts | Food and fibre production

• VCDSTC047

  Analyse how characteristics and properties of food determine preparation techniques and presentation when creating solutions for healthy eating

  Elaborations

  • examining the relationship between food preparation techniques and the impact on nutrient value, for example steaming or frying vegetables
  • investigating how a recipe can be modified to enhance nutrient benefits, and justifying decisions, for example by replacing animal fats with vegetable fats
  • analysing food preparation techniques used in different cultures including those from the Asia region and the impact of these on nutrient retention, aesthetics, taste and palatability, for example stir-frying or steaming
  • explaining how food preparation techniques impact on the sensory properties (flavour, appearance, texture, aroma) of food, for example the browning of cut fruit, the absorption of water when cooking rice

  VCDSTC047 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Technologies Contexts | Food specialisations

• VCDSTS044

  Investigate the ways in which designed solutions evolve locally, nationally, regionally and globally through the creativity, innovation and enterprise of individuals and groups

  Elaborations

  • exploring how designed solutions have changed over time and predicting future developments, for example home entertainment, communications or food packaging
  • considering the rights and responsibilities of those working in design and technologies occupations, for example consideration of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander protocols
  • exploring the use and development of systems for navigating unfamiliar environments, for example a service to help tourists engage with a heritage area
  • investigating traditional and contemporary design and technologies, including from Asia, and predicting how they might change in the future in response to factors such as social change and the need for more sustainable patterns of living
  • identifying needs and new opportunities for design and enterprise, for example promotion and marketing of designed solutions
  • investigating how developments in materials, tools and equipment influence designed solutions

  VCDSTS044 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Technologies and Society

• VCDSTS043

  Examine and prioritise competing factors including social, ethical, economic and sustainability considerations in the development of technologies and designed solutions to meet community needs for preferred futures

  Elaborations

  • considering factors that influence the selection of appropriate materials, components, tools and equipment, for example Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ sustainable practices, custodianship and connection to Country
  • investigating how ethics, social values, profitability and sustainability considerations impact on design and technologies, for example animal welfare, intellectual property, off-shore manufacturing in Asia
  • analysing an environment to decide if it meets personal or community needs, for example consulting with family members when designing an enhancement to an indoor or outdoor home environment
  • critiquing competing factors that influence the design of services, for example a natural disaster warning system for a community
  • investigating the ethics of using surveillance systems while balancing privacy, security and safety concerns

  VCDSTS043 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Technologies and Society

• VCDTCD040

  Define and decompose real-world problems taking into account functional requirements and sustainability (economic, environmental, social), technical and usability constraints

  Elaborations

  • determining the factors that influence proposed solution ideas, for example user age affects the language used for instructions, dexterity affects the size of buttons and links, hearing or vision loss influence captioned or audio-described multimedia as alternative ways that common information is presented on a website
  • investigating types of environmental constraints on solutions, for example reducing energy consumption and on-screen output of solutions
  • identifying that problems can be decomposed into sub elements, for example creating a decision tree to represent the breakdown and relationships of sub elements to the main problem or identifying the elements of game design such as characters, movements, collisions and scoring
  • starting from a simplified system, gradually increase complexity until a model of a real-world system is developed, and record the difficulties associated with each stage of development

  VCDTCD040 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD043

  Develop and modify programs with user interfaces involving branching, iteration and functions using a general-purpose programming language

  Elaborations

  • developing and modifying digital solutions by implementing instructions contained in algorithms using a programming language
  • developing a digital game that manipulates models of real-world objects
  • programming a robot to recognise particular objects and to treat them differently, for example to choose objects based on colour
  • creating digital solutions that provide user navigation and prompts with controlled repetitions, for example an information kiosk that has layers of buttons and prompts the user three times before returning to the beginning

  VCDTCD043 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD041

  Design the user experience of a digital system, generating, evaluating and communicating alternative designs

  Elaborations

  • designing the user interface of a solution using a range of design tools, for example using a storyboard to explain the stages of a game, and wire-frames and mock-ups to describe the appearance of a solution
  • identifying features that make an effective game, such as storyline, goal, reward, gameplay and environment
  • identifying similar digital systems and their user interfaces, assessing whether user interface elements can be re-used
  • devising criteria and comparing alternative design ideas that address a problem, for example evaluating two design outlines on the basis of attractiveness, ergonomics, ease of use, emotional satisfaction and accessibility
  • applying the principles and elements of design to a series of solutions to evaluate the success of each solution in holding the viewer’s attention, for example identifying which colour combinations or framing of visual elements keep different audiences engaged with on-screen activity

  VCDTCD041 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD042

  Design algorithms represented diagrammatically and in English, and trace algorithms to predict output for a given input and to identify errors

  Elaborations

  • investigating and designing some common algorithms, such as to search, sequence, sort, merge and control data structures
  • checking the accuracy of an algorithm before it is implemented, for example desk checking it with test data to see if the instructions produce the expected results
  • using diagrams to describe key decisions, for example creating flowcharts using digital systems to describe a set of computational instructions
  • using structured English to express algorithmic instructions, for example using conventional statements such as ‘while’ and ‘endwhile’ in a ‘while loop’ when describing interactive instruction

  VCDTCD042 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD044

  Evaluate how well student-developed solutions and existing information systems meet needs, are innovative and take account of future risks and sustainability

  Elaborations

  • comparing student-developed solutions with existing solutions that solve similar problems, for example identifying differences in the user interface of two adventure games and explaining how these differences affect the usability or appeal of the game
  • judging the quality of a student-developed solution based on specific criteria such as meeting an economic need or contributing to social sustainability
  • investigating what features of touch input rather than keyboard or mouse input contribute to their success in meeting a wide range of needs, for example mimicking a common movement such as expanding or contracting a hand to change the size of an object on screen, suits users with a range of dexterity
  • evaluating the success of information systems in meeting an economic, environmental or social objective, for example interviewing a local business owner to find out how effectively their information system supports a business objective such as increasing market share
  • considering the effects of e-waste on societies and environments, for example the impacts of toxic chemicals when hardware is disposed of, and the practice of dumping unwanted digital systems overseas, particularly in the Asia region
  • comparing cloud-based information systems to client-based information systems on the basis of security of transmitted and stored data and energy costs

  VCDTCD044 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTDI037

  Acquire data from a range of sources and evaluate their authenticity, accuracy and timeliness

  Elaborations

  • designing a search engine query to find specific information on the web and checking its accuracy against information contained in other sources, for example entering instructions such as intitle: and inurl: prefixes to find information within a general directory, and comparing the results with information found in a wiki
  • acquiring data from a range of sources, for example people, websites, books, mobile phones, radiofrequency identification (RFID) and data repositories such as the Australian Bureau of Statistics datasets, and compiling these data into a digital format
  • checking authenticity of data, for example ensuring the source or author is a reliable individual or organisation
  • using techniques to locate data that are timely, for example using a filtering function to specify the timeframe, such as years, for the required data

  VCDTDI037 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Data and Information

• VCDTDI039

  Manage, create and communicate interactive ideas, information and projects collaboratively online, taking safety and social contexts into account

  Elaborations

  • discussing how different social contexts affect participation in global virtual spaces, for example considering the use of language, acronyms and humour, and providing opportunities for each team member to express their opinions on their own terms
  • organising the instructions and files in readiness for the development of a solution, for example applying a file name convention such as author initials, version and date to all data files that are going to be used to create solutions
  • creating a web-based project that involves modifying an existing website template or writing HTML and cascading style sheets (CSS), for example using web-authoring software and CSS to create a website that allows customers to interact with an enterprising solution, such as purchasing an item
  • devising and applying protocols to manage the collaborative creation of solutions, for example planning to use cloud computing to store common files and establishing virtual meetings that acknowledge time zone differences
  • organising the timeline, resources, file naming conventions, back-up measures and sequence of tasks required to collaboratively create solutions that meet specified needs

  VCDTDI039 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Data and Information

• VCDTDI038

  Analyse and visualise data using a range of software to create information, and use structured data to model objects or events

  Elaborations

  • using features and functions of software to summarise data to create information, for example calculating a simple budget of income and payments and creating a summary table for analysis
  • visualising data to create information, for example displaying geocoded data on a map
  • applying a set of conditions to a spreadsheet to organise and filter data, for example using conditional formatting to highlight the state of particular cells, and filtering and sorting categorical data using column filters
  • querying an existing database to extract data for analysis, for example devising multiple selection criteria or using simple structured query language (SQL) SELECT statements to select records and retrieve specified fields
  • describing the attributes of complex objects, for example defining the records, fields, formats and relationships of a simple dataset
  • modelling the attributes of real-world objects for a computer game

  VCDTDI038 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Data and Information

• VCDTDI036

  Investigate how digital systems represent text, image and sound data in binary

  Elaborations

  • explaining that characters in text correspond to numbers defined by the character set, for example ‘A’ corresponds to 65 in the ASCII and Unicode character sets
  • recognising that Unicode attempts to represent the written symbols of every language; and using Unicode charts to look up characters from Asian writing systems
  • investigating the different representation of bitmap and vector graphics and its consequences, for example pixelation in magnified bitmap and vector images
  • investigating how colours are represented in images and videos, for example manipulating red, green and blue (RGB) colours in an image editor
  • converting between decimal and 8-bit (1 byte) unsigned binary, covering whole numbers typically used for characters and RGB, for example 65 in decimal is 01000001 in 8-bit binary
  • explaining ways media elements are presented, for example the difference between embedded and linked media elements

  VCDTDI036 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Data and Information