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• VCZHC104

  Mediate descriptions of Chinese and Australian life, identifying what experiences and ideas are not readily translated between cultures

  Elaborations

  • analysing Chinese texts alongside their English translations to identify the challenges of translating culture, and developing strategies to overcome these challenges, by asking: What is lost in translation? Why can’t we just translate word for word? Why does context matter?
  • reading bilingual signs in places such as restaurants, shops, pools, schools, hospitals and construction sites, and determining the effectiveness of the English translations and possible reasons for such interpretations
  • exploring ways to interpret and explain key concepts and cultural practices identified in Chinese interactions, such as 面子, and experimenting with how to give 面子 in interactions with others
  • translating information about life in Australia to Chinese readers overseas, considering the audience’s cultural experiences in order to determine what concepts they would find difficult to understand, exploring ways to elaborate on ideas to ensure clarity of meaning, and focusing on nuances of word formation and context, for example, 澳洲肥牛 (‘bushwalking’)
  • preparing a voiceover text for a video presentation on the Chinese language program or the school environment, discussing possible interpretations of the text from the viewers’ perspective and adjusting anything that is unclear before voice recording
  • considering the different terms used in the Chinese-speaking world to represent ‘Chinese person’ (中国人，华人，华侨，华裔)

  VCZHC104 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHC177

  Interact and socialise with a range of participants, recognising alternative positions, ideas and perspectives relating to experience and lifestyle

  Elaborations

  • exploring concepts related to topical and contemporary issues, including ethnicity and identity, popular culture, technology, social justice, environment, education and future pathways, through interaction with peers and other Chinese speakers, for example, 我听说现在中国的年轻人很喜欢看韩剧，是这样吗？你也喜欢看韩剧吗？
  • inviting others to contribute to discussions and provide feedback on own ideas (for example, 你不觉得…吗？ 难道…?), and asking questions, acknowledging strengths in others’ arguments and providing evidence to contradict, challenge or rebut alternative views
  • collaborating to reach agreement by asserting, restating, conceding or negotiating in an appropriate manner (for example, 就算是…; 尽管如此…), recapping the main ideas discussed, suggesting a suitable compromise or solution, and explaining the reasons behind the final suggestion
  • discussing how to utilise resources and opportunities outside of the classroom to develop Chinese proficiency, for example, Chinese community school, using Chinese more often with family members and friends, or watching Chinese television
  • listening to guest speakers such as ambassadors for Asian literacy or other inspirational young people who are engaged with Chinese language learning, and discussing their experiences and achievements

  VCZHC177 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCZHC178

  Negotiate actions and contribute ideas, opinions and suggestions in interactions related to shared tasks and problem-solving, managing different views

  Elaborations

  • participate in online discussions and other exchanges to raise awareness of topical issues, for example, 作文大赛《谈谈健康饮食》
  • using social media to communicate with peers in a range of locations in order to inform them about social initiatives in Australia, such as 清扫澳洲日, 地球一小时, and inviting contributions of others to initiate similar events in their regions
  • volunteering their time in a project that supports other members of the local community (for example, organising a concert to perform at an aged-care facility; providing tutoring in English for older members of the Chinese-speaking community), discussing experiences and persuading peers and others to contribute
  • collaborating to make decisions about fashion, purchases, visual appeal, celebrity endorsement and product reliability to determine value for money in relation to own purchases and shopping habits (for example, 虽然这件衣服是名牌，但是质量不太好)
  • investigating services provided to the local community, including social welfare and support services, and considering ways to assist such organisations in promoting and delivering their services
  • designing a campaign to promote and persuade people to join a community organisation, for example, creating slogans such as 加入澳洲华人青年会，你会认识更多的朋友！

  VCZHC178 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCZHC211

  Summarise and compare factual information about people, places and lifestyles drawn from a range of sources, including multimodal sources

  Elaborations

  • viewing reports on news and current affairs programs to develop an overview of events and discuss the responses of individuals and groups to issues and events such as a threat to public health or safety, environmental pollution, or rapid urbanisation
  • listening to and viewing texts such as celebrity interviews, news reports and documentaries on tourist hot spots, and obtaining the gist by focusing on familiar, anticipated items in a flow of words, for example, names of people and places, time and date, attitude and opinions
  • listening to and viewing interactions and noting the different opinions and ideas of different participants, focusing on key words and non-verbal cues to identify feelings
  • using dictionaries and other resources to interpret key words, for example, identifying the likely meaning of 七夕 in the sentence 农历七月七日是七夕
  • identifying important ideas and interpreting implied meanings in texts, recognising possible bias when judging the value of information
  • using listening strategies appropriate to a range of purposes, including listening for specific information, listening for key ideas, listening for overall understanding, or listening in order to repeat information to others
  • presenting opinions using strategies suited to the audience or reader’s expectations, such as 欲扬先抑 (to criticise before praising)

  VCZHC211 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC212

  Develop and present a position on an issue based on information drawn from different perspectives and sources and provide advice and guidance

  Elaborations

  • identifying the positions of different speakers and exploring the explicit and implicit values and reasons that may have led to the development of their own perspectives, for example, why a Western speaker of Chinese may look at an issue differently to a native Chinese speaker; the different perspectives of a city resident versus a rural resident
  • developing an information kit about the local city or region to provide to Chinese visitors via a local tourism website, including details on history, climate, environment and cultural activities supported by visuals
  • creating short texts to inform others on topics of interest (such as 中国的茶-澳洲咖啡), and providing an objective perspective by discussing alternative views, for example, 有人说…也有人说…他们都不知道...所以…
  • accessing a range of sources of discussion (such as online debates in public forums and TV talk shows) and identifying factors that potentially cause bias on an issue, such as era, generational differences, cultural factors and individual personalities, for example, 有人认为愚公很傻， 尤其是生活在现代的人
  • presenting a balanced view on a contemporary issue, referring to evidence to support ideas and elaborating on own perspective
  • engaging with different representations of ideas, comparing perspectives and developing an informed position on issues relevant to their own lives, for example, 在中国有人说移民澳洲好，因为生活轻松； 也有人说移民澳洲不好，因为没有熟悉的家人朋友。我觉得… 因为…
  • presenting information on an issue such as 独生子女政策 by discussing perspectives and comparing experiences and opinions, noting how some people focus on positive effects on society and others focus on personal experiences of being a 独生子女
  • collaborating to produce multimedia displays to share with readers overseas to provide a local insight into issues such as the experience of international students in Australia, and highlighting the features that might be most relevant to overseas readers
  • collating information from personal research and writing reports on issues relevant to youth across cultures, such as pressure to follow fashions and trends, bullying, and inspirational people

  VCZHC212 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC066

  Sustain and extend written exchanges about places, future plans, and contemporary social issues and activities

  Elaborations

  • introducing a topic or issue for discussion with others (for example, the importance of China to Australia’s economy, the growth of Chinese tourism in Australia, or ways to promote a better understanding of China in Australian schools), and leading the discussion in a manner likely to elicit ideas related to possible scenarios or outcomes
  • referring to information stated, or requesting or providing further details in order to clarify or confirm the ideas or views of others, for example, 你说澳洲人对中国的印象是…
  • discussing issues, suggesting alternative solutions and making decisions using levels of formality and respect appropriate to audience and purpose, for example, 我觉得这样做更适合；…可以吗？
  • following online media conventions and experimenting with terms such as 楼主 to refer to participants of the shared digital space

  VCZHC066 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCZHC210

  Participate in planning and presenting a social or cultural event, negotiating options and solving problems

  Elaborations

  • designing a campaign to promote a community organisation and persuade people to join, for example, creating slogans such as 加入澳洲华人青年会，你会认识更多的朋友！
  • asking open questions, inviting others to elaborate their ideas and restating to confirm understanding, for example, 请说一下您为什么决定…？为了保护环境，你一般做什么？你已经说过…；你说的是…，对不对？
  • considering how the use of a polite tone and respectful language when making a complaint may empower both speaker and listener to achieve a positive outcome, and how advice may be given in a non-judgmental way, for example, 你最好/我觉得你应该/我知道…对你很重要，可是… rather than 你一定要/如果你…，就…/你太…
  • negotiating to achieve desired goals by asserting, conceding, and expressing obligation (for example, 必须、一定要) or absence of choice （for example, 没办法、不得不）in an appropriate manner
  • participating in organised visits to Chinese-owned stores in the local area; specifying the quantity or nature of items required; requesting, negotiating and accepting prices; and completing transaction
  • participating in shopping scenarios with classmates, expressing opinions about qualities of goods (for example, 这个红色的裤子真好看), making comparisons with other retailers or service providers (for example, 他要一百块，你要一百三十块) and expressing satisfaction or dissatisfaction with price, for example, 太贵了
  • negotiating with classmates to determine an appropriate gift for an overseas visitor, acknowledging others’ ideas and opinions, and offering alternatives, for example, 这件大衣太大了，我不要，我看一看那件吧
  • acknowledging the ideas and opinions of others and expressing agreement (for example, 好的、 我同意), disagreement (for example, 对，可是), excitement (for example, 太好了) or disappointment (for example, 真可惜) when interacting with others

  VCZHC210 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCZHC068

  Collate and present different perspectives on a range of issues from different sources

  Elaborations

  • exploring websites designed for non-Chinese audiences, identifying relevant information on research topics such as 中式饮食，娱乐活动, and comparing sources, differentiating between fact and opinion, and identifying information which is not credible or which is too value-laden
  • reading and sharing key information from diverse authors, making connections between the author’s opinion and attitudes towards particular topics (such as 中国的独生子女) and their background and experiences
  • sharing ideas on sources of information and explaining ways to utilise these sources, with examples or data to support their opinions
  • preparing visual displays of data or information gathered from personal research to share with Chinese-speaking peers on features of lifestyle or experiences of Australian young people, for example, educational opportunities, outdoor and sporting activities across the seasons, or a typical weekend for an Aussie teenager

  VCZHC068 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC185

  Reflect on how conventions of speech and particular Chinese cultural concepts can influence communication style when using both Chinese and English

  Elaborations

  • differentiating language when engaging with participants from different cultural backgrounds, for example, opening a speech in Chinese with 中国有一句俗语… when in English they would open a speech with a joke
  • describing appropriate ways to engage with others in different contexts, for example, ‘I socialise with my friends who speak Chinese in … ways, but I socialise with my friends who speak English in … ways’

  VCZHC185 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCZHC100

  Locate and organise information on topics of interest from a range of written sources to develop a position, and convey this position to a familiar audience in a range of texts

  Elaborations

  • reading tourist brochures and websites detailing lifestyles in diverse locations in the Sinophone world, identifying features of local lifestyles that reflect modernity or tradition, and evaluating the information for relevance, appropriateness and significance
  • developing an information kit, supported by visuals, about their local city or region to provide to Chinese visitors via a local tourism website, including details on history, climate, environment, and cultural activities
  • composing short texts to report on topics of interest (for example, 中国的茶-澳洲咖啡 ), providing a range of alternative views on the subject, for example, 有人说…也有人说…他们都不知道...所以…

  VCZHC100 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC252

  Create bilingual texts for a range of audiences, contexts and purposes

  Elaborations

  • acting as translator between Chinese and English speakers during school events, and reflecting on the linguistic and cultural issues encountered, for example, when sister-school teachers and students visit
  • translating texts for a range of audiences and contexts, identifying adjustments to language choices made according social position of audience and context
  • comparing bilingual editions of novels and discussing how authors and translators maintain the effect of stylistic devices across languages, for example, the use of metaphor

  VCZHC252 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHC244

  Influence and engage others, debating ideas and opinions, selecting language, tone, culturally expected stylised gestures, pitch and pace for different audiences

  Elaborations

  • applying strategies to engage in conversations with people of diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds, for example, using alternative terms to 吹牛、聊天 and initiating topics of mutual interest
  • monitoring the effectiveness of own communication skills when sharing ideas and interests with others, for example, when changing topics and taking turns in a conversation (听说…，刚才我们说什么来着？)
  • using emphatic and assertive language to defend a position, point out errors in others’ assumptions or strengthen own argument when negotiating with others, for example, 我想这种观点是站不住脚的／这种说法是没有根据的，是无稽之谈

  VCZHC244 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCZHC184

  Create and adapt bilingual texts for different settings and audiences, identifying the contextual and cultural challenges

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with different options, rephrasing until the most suitable meaning is conveyed, for example, translating 同学 as ‘classmate’ then changing it to ‘student’ or ‘peer’ as appropriate in the context （这是我的同学。 and 同学们好）
  • analysing information presented in context and being aware that what is not said also matters （言外之意), for example, 该来的人来了, implying that those who turned up earlier are 不该来的人
  • developing a deep understanding of the subtle meanings and uses of new words/phrases encountered, by comparing the ways in which words, grammar and idioms are explained in different reference sources, for example, how a 成语 is explained in English, compared to in a Chinese dictionary 成语字典 and on a 成语故事 website

  VCZHC184 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHC250

  Create imaginative texts experimenting with genre, textual features and stylistic devices

  Elaborations

  • comparing literature across languages and cultures and recognising features of entertainment, for example, identifying how magic and danger are used in Harry Potter and 《西游记》
  • discussing the features of range of genres, such as memoirs, poems and moral tales, for example, comparing 小诗 and 散文 to identify how different genres express similar ideas
  • creating own imaginative texts, using literary devices to achieve particular purposes, for example, foreshadowing events and building up to the climax in a story, and experimenting with 暗喻, 反复 and other 修辞手法

  VCZHC250 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHC067

  Analyse, compare and present perspectives on topics of interest, identifying the different ways emotions, intentions and ideas are expressed

  Elaborations

  • discussing differences in the way events are reported in different media sources, such as local and national Chinese TV news programs
  • collating and analysing data on life in Chinese communities (such as positive and negative experiences of adjustment to life in Australia, impressions of Australian education system, and perspectives on the Australian national character) by interviewing Chinese speakers and utilising a range of graphic organisers to collate and compare ideas from diverse sources and perspectives
  • presenting or supporting a personal position or view by reconstructing information from diverse sources, summarising key points, and using quotes or supporting information, acknowledging diverse perspectives and sources of information and the views of others by using reported speech, and using forms of presentation appropriate to the subject matter, for example, using charts or images to support text
  • gathering information on an issue from different sources and reporting on it to others, using tools such as tables, graphic organisers and charts, and discussing whether the information is similar or different in different sources and why
  • extracting details and main ideas from texts, making judgments about their relevance and discussing contrasting points of view, for example, selecting the main events from an article, identifying core data from interviews, identifying gist and main point/s of a spoken interaction, or analysing different interpretations of meaning in a conversation
  • comparing different perspectives on the same event or on a topical issue such as intergenerational relationships, the environment, or food choices
  • making presentations on aspects of cultural practices and lifestyles in Chinese communities, providing a balanced perspective and avoiding stereotyping, for example, 很多中国人…；据报道，百分之三十的人口…
  • creating and displaying posters to raise peers’ awareness and help promote the messages of charity organisations conducting work in China
  • sharing own interest in people, places and events in the Chinese world by reading about places and historical figures (such as 秦始皇, 毛泽东) and writing articles for the school newsletter to inform others, recommending further reading and websites (Chinese and English)

  VCZHC067 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC098

  Correspond with peers and teacher, exchanging ideas, negotiating decisions and inviting others to participate in collective action

  Elaborations

  • corresponding with others via social networking sites, exchanging personal information and requesting information, for example, 你是哪国人？你喜欢学习汉语吗？
  • sharing information about life in diverse environments, expressing ideas with elaborated details to enhance meaning and engage readers, for example, 今天太冷了，只有零下五度，还下雪，只能在家呆着
  • sharing opinions about school or family life, including 我的学校，我的老师，我的好朋友， 我的一家人, and linking ideas to explain and support a particular position or view, for example, 我的姐姐不但喜欢音乐，而且也很喜欢体育, 我除了踢足球以外，还打板球。我觉得运动很有意思
  • reading promotional material on topics such as healthy eating, and creating similar texts in Chinese to convey the meaning to Chinese readers, for example, 每天吃五份蔬菜，两份水果
  • identifying unacceptable behaviours at school and devising a set of posters or signs in Chinese to remind people of school expectations, for example, 爱护花草，请安静， 可回收物/不可回收物，关闭手机

  VCZHC098 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCZHC217

  Reflect on how conventions of speech and particular Chinese cultural concepts can influence communication style when using both English and Chinese

  Elaborations

  • identifying diverse ways their Chinese identity is played out in local communities (for example, through membership of community organisations and interest groups) and relating experiences in which their Chinese identity is central to their self-expression
  • exploring the ways their Chinese identity influences the different roles they play in life (for example, as a student at secondary school and in Chinese school, and as a son or daughter, an older or younger sibling, a friend, or a member of a sports team) and reflecting on times when linguistic and cultural aspects of their identity are questioned and challenged
  • reflecting on own cultural values and evaluating how these intersect with mainstream values when interacting in both Chinese and Australian contexts
  • recognising the language choices they make that influence how their identities as individuals and as Chinese-speaking Australians are perceived by others, for example, feeling more Chinese with Chinese people, and less Chinese when on their own or with people from a different cultural background
  • varying their language use when engaging with participants from different cultural backgrounds, for example, opening a speech in Chinese with 中国有一句俗语… when in English they would open a speech with some humour

  VCZHC217 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCZHC071

  Translate a range of Chinese texts and identify how some concepts can be readily translated between Chinese and English and some do not

  Elaborations

  • identifying core values implicit in interactions in Chinese and explaining these to English speakers, for example, describing the language of celebration, including the origins, significance and meanings of commonly used expressions such as 福如东海、年年有余
  • describing interactions, showing consideration of 面子, and discussing the differences in the significance of 面子 when the interaction occurs interculturally
  • interpreting key ideas conveyed in Chinese texts, discussing how to maintain the sentiment and intention of authors when retelling or summarising these in English, and understanding why this is important in translation
  • reading everyday Chinese texts encountered in shop brochures, product packaging and advertising; identifying challenges involved in conveying meaning in English; and explaining word choices and textual features employed to enhance meaning

  VCZHC071 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHC215

  Translate a range of simple Chinese texts and identify how some concepts can be mediated readily between Chinese and English and some cannot

  Elaborations

  • exploring ways to interpret and explain key concepts and cultural practices identified in Chinese interactions (for example, 面子) and experimenting with how to give 面子 in interaction with others
  • considering the uses of different measurement words in Chinese (for example, 小勺 and 茶匙；斤 and 克) when comparing Chinese translations of English recipes
  • comparing alternative translations to identify concepts of ‘normality’ in their own linguistic and cultural context, for example, using the term 软饮料 (instead of 无酒精饮料) assumes the reader/audience has some understanding of English to understand meaning of 软
  • comparing 褒义词，贬义词 and 中性词 and the contexts they are used in, for example, the differences between 聪明 and 滑头
  • identifying words used with specific assumptions, for example, gender (英俊 is used to describe males), significance (会见 versus 见面), formality (光临 versus 来到)
  • considering ways to convey culture-specific terms in English (for example, 中药和食疗, 上火，大补)

  VCZHC215 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHC209

  Interact with peers and others in familiar and unfamiliar contexts to exchange alternative ideas and perspectives, and to express preferences and opinions

  Elaborations

  • stating opinions on school life, family life, familiar people, experiences and significant personal events (for example, 我最喜欢圣诞节), and indicating preferences with reasons such as 我想去看…电影， 因为听说这个电影很好看
  • engaging in oral and digital discussions on topics of personal interest such as music, TV programs or sports, asking questions to seek ideas, request repetition and clarify meaning (for example, 你说你的生日是明天，是吗？) to enhance mutual understanding, for example, 我不太喜欢听流行音乐，我更喜欢摇滚乐,因为摇滚乐很有力
  • using different ways of expressing apology, appreciation or gratitude, and comparing practices across contexts, considering which term to use in various situations and according to the relationship between participants, for example, 谢谢;辛苦你了; 麻烦你了; 真对不起; 非常感谢
  • notifying teacher of work due in other subject areas, for example, 我有很多数学作业；我星期一有科学测验
  • expressing opinions on lesson activities and learning tools, for example, 我觉得很好玩儿 ；我觉得很有用；我喜欢用网络词典
  • requesting assistance or seeking advice on a feature of language (for example, mobile phone 。中文怎么说， 怎么写（面）这个字呢？), and exploring concepts related to topical and contemporary issues (such as ethnicity and identity, social justice, environment, education and future pathways, technology, and popular culture) through interaction with peers and other Chinese speakers, for example, 我听说现在中国的年轻人很喜欢看韩剧，是这样吗？你也喜欢看韩剧吗？
  • inviting others to contribute to discussions and provide feedback on own ideas (for example, 你不觉得…吗？ 难道…?), and asking questions, acknowledging strengths in others’ arguments and providing evidence to contradict, challenge or rebut alternative views
  • substantiating their position with examples, quotes or statistical data and using 成语 or 谚语, for example, 养不教，父之过父母当然要对孩子的教育负责
  • collaborating to reach agreement by asserting, restating, conceding or negotiating in an appropriate manner (for example, 就算是说…; 尽管如此…), and recapping the main ideas discussed, suggesting a suitable compromise or solution and explaining the reasons behind the final suggestion
  • responding to inquiries in correspondence from overseas peers and via social media by describing the lifestyle of Australian young people, with pariticular attention to unique aspects of Australian culture, for example, 澳大利亚有…，人们生活…
  • engaging with educational social media to document own experiences and achievements by posting a weekly journal or blog for others to read, for example, 本周XX俱乐部足球赛
  • experimenting with ways of expressing ideas in more formal contexts, such as using objective rather than subjective language to recount events, for example, 袋鼠很多 compared with 我看到了很多袋鼠

  VCZHC209 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising