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• VCIDU117

  Develop awareness of register, comparing language choices and considering how and why language varies in formality

  Elaborations

  • observing that Indonesians are typically multilingual and regularly shift between languages according to context, for example, use of Bahasa gaul among teenagers, bahasa daerah with local community, and bahasa baku in formal communication
  • identifying levels of formality or register of language used in texts and explaining reasons for this, for example, the use of formal language when talking to people in authority to show respect, the use of informal language in commercials to create a sense of familiarity
  • examining variations in language used in face-to-face and written/online communication, particularly noticing colloquial language and how it differs from standard forms, for example, kasih aku coklat, dong; boleh minta coklat, Bu
  • making connections between aspects of language use and the identity of participants, for example, Muslim expressions such as Insya’ Allah, Puji Tuhan, Syukur, Alhamdullillah

  VCIDU117 | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCIDU080

  Understand pronunciation and intonation conventions, and apply to new words with affixation and a range of complex sentences

  Elaborations

  • recognising the role of stress and rhythm in creating emphasis, for example, recurring patterns, chorus, rhymes and onomatopoeia
  • noticing how tone can convey emotion, such as in colloquial language, for example, kasihan deh, bagi dong, aku dikasih nggak
  • using elision in informal communication, for example, mau [atau] nggak?, mahal s[e]kali, [bara]ngkali
  • recognising that Indonesian may allow more than one spelling of loan words, for example, bis/bus, system/sistim, propinsi/provinsi, moderen/modern
  • knowing when to pause in complex sentences with embedded clauses

  VCIDU080 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCIDU032

  Understand that language varies according to age, gender and social position, such as place in the family

  Elaborations

  • noticing differences between formal and informal language such as greetings (Hai for friends and Selamat pagi… for adults), or that Ibu/Bapak replaces ‘you’ when speaking to adults and that kamu is not appropriate
  • comparing advertisements, such as for games or toys, for different age groups and genders
  • recognising appropriateness of gestures to accompany language when addressing teachers, friends or visitors to school
  • analysing how the language of texts such as invitations and greeting cards can vary depending on the occasion and the degree of closeness of the relationship between people

  VCIDU032 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCIDU016

  Develop awareness that Indonesian and English borrow from each other

  Elaborations

  • knowing that Indonesian and English use the same alphabet
  • recognising that Indonesian has some loan words from English, such as komputer and televisi, and that English has some from Indonesian, such as ‘orangutan’, ‘satay’ and ‘sarong’, with some changes in spelling
  • keeping a class record of words in Indonesian that are borrowed from other languages, including loan words from Aboriginal languages, Torres Strait Islander languages

  VCIDU016 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCIDU099

  Recognise grammatical structures and features in a range of personal, informative and imaginative texts, and notice how these contribute to meaning

  Elaborations

  • analysing the key features of texts such as advertisements, stories, songs and conversations, and comparing these with texts in own language and culture
  • identifying how texts are constructed, such as textual features (for example, salutations in correspondence), grammatical structures (for example, time markers in narratives) and visual cues, for example, images in brochures
  • comparing Indonesian and English grammar, identifying similarities, for example, subject-verb-object sentence construction and differences, for example, word order of nouns and adjectives, absence of the verb ‘to be’ with adjectives and verbs
  • applying knowledge of grammatical rules and context when using dictionaries to support comprehension and creation of texts (for example, locating base words by dropping the ber- prefix), or to recognise a word type, for example, ‘saw’ = ‘see’ (melihat) and not ‘saw’ (noun; gergaji)

  VCIDU099 | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCIDU013

  Recognise questions, commands and simple subject-focus sentences, and develop vocabulary for people, places and things in their personal world

  Elaborations

  • identifying people using pronouns (ibu, ayah, bapak, adik, kakak), referring to pets (anjing, kucing), and using concrete nouns for objects (buku, tas, pintu)
  • describing possession using word order in familiar phrases, for example, nama saya…, ibu saya…
  • greetings and farewelling others, for example, Selamat pagi/siang/sore/ malam, sampai jumpa
  • specifying location using prepositions, for example, di atas, di bawah, di dalam, di belakang
  • describing actions using simple verbs, for example, makan, duduk, minum, suka, tidur
  • interacting using auxiliary verbs, for example, ada, mau, tahu, boleh, bisa
  • understanding different question words and the anticipated answer, for example, siapa? (people), apa? (objects, actions), di mana? (location), berapa? (quantity)
  • using imperatives to tell others to do something, for example, Duduklah, Lipat tangan, Tepuk tangan
  • referring to numbers of things using cardinal numbers (nol-sepuluh puluh, belas)
  • describing the colour, size, shape and character of a person, place or thing using noun–adjective phrases, for example, buku merah, anjing besar, kucing kecil, bapak tinggi, saya pendek, adik lucu
  • joining words or phrases using conjunctions, for example, dan, tetapi
  • referring to things using demonstratives ini and itu, for example, Ini buku merah
  • negating verbs and adjectives using tidak
  • expressing modality, for example, mau, ingin, boleh, bisa

  VCIDU013 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCIDU114

  Recognise pronunciation of compound words and polysyllabic words, and use of rhythm and stress in complex sentences

  Elaborations

  • recognising sounds such as the glottal stop k and unexploded t at end of words, and sound combinations such as kh and sy, in words such as khatulistiwa, masyarakat
  • understanding rising intonation in polysyllabic words (for example, membersihkan) and compound words, for example, kerajinan tangan
  • recognising and reproducing the rhythm of extended sentences, such as the correct pausing for clauses in a complex sentence, for example,…yang sudah diterimanya,…

  VCIDU114 | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCIDU034

  Make connections between cultural practices and language use, such as specific vocabulary and expressions

  Elaborations

  • noticing how gestures differ between cultures, for example, Indonesian people beckon with palm down and moving all fingers
  • understanding that meanings of facial expressions can vary across cultures and that the same expression can convey various emotions, for example, in Indonesia smiling may also reflect confusion, shyness, nervousness, embarrassment or offence
  • showing awareness that language carries cultural ideas, for example, upacara compared to ‘assembly’; padi/beras/nasi compared to ‘cooked/uncooked rice’; and kaki lima, becak, and warung and congklak, which have no equivalent in English
  • recognising character traits and values in Indonesian stories, for example, animal heroes in fables are native animals in Indonesia, Si Kancil and Harimau, and comparing these to familiar Australian stories
  • analysing which aspects of own language use might seem ‘strange’ from an Indonesian perspective and why, for example, practices such as barbecuing and Australian Rules football, and names for native animals, currency and foods

  VCIDU034 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCIDU115

  Develop knowledge of vocabulary and structure to extend meanings, such as complex verbs, affixation, a range of cohesive devices and object-focus construction

  Elaborations

  • identifying people by pronouns or titles, for example, Kepala Sekolah, si (diminutive) and nicknames
  • describing the qualities of people using adjectives of character, for example, murah hati, bertanggung-jawab
  • indicating possibility, for example, mungkin, mudah-mudahan, semoga
  • specifying what is being referred to, for example, yang ini, yang itu
  • understanding embedded clauses using yang, for example, Saya belum berkenalan dengan murid yang baru datang dari Australia
  • indicating equivalence using adalah
  • indicating action using transitive verbs, me- verb system (-kan or -i suffix) and their object-focus di- forms
  • showing lack of purpose, for example, jalan-jalan, duduk-duduk, melihat-lihat
  • relating people and position using prepositions, for example, kepada
  • comparing things using comparatives and superlatives, for example, ter-, makin lama…, makin + adjective
  • seeking information using interrogatives and question forms, for example, mengapa, bagaimana, yang mana, untuk apa/siapa, dengan apa/siapa
  • requesting that others do something for own benefit (minta, harap, mohon, tolong); for others’ benefit (silakan)
  • excusing and apologising, for example, permisi dulu, minta maaf, maafkan saya
  • giving advice with suffix -lah, for example, beristirahatlah, tunggulah, nasehat saya, sebaiknya, seharusnya, jangan
  • showing empathy and well-wishing, for example, kasihan, harap cepat sembuh, semoga sukses
  • giving opinion, for example, saya berpendapat bahwa, saya percaya
  • contrasting two ideas using conjunctions, for example, namun, namun demikian, walaupun begitu, meskipun
  • referring to abstract ideas using affixation and nominalisation, for example, belajar/pelajar/pelajaran, kerja/mengerjakan/pekerjaan, sakit/penyakit/kesakitan
  • referring to events and time using frequency markers (for example, sering kali, sekali-sekali, belum pernah, hampir tidak pernah) and time indicators, for example, tadi malam, nanti, nanti sore, sekarang, pada masa depan, yang akan datang, waktu liburan yang lalu
  • referring back to something specific using tersebut

  VCIDU115 | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITC084

  Create a range of imaginative texts, considering how to represent ideas, characters and events

  Elaborations

  • creating stories with various settings, characters and events, using, for example, video, cartoon, games
  • creating texts to entertain others by expressing ideas such as romance, danger and excitement, for example, Sei bella come il sole! Attenti! Mamma mia! Acqua azzurra, acqua Chiara. Sei matto!
  • creating reflective texts to present feelings about themes of personal or social relevance, such as friendships/relationships and contemporary issues, Mi fa paura. Mi fa arrabbiare. Mi sorprende. Mi dà coraggio. Non sopporto la violenza dell’uomo sulla donna. Ho un sogno … Mi piacerebbe … Condivido le opinioni/le idee di … perché …

  VCITC084 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCITC097

  Participate in individual or collective action, both orally and in writing, by making arrangements, inviting, planning, deciding and responding

  Elaborations

  • exchanging details about events, such as time, day, place, activity and participants, for example, Vieni a … con me? Sì/no. D’accordo. A che ora? Quando? Dove? Con chi? Che tempo fa?
  • negotiating and making arrangements for social or sporting events by using texts such as messages, emails, invitations and text messages, and using expressions of possibility, need and obligation [modal verb + infinitive] in set phrases, for example, Vuoi venire a … Non voglio venire …, Voglio/non voglio … Posso/non posso venire …, Forse sì/forse no

  VCITC097 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCITC010

  Create a personal or shared record of ‘interesting’ words in Italian

  Elaborations

  • collecting Italian and English words that are the same (for example, banana or similar, for example, pigiama
  • collecting Italian words used in English, for example, ciao, opera, pasta, spaghetti
  • creating a picture dictionary

  VCITC010 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Translating

• VCITC023

  Participate in everyday classroom activities by asking permission, requesting help, asking how to say or write something, asking for repetition, praising or complimenting

  Elaborations

  • asking permission, for example, Posso? Posso prendere/fare/parlare/avere qualcosa? Sì/no. Non è possibile. Non adesso
  • requesting help, for example, Come? Aiuto, per favore
  • asking how to say or write a word, for example, Come si dice …? Come si dice in italiano? Come si scrive …?
  • asking for repetition, for example, Non ho capito, Puὸ ripetere?
  • praising and complimenting, for example, Bravo/a! Ottimo! È bello/molto bello! Esatto!
  • responding to a partner’s questions, for example, Di che colore è la maglia? Qual è il tuo/suo gioco preferito?
  • connecting with and reacting to peer responses, noticing different perspectives

  VCITC023 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCITC028

  Translate texts to compare meanings and share understandings about aspects of Italian language and culture that are different from English

  Elaborations

  • translating words, phrases and captions, and describing how meanings may change across languages
  • explaining the ideas contained in texts to someone unfamiliar with Italian, for example, lunch, alla mensa scolastica; le vacanze estive; la passeggiata
  • becoming familiar with using bilingual dictionaries and online translators

  VCITC028 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCITC063

  Convey ideas and opinions by creating spoken, written and multimodal texts

  Elaborations

  • creating spoken, written and multimodal texts to inform others about local places, events, activities, recommended places to visit and activities to do with family and friends, for example, Vi consigliamo di visitare … Vi invitiamo a fare il giro della città
  • designing persuasive texts such as posters and brochures (for example, to advocate for sustainable water use for example, La doccia non deve durare più di tre minuti), or creating a report on the best games or apps to buy
  • experimenting with language appropriate to particular text types, such as descriptive language in short magazine articles, or emotive language in diary and journal entries, for example, Il concerto è stato un gran successo. Caro diario, che bella giornata! Oggi non ho voglia di andare a scuola. Il documentario parla di …tratta il tema di/si tratta di …

  VCITC063 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCITC119

  Select and organise information from a range of spoken, written and multimodal texts in Italian; process and analyse ideas; and represent meanings, opinions and perspectives as appropriate to particular audiences

  Elaborations

  • listening to, viewing or reading texts that depict aspects of Italian culture, art, history or geography, and sharing the information with others, for example, comparing online tourist brochures, and reading or viewing a series of advertisements and creating own advertisement to attract Italian tourists to an Australian city/town/area
  • researching, recording and synthesising information from texts, including television programs, reports, interviews, video clips, documentaries, graffiti and social networks, using tools such as tables, concept maps, webbing and charts to organise and order information and inform others of findings
  • deducing meaning, evaluating and synthesising information and identifying cultural references in texts that show different representations of Italian culture
  • conducting online surveys to report on attitudes towards topics such as water usage, consumer choice, technology use, music or celebrities

  VCITC119 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCITC120

  Convey information and compare diverse perspectives from multiple sources in Italian

  Elaborations

  • reporting on current events and topics related to personal worlds, through reports, summaries, biographies or journal entries, for example, presenting a profile of a favourite artist or a famous person; or reporting the findings of a survey (Il documentario … presenta la storia di …, l’articolo parla di …, rappresenta il punto di vista di …, [lo scrittore] pensa …; La maggior parte di/la minor parte di/il 20 per cento di persone [+ verb] …; entrambi, tutti/pochi studiano ogni sera; a differenza di, però; Il depliant australiano sottolinea di più …)
  • connecting and presenting information showing varying perspectives, such as child/adult, Australian/Italian, insider/outsider or rural/urban, using present, past and future tenses as appropriate, for example, Il mondo è pieno di cibi diversi; ci sono bambini che hanno poco da mangiare
  • conveying information and justifying personal opinions with evidence from the text, for example, Mi è piaciuto molto l’articolo perché …
  • creating a poster, blog or advertisement to promote awareness of a particular issue, event or behaviour, such as recycling, conservation, sustainability, healthy food choices, sport and fitness options
  • presenting information about the movement of people globally, including to and from Italy, for example, comparing stories of migration, or the phenomenon of asylum seekers in Italy and in Australia

  VCITC120 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCITC096

  Socialise with peers and adults to exchange greetings, good wishes, factual information and opinions about self, family and friends, routines, shared events, leisure activities, interests, likes and dislikes

  Elaborations

  • greeting others, introducing themselves, expressing state of health and wellbeing, appreciation and good wishes, and leave-taking, using appropriate familiar or formal language, for example, Mi chiamo … e tu? Come ti chiami? Ho 12 anni. Sono Carla. Ciao Giorgio, come stai? (Sto) bene/male, e tu? Mi dispiace. Ci vediamo domani. A domani. Buongiorno, ArrivederLa. Come si chiama? Buongiorno professoressa, come sta?
  • describing and comparing friends and family, for example, using [subject + verb + adjective]: Il mio amico è simpatico
  • describing routines, events and leisure activities (for example, Ogni weekend vado al cinema … Mi piace/non mi piace + [infinitive verb]. Gioco a/pratico il), and comparing these to similar events for Italian peers

  VCITC096 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCITC068

  Participate in intercultural experiences to discuss cultural practices, comparing own and others’ reactions and responses

  Elaborations

  • interacting with members of Italian-speaking communities and sharing own experiences as a learner of Italian, for example, describing duration of learning, place of learning and opinions about the experience
  • engaging with young Italians, in the local community or virtually, to share and compare information, values and beliefs about topics of interest
  • reviewing and responding to aspects of cultural practices represented in authentic texts such as advertisements, brochures and menus to discuss the cultural differences that are evident and the reactions of members of the class to these differences
  • selecting and reflecting on aspects of the Italian language and culture that could easily be adopted in Australia, and explaining reasons for choices
  • considering how one’s own ideas, practices and responses may be perceived by Italians both in Italy and in Australia
  • recognising the culture-based assumptions that participants bring to intercultural exchanges

  VCITC068 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCITC077

  Initiate, sustain and extend discussions related to aspirations, relationships and contemporary social issues

  Elaborations

  • corresponding with peers throughout the year (for example, by phone, Skype, email or wikis) to build relationships and share views about home, school, lifestyle, leisure activities and interests
  • interacting in speaking or writing with an Italian contact to seek personal information about their past, current activities and future plans, and to ask about life in Italy and the possibility of visiting in future, for example, Questo è il dottor Bianchi. Le presento la dottoressa Russo. Piacere! Che lavoro fai? Cosa facevi tre anni fa, in Italia? Cosa bevi a tavola? Ben arrivato/a! Entri! Prego. Le dispiace inviarmi una copia di … Distinti saluti
  • sustaining exchanges with others by acknowledging, asking for repetition or clarification, or questioning further, for example, Scusi non ho capito, può ripetere, per favore? Potrebbe ascoltare, per favore? Può aiutarmi a … Mi sono dimenticato/a di …
  • using contextual clues and gestures to assist in comprehending and expressing meanings during spoken conversations, such as responding to facial expressions showing emotion or confusion, for example, Ah, ora capisco! È davvero interessante. Come hai/ha detto? Eh sì! Ma scherzi!
  • interviewing class members to gauge views about aspects of daily life (such as school, pastimes, relationships and the local environment), and discussing as a class the major themes and concerns that emerge, for example, Come mai …? Perché …? Secondo te …? Forse ... pensi che …? È chiaro che …
  • sharing opinions with peers about experiences, events and interests incorporating language to express emotions and opinions such as approval, gratitude, regret, appreciation or boredom, for example, Ti è piaciuto/a la puntata/il concerto di …? Cosa pensi di …? Preferisco … Penso che … Vorrei … Mi piace di più … Purtroppo ... Insomma!
  • debating pros and cons related to topics such as adolescenti a dieta or the l’uso dei social media, for example, Sono pro/contro ... perché ... Di pro/contro c’è
  • exchanging letters, emails and videos with peers in Italy, comparing aspects of youth lifestyle, school and environment, using comparisons when expressing thoughts and ideas, for example, Come trascorrerete le vacanze estive? Come voi, anche noi andiamo in Italia …

  VCITC077 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising