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• VCELU032

  Examine how Greek language and culture is variously expressed in different linguistic and cultural settings, identifying and explaining variations

  Elaborations

  • examining and explaining variations in language use in different Greek-speaking communities, and why the Greek language varies according to geographical location
  • discussing elements of Greek language and culture and how they have become part of Australian lifestyles, for example, celebrations such as το Γλέντι, το Πανηγύρι
  • identifying and comparing the function and power of cultural representations, such as symbols and stories, for example, flags, Greek myths and legends

  VCELU032 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCELU183

  Understand and apply grammatical structures, such as passive and active voice, negation, word order and time clauses, recognising that they serve particular functions and that grammatical choices shape meaning

  Elaborations

  • choosing appropriate terms to describe events across time (present, past and future) and choosing appropriate tense, for example, Φέτος θα πάω διακοπές στην Κύπρο, Πέρσι γύρισα όλη την Έλλαδα
  • recognising the order of pronouns to emphasise who is carrying out an action or to refer to a person or thing, and applying agreement in gender and number to identify subject and object, for example, Κανείς δεν είναι τέλειος, Μου αρέσουν αυτοί που λένε την αλήθεια
  • using a range of adverbs and adjectives to modify and intensify meaning of verbs and adjectives, for example, ακριβώς, αρκετά, πολύ, λίγο, πολλή
  • using cohesive devices such as conjunctions to link, clarify and sequence ideas and modify meaning in written and spoken texts, for example, Αφού δεν είχα αρκετά λεφτά, γύρισα σπίτι μου, γιατί, επειδή, αλλά, και, τότε
  • responding to and using imperative mood, for example, ελάτε, γράψε
  • using a range of nouns and adjectives and possessive forms, for example, μου/μας/σου/του/της/τους, δικό τους, δικά μας
  • seeking information using a range of questions, for example, Tι; Mήπως ξέρεις; Πώς; Πού; Γιατί; Πότε;
  • continuing to build a metalanguage to describe grammatical concepts and develop learning resources, for example, verb charts, vocabulary lists, groups of pronouns, adverbs or adjectives

  VCELU183 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELU152

  Explore the influence of Greek on the English language, such as morphemes in medical/scientific fields and in everyday language, such as school subjects and occupations, and how Greek has been influenced by the impact of new technology and knowledge

  Elaborations

  • recognising Greek morphemes (prefixes, suffixes and base words) in English, to explain spelling patterns in English, and to help work out meanings of unknown words, for example, anti-, astro-, auto-, bio-, deca-, demo-, geo-, -gram-, -graph-, hyper-, hypo-, -ic, -ism, -itis, kilo-, -logue, macro-, mega-, -meter, micro-, mono-, -morph-, neo-, octo-, -ology, pent-, -peri-, -phil-, -phobia, photo-, -poly-, psych-, -scope, tech-, tele-, -therm-, tri-
  • understanding that words derived from Ancient Greek are still being used today to create new words such as names of new technological/scientific discoveries for example, disc, giga-, mega-, metro
  • identifying familiar words in Greek and recognising their English equivalents, for example, το τηλέφωνο, η φωτογραφία, ο ποδίατρος, το δράμα, το θέατρο
  • using knowledge of familiar patterns and structures to decode and interpret meaning, for example, the Greek prefix ‘a-‘ in words can make the opposite meaning (ψητό – άψητο, symmetrical – asymmetrical)
  • understanding that English words are used in Modern Greek, but that Greek equivalents to these terms often also exist, for example, το κομπιούτερ-ο υπολογιστής, μπλε-γαλάζιο

  VCELU152 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCELU131

  Experiment with the pronunciation and writing of the alphabet letters, recognising sound–letter relationships, letter clusters and vowel–consonant combinations, using the accent mark to aid pronunciation

  Elaborations

  • identifying and pronouncing the sounds of the Greek alphabet as well as the most common digraphs and letter blends, for example, ου, αι, ει, οι (double vowels), μπ, ντ, γγ, γκ, τσ, τζ (double consonants), αυ, ευ (vowel combinations)
  • practising letter clusters,for example, στρ, μπρ, in common words or in names, Στράτος, μπράτσο
  • beginning to recognise high-frequency words such as η, ο, το, μου, έχω, είμαι, είναι, θέλω, να
  • comparing markings on words in different languages, for example, αλάτι (Greek), français, (French), váza (Czech), Grüße (German), niña (Spanish) and observing that the markings have different purposes
  • using the accent mark appropriately in Greek when writing, for pronunciation as well as meaning
  • applying appropriate punctuation marks such as full stop, comma (in lists), exclamation mark and question mark
  • using different strategies to remember new sounds, for example, mnemonics

  VCELU131 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELU133

  Recognise the linguistic features and structures of different texts used in familiar contexts, such as stories, songs, recipes and conversations

  Elaborations

  • identifying the main features of a short narrative, for example, a song, rhyme or poem; and a simple description or procedure, for example, a recipe, or a conversation
  • noticing the differences between texts within the same mode, for example, a birthday card and an email, and between multimodal texts, for example, reading the lyrics of a song and hearing it being sung, or reading a dialogue and acting it out
  • recognising how different textual elements combine to make meaning, for example, how the images, font, script and layout of different texts combine to create a whole advertisement, web page, or picture book

  VCELU133 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELU185

  Analyse culturally specific ways of interacting in Greek and how and why language use varies according to cultural contexts, considering why these differ from interactions in English or in other languages

  Elaborations

  • comparing texts created for different audiences, such as advertisements, brochures and signs, noticing how language use reflects ideas and messages that are relevant to a particular audience
  • investigating the nature and use of Greek language in different contexts of interaction, for example, asking Greek-speaking students in Australia with whom they communicate in Greek and for what purposes, reflecting on similarities and differences to interactions in English or other languages
  • analysing a range of correspondence and dialogue to identify features of language that affect levels of formality, such as the use of the subjunctive, imperative mood and plural polite register, for example, Αγαπημένε μου φίλε Γιάννη, γεια σου, Αξιότιμη κυρία Λασκαρίδη, Πες μου, Πείτε μου, Ας μιλήσουμε, Για να σε ακούσω
  • identifying English words in the Greek language, for example, πάρκινγκ, ζάπινγκ, and discussing their emergence and use

  VCELU185 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCELU034

  Explain how meanings may vary according to cultural assumptions and perspectives that people bring to interactions and experiences, recognising that such variations impact on intercultural communication

  Elaborations

  • examining existing generalisations relating to different cultures, such as in the classroom or local community, and discussing the variability of reality
  • reflecting on the impact of own values and cultural practices on intercultural experiences, and understanding the importance of mutual and self-respect, for example, understanding concepts such as το φιλότιμο, η τιμή
  • considering how the experience of learning a new language has impacted on awareness of own communicative behaviours and how these may be interpreted by others
  • appreciating that language use can reflect and express cultural identity, that many languages exist in Greece, Cyprus and Australia and that many people are multilingual and value this as part of their identity

  VCELU034 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCELU165

  Identify and reproduce irregularities of some sound–letter relationships and combinations, such as σμ, αυ, ευ, μία/μια, όι, άι, οϊ, αϊ, κι εγώ, build on pronunciation, using the accent mark for both intonation and meaning, spell frequently used words and apply accurate punctuation to writing

  Elaborations

  • examining differences in digraphs/diphthongs, consonant and vowel combinations, and double consonants
  • reinforcing the sounds represented by, for example, δ, θ, β, ξ,ψ, χ, and comparing similarities and differences between the Greek and Roman scripts
  • examining and applying the rules of accentuation when using Greek
  • identifying differences in tone, intonation and rhythm between statements, questions, exclamations and commands, for example, ορίστε, παρακαλώ, identifying and using irregularities in the language such as κι εγώ, μία-μια, δύο-δυο
  • applying punctuation and spelling rules to own writing
  • experimenting with pronunciation of less familiar texts

  VCELU165 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELU187

  Understand that language, culture and communication are interrelated and shaped by each other, and recognise how this impacts on attitudes and beliefs

  Elaborations

  • collecting examples of Greek in the local landscape, for example, in particular parts of the city such as marketplaces, exhibitions or cultural events, and discussing the influence and significance of Greek language and culture on the sustainability of communities in Australia today
  • reflecting on the impact of Greek migration on many other languages and cultures, for example, by conducting a classroom project on Greek ideas which have shaped and influenced the world
  • recognising the importance of learning and using different languages to access the cultural practices, values and beliefs of others
  • analysing and describing how language use and culture are interrelated and reflect and shape relationships, practices and attitudes across Greek-speaking communities

  VCELU187 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCELU115

  Understand elements of grammar such as word order, verb forms and personal pronouns related to questions, commands and short sentences, and develop vocabulary to describe self, friends and family

  Elaborations

  • recognising the order of words in phrases and sentences, for example, η μαμά μου, Δεν κάνει κρύο, Nα η θεία μου
  • observing that the accent mark indicates emphasis, for example, το βιβλίο, η γάτα, ο σκύλος
  • recognising that all nouns, in particular names in Greek, have an article and gender, for example, η Άννα, το σκυλί, ο μπαμπάς
  • understanding that adjectives have gender, for example, κόκκινος, κόκκινη, κόκκινο, μεγάλος, μεγάλη, μεγάλο, καλός, καλή, καλό
  • using adverbs to show where, for example, έξω, μέσα, εδώ, εκεί, πάνω, κάτω, γύρω
  • using simple adjectives and adverbs to enhance sentences, for example, Κάνει λίγο κρύο, Σ’ αγαπώ πολύ μαμά! Το σπίτι είναι πολύ μεγάλο
  • using verbs in the first person to describe aspects of self, for example, Είμαι αγόρι, είμαι έξι, έχω γάτα
  • recognising terms for common everyday nouns, for example, η πόρτα, η καρέκλα, το σπίτι, ο μπαμπάς
  • responding to and issuing commands, for example, έλα εδώ, κάτσε κάτω
  • responding to questions which include verbs in the second person, singular or plural, such as Πόσω(ν) χρονών είσαι; Τι κάνετε;
  • developing number knowledge for numbers up to 29 and using them in sentences such as Είμαι έξι
  • beginning to use conjunctions such as και

  VCELU115 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELU166

  Apply knowledge of grammatical features, such as tense, voice, regular and irregular verbs, adverbs, pronouns and adjectives, and use conjunctions to construct compound and complex sentences

  Elaborations

  • using a range of tenses and voices to describe routines and actions
  • using a range of regular and irregular verbs to develop sentence structures, for example, Χτες είδα το Γιάννη και μου είπε τα νέα
  • using adjectives to describe and compare people and aspects of the immediate environment, for example, O Γιάννης είναι ψηλός αλλά η Μαρία είναι πιο ψηλή/ψηλότερη, and using simple word order (subject–verb–object), for example, Η Άννα τρώει καρπούζι
  • using adverbs to modify and intensify the meaning of verbs and adjectives, for example, αρκετά, πολύ, λίγο
  • using pronouns such as αυτός, κάτι, as substitutes in sentences
  • recognising that some Greek nouns do not always reflect their grammatical gender, for example, in η γιατρός
  • using suffixes to vary and intensify the meaning of nouns, adjectives and adverbs, for example, to create diminutives/augmentatives such as μικρούλι, γατούλα, σπιτάκι, Γιαννάκης, ομαδάρα, σπιταρόνα
  • creating compound and complex sentences by using conjunctions, for example, Δε θα πάω στο σχολείο την Τετάρτη, γιατί θα πάω στη Μελβούρνη με την οικογένειά μου

  VCELU166 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELU116

  Recognise features of familiar spoken, written and visual texts, such as songs, labels and captions

  Elaborations

  • listening to, reading and viewing different simple texts in Greek, understanding that texts can be short or long; and spoken, written, digital, visual or multimodal; for example, songs, chants, labels, captions, stories and dialogues
  • identifying Greek from a selection of spoken or written texts from other languages represented in the classroom or in the school
  • comparing similar texts in Greek and English and noticing how they are the same or different, for example, a counting song, street signs or labels at a market

  VCELU116 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELU184

  Discuss the interrelationship between linguistic elements, context, purpose, audience and structure of a wide range of text types, such as poetry, biographies, blogs, emails and advertisements, and identify how cultural elements are incorporated

  Elaborations

  • recognising main features of a range of text types in Greek, for example, emails, plays, songs, poetry, and discussing how they are used and how they add to the richness of the text
  • analysing texts, such as advertisements and magazine articles, and discussing linguistic and cultural elements
  • reading, viewing and listening to different texts in Greek, paying attention to how messages can be expressed for different audiences and purposes, for example, reading messages on social media sites, emails, blogs
  • discussing language appropriate to particular text types, such as descriptive language in documentaries and persuasive language in advertisements
  • explaining form, features and purposes of texts, such as how they are organised in terms of layout, headings, sequencing of ideas and stylistic devices, for example, informative language in documentaries and persuasive language in advertisements

  VCELU184 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELU136

  Make connections between cultural practices and language use, for example, by identifying vocabulary, behaviours and expressions which reflect cultural values, beliefs and traditions

  Elaborations

  • examining aspects of authentic Greek culture, for example, sugared almonds at weddings and baptisms, βασιλόπιτα,τσουρέκι, their symbolism and the language associated with them
  • understanding concepts and values such as το γλέντι, and η παρέα , το πανηγύρι for example, during Greek festivals, birthdays and name days
  • recognising and explaining to others the significance of some Greek cultural practices sustained over time, for example, reasons for traditional Greek housing and events, for example, offering visitors food and drink, το κέρασμα στη γιορτή
  • experiencing the importance of music and dance in Greek culture, as an expression of identity and emotions (happiness, joy, sadness, national pride)

  VCELU136 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCELU017

  Identify connections between language, culture and communication, recognising how communication styles and practices vary across cultures and how intercultural exchange involves the exchange of meaning as well as words

  Elaborations

  • investigating own personal and community practices to identify connections with Greek language and culture, for example, in cooking, sport, music, dance or technology
  • discussing elements of culture in Greek language and their significance in reflecting values, attitudes and traditions, such as references to saints’ days
  • discussing, questioning and explaining understanding of own and other cultures, and considering how attitudes towards diversity and difference affect communication and the sustainability of communities
  • examining culturally specific terms and phrases, such as η παρέα , το κέφι, Στην υγειά σου, Με γεια, Γεια στα χέρια σου/σας, developing appropriate explanations for them and discussing equivalent terms in other languages

  VCELU017 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCELU170

  Understand how language use reflects cultural ideas, assumptions and perspectives, and reflect on how what is considered acceptable in communication varies across cultures

  Elaborations

  • discussing ways of communicating across cultures, the significance of cultural concepts and how social conventions are reflected in language use, for example, Γεια μας!, Nα΄σαι καλά, Σιδερένιος, Να ζήσετε, Πάντα άξιος, considering assumptions and perspectives
  • analysing the meaning and use of proverbs, idioms and sayings, for example, Δείξε μου τον φίλο σου να σου πω ποιος είσαι, discussing how they reflect culture and traditions
  • reflect on ways cultural ideas embedded in language influence places occupied by Greek diaspora and the sustainability of those places

  VCELU170 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCELU118

  Recognise that Australia has speakers of many different languages, including Greek, and that languages borrow words from each other and sometimes use the same alphabet symbols and vocabulary

  Elaborations

  • understanding that the 26 English alphabet letters (Latin/Roman alphabet), have their roots in the Ancient Greek alphabet, recognising the similar order of letters and comparing lower and upper case Greek and English alphabet letters
  • understanding that there are many everyday words and names in English that have Greek origins, for example, alphabet, Chloe, disco, echidna, eucalyptus, hippopotamus, mathematics, school, story, telephone, Timothy, Zoe
  • understanding that there are many technical/scientific words in English that have Greek origins, for example, astronaut, chemist, dentist, disc, physiotherapist, telescope, thermometer

  VCELU118 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCELU014

  Recognise and understand characteristic features of common types of text, comparing them with equivalent texts in English

  Elaborations

  • comparing texts in Greek and English by identifying similarities and differences, for example, postcards, diary entries, short emails or a personal note to a friend
  • identifying characteristic features of familiar text types such as signs, instructions, songs, advertisements and invitations, and noting differences in expression and levels of formality, for example, a wedding invitation or a clothing sale at a store
  • transforming a simple text, such as a short song, into another text type, for example, a conversation or cartoon, applying the key features of the second text type and making comparisons with transforming a similar text in English

  VCELU014 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELU033

  Understand how the Greek language has evolved, and how it continues to change over time due to processes such as globalisation, migration, and the influence of technology and popular culture

  Elaborations

  • exploring how the Greek language has been influenced by migration, for example, the use of non-Greek words such as τα μπίλια instead of οι λογαριασμοί as an Australian phenomenon
  • examining how technology has influenced the Greek language, for example, σκανάρω, το μπλογκ, σερφάρω
  • discussing how changes to the Greek language reflect changes in some cultural practices and attitudes, for example, το έτοιμο φαγητό
  • exploring the impact of globalisation on Greek language use, such as the increased use of English words, such as blog, computer, mobile/cell phone, parking

  VCELU033 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCELU167

  Examine the structure and linguistic choices of a range of personal, informative and imaginative texts, such as digital/online diary entries, news reports, cartoons and stories, and consider how these choices were influenced by audience and purpose

  Elaborations

  • describing the main features of familiar text types, for example, cartoon, digital story/DVD, storyboard, online news report, and identifying features such as sequencing
  • observing that texts are constructed for a variety of purposes, such as to request, instruct, invite or describe, for example, an invitation to a party or a greeting card
  • identifying the structure and organisation of a range of text types, for example, comparing emails and letters, written notes, text messages and print and digital versions of a journal/diary entry
  • identifying and comparing features of language use in different text types, such as formality/informality, headings, and lexical and grammatical choices that distinguish textual purpose and audience

  VCELU167 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language