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• VCESC183

  Engage in class discussions and debates, justifying opinions, evaluating perspectives and reflecting on own language learning

  Elaborations

  • interacting in class discussion and debate by taking turns, expressing agreement/disagreement, and providing encouragement for example, Es mi turno ahora, Estoy de acuerdo contigo… No comparto esa opinión… Me parece una idea estupenda
  • initiating and sustaining discussion by acknowledging different viewpoints (Tienes otro punto de vista, Ese aspecto lo veo de la siguiente manera…), asking for repetition or clarification (¿Qué quieres decir…?) or inviting further elaboration (¿Cómo? Eso quiere decir que…)
  • using argument and expressive or persuasive language to discuss topical issues such as La sostenibilidad, Los derechos humanos, for example, como sabemos … es evidente que … nadie puede negar …
  • using metalanguage to discuss language and language learning and to engage in peer and self-reflection, for example, Cuando hablo español tiendo a mover las manos más… Me gusta hablar español porque siento que he empezado a entender algunos aspectos culturales del mundo hispanohablante

  VCESC183 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCESC184

  Analyse, synthesise and evaluate ideas and information from multiple sources on a range of local and global issues

  Elaborations

  • gathering information from a range of print and digital sources on topics such as ecoturismo or machismo, and identifying, evaluating and reporting on perspectives
  • distinguishing between fact and opinion in texts such as articles and reports, using critical literacy skills to recognise bias, for example, identifying the author, audience and purpose of the text
  • comparing and evaluating a range of perspectives on topics such as health, music, sport and religion presented in different media texts, and considering why people may have different perspectives
  • presenting commentaries collected from print, digital and personal sources of information on issues of interest to themselves and other young people, such as El impacto de los medios sociales en la vida cotidiana, El vestuario y la identidad, La influencia de la música en los jóvenes, classifying issues according to viewpoints and perspectives
  • researching cultural characteristics of a specific group of Spanish speakers to inform a course of action such as providing a Spanish-speaking exchange student with a suitable placement or a group of Spanish visitors with a suitable menu, or deciding on an appropriate time of year to visit a particular Spanish-speaking country or region
  • analysing published accounts of an event such as a sports match, a concert or a street party, identifying varying viewpoints

  VCESC184 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCESC028

  Consider own reactions when engaging with Spanish speakers and resources and how these may reflect aspects of own language and culture

  Elaborations

  • keeping a record such as a journal, log or online posting of critical incidents and observations in the course of intercultural language learning, such as breakdowns or breakthroughs in communication, and considering why or how they occurred and were repaired
  • finding examples of how language reflects cultural concepts and values across the Spanish-speaking world, for example, religious references in sayings such as Al que madruga Diós le ayuda, Bendito sea … Adiós; and changes to language forms that reflect changes in social values, such as the adoption of some feminine forms of professional titles (La doctora/el doctor, la abogada/el abogado, la jefa/el jefe)
  • recognising differences in the nature and function of some elements of communication in Spanish compared to English, for example, the enjoyment of debate, disagreement and argument as social rather than confrontational activities, or greater directness in exchanges such as making requests using the direct imperative form
  • discussing how intercultural communication involves being flexible, responsive and open to differences in ways of communicating views or emotions, for example, the less explicit expression of appreciation or thanks in Spanish, variation in attitudes to time

  VCESC028 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCESC023

  Organise and present critical perspectives on information obtained from different sources to a variety of audiences

  Elaborations

  • researching, presenting and taking a position on questions relating to contemporary topics such as Los efectos de las redes sociales en la vida de los jóvenes
  • producing a brochure to identify aspects of their city/town/region likely to be of interest to Spanish-speaking visitors of the same age
  • presenting a personal or shared perspective on topics such as fashion, music, cinema or social media, using formats such as displays, online posts or oral presentations to provide critical or explanatory commentary
  • researching and presenting information about social and environmental issues affecting Spanish-speaking regions of the world, for example, consecuencias de la deforestación en el Amazonas

  VCESC023 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCESC181

  Discuss and compare young people’s interests, behaviours and values across cultural contexts

  Elaborations

  • exchanging emails and participating in online forums with peers in a Spanish-speaking context to share views about aspects of teenage life such as friends, responsibilities, interests, aspirations and topical issues
  • interviewing class members to elicit opinions on personal experiences and significant events from their past, and identifying common themes or reactions
  • comparing responses to events or texts such as a concert or television program, using evaluative and expressive language to convey reactions such as excitement, appreciation or boredom (Me encantó esa canción, ¡Aprecio tus palabras! ¡Qué aburrido!), and initiating and scaffolding conversation by introducing topics, inviting contributions or asking for clarification, for example, No he entendido bien… ¿Qué piensas? ¿Qué te parece si hablamos de…?
  • maintaining and extending conversations by following up on others’ contributions, elaborating on own comments and extending the topic, for example, Creo que tú tienes razón pero… Me gustaría agregar que…

  VCESC181 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCESC019

  Socialise, exchange and compare ideas and opinions in relation to issues relevant to their own lives and interests, such as relationships, events and aspirations

  Elaborations

  • expressing, comparing and explaining likes, dislikes and preferences, for example, Me gusta más el baloncesto que el fútbol, Me encanta la historia porque me parece interesante, Nuestro colegio es grandísimo, es el más grande de la ciudad. Lo que más me gusta hacer los fines de semana es chatear con mis amigos
  • corresponding with peers by using telephone/video calls, SMS or social media to build relationships and share views on aspects of young people’s lives such as friends, responsibilities, interests and aspirations
  • expressing hopes, opinions and ambitions, giving reasons for plans, for example, Espero aprobar los exámenes, Creo que ..., Pienso (+ infinitive), prefiero ...¿y tú?, Y vosotros ¿Qué opináis?, Estoy de acuerdo contigo, ¿Estáis de acuerdo?, En el futuro, me gustaría ser ...
  • sharing past experiences and significant events, such as holidays, special events or travel, for example, En mis vacaciones, primero fuimos a..., después ... Durante la segunda semana ... y entonces ... Fue fenomenal ... Al final ... Y ¿Qué tal tus vacaciones?
  • discussing personal views on topics such as acoso escolar, ideal de belleza and música, using expressions such as de ninguna manera...claro que sí... to link and elaborate ideas

  VCESC019 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCESC186

  Engage with and review creative texts, identifying and explaining cultural attitudes and key messages

  Elaborations

  • collaborating in critical and cultural readings of the imaginative content of texts such as blogs or song lyrics to explore Spanish-language forms of creative expression
  • composing a review of a film or short story, identifying how the text uses language and textual features to convey emotions and perspectives, for example, Este video no muestra la realidad de la posición de la mujer, Los personajes en este texto se sienten felices
  • reading, viewing or listening to extracts from expressive contemporary texts such as poems, dance, street art or musical performances, identifying elements that reflect the culture or experience of Spanish-speaking communities
  • expressing responses to oral, written and digital texts such as short stories, poems, cartoons, films, raps and songs (es muy conmovedor, es preocupante, son melancólicas, es demasiado hermoso, es divertido, da risa), and identifying how mood is created and how storylines are developed
  • analysing the lyrics of contemporary songs from the Spanish-speaking world, identifying key messages and evaluating expressive styles

  VCESC186 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCESC027

  Create bilingual texts such as displays, explanatory or promotional material or performances for immediate and virtual environments

  Elaborations

  • providing bilingual captions that represent cultural elements or references to accompany images from the Spanish-speaking world or from regional Australia, for example, los nazarenos en las procesiones de Semana Santa, el sombrero mexicano y el sombrero de los corchos australiano, el ‘vegemite’ y las tortillas españolas, el canguro y el cóndor, el rodeo y los toros, bailes y ceremonias indígenas
  • producing bilingual instructional or explanatory texts such as glossaries, for example to explain the rules of Australian games, activities or sports, such as cricket, netball, Australian Rules football, bushwalking or surf lifesaving
  • creating and contributing to a shared online bilingual word bank of Spanish and English colloquial and idiomatic words that are difficult to translate, for example, comadre, compadre, qué metida de pata; ‘schoolies’, ‘School of the Air’, ‘sickie’
  • performing a virtual guided tour for intending exchange students, including dramatisations of potential miscommunication between Spanish and English speakers

  VCESC027 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCESC190

  Participate in intercultural experiences, reflecting on own ways of communicating and considering how intercultural communication involves shared responsibility for meaning-making

  Elaborations

  • considering how learning and using Spanish offers different ways of interpreting the world and representing experience
  • reflecting on how meaning can be misinterpreted in intercultural interactions, for example, by preparing a shared list of strategies to improve communication and intercultural skills
  • recognising differences in the nature and function of some elements of communication in Spanish compared to English, for example, the enjoyment of debate, disagreement and argument as social rather than confrontational activities; and greater levels of directness in exchanges, such as making requests using direct imperative
  • keeping a record such as a journal, log or online posting of critical incidents and observations in the course of intercultural language learning, such as breakdowns or breakthroughs in communication, and considering why or how they occurred and were repaired
  • recording and sharing reflections on their experiences of learning Spanish and on different reactions to aspects of the language and culture, for example, Tengo problemas pronunciando la doble r, es difícil para mí y se me olvida que la h no suena en español, Me gustaría poder hablar más rápidamente en español

  VCESC190 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCESC024

  Respond to a range of imaginative oral, print and digital texts by interpreting or modifying them to express own ideas and feelings

  Elaborations

  • using examples of popular rap forms to create and perform versions that express their own feelings and values
  • expressing individual responses to imaginative and expressive multimedia texts, including performance and visual arts, using modelled and scaffolded language, for example, demasiado triste, ¡tan cómico!, horrible, era muy entretenido porque ..., me fascina la manera de ..., me encantó cuando ...fue trágico el final de ..., para mí las imágenes representan…, personalmente prefiero…
  • engaging with rhythm, intonation and imagery to create mood and meaning in own poems, songs or performances, experimenting with language, voice and gesture to create specific effects
  • responding to imaginative texts by modifying key elements, for example, incorporating a new character or event, creating a different mood, parodying an advertisement or devising a new ending to a story

  VCESC024 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCESC022

  Analyse and interpret information, ideas and perspectives obtained from a range of spoken, written and digital texts and present these in new forms

  Elaborations

  • analysing and comparing information obtained from different sources on topics of social and cultural interest, such as el cine latinoamericano comtemporáneo, el efecto del turismo en las tortugas de las Islas Galápagos or los refugiados en España, and summarising and presenting information to peers in conversation or on a shared website
  • synthesising and summarising a variety of texts such as announcements, reports, interviews and conversations on topical issues such as Las corridas de toros or La influencia del internet en la música, classifying and cross-referencing key ideas and associated language for use in own texts
  • identifying perspectives and context in texts such as articles and reports by distinguishing between facts and opinion, for example, by identifying the author, intended audience and purpose of a text
  • researching and classifying social, historical and cultural aspects of Spanish-speaking communities by gathering information from a range of sources, including personal commentaries by Spanish-speaking peers and adults

  VCESC022 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCESC026

  Translate texts from Spanish into English and vice versa, noticing and explaining words or expressions that are culturally specific and difficult to translate

  Elaborations

  • analysing Spanish translations of familiar English-language texts, identifying aspects that got ‘lost in translation’, for example, comparing the English subtitles of a movie dubbed in Spanish with the original English speaking version
  • translating texts such as signs, product instructions, notices or advertisements, comparing versions and considering how to convey culturally embedded references and concepts
  • evaluating the effectiveness of electronic translators, for example, by doing a back translation of a well-known text
  • identifying challenges associated with the translation of simple texts such as short letters or conversations, deciding whether different information is required in the translated version, for example, deciding if ‘you’ should become tú, usted or vosotros, depending on the social relationship being conveyed in the letter or exchange

  VCESC026 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCESC021

  Plan and evaluate collaborative activities and tasks that involve expressing and comparing opinions

  Elaborations

  • using appropriate discussion protocols such as acknowledging others’ opinions, responding to others’ contributions, and elaborating and extending topics, for example, Perdona, pero no estoy de acuerdo contigo porque …, me parece mejor … ¿qué os/les parece si…?
  • using reflective and evaluative language to discuss the experience of learning and using Spanish and to evaluate resources such as textbooks, websites or electronic dictionaries, for example, Creo que... porque, Prefiero…, Es más útil que…, Tiene menos …que, En primer lugar, creo... Ahora creo que…, No estoy de acuerdo
  • participating in class discussion by offering own opinions (Me parece que…), eliciting and reflecting on those of others (¿Qué les parece?), and agreeing (¡Qué buena idea!) or disagreeing (No me parece una buena idea)

  VCESC021 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCESC191

  Explore and compare cultural traditions in both the Spanish-speaking world and their own cultural contexts, considering how these influence identity

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on own cultural identity in terms of family background, community relationships and contact with languages (including Spanish), and tracking changes over time
  • composing an online ‘cultural ID profile’ to exchange with Spanish-speaking peers, making decisions about what points of information will be of most interest
  • discussing whether or not they believe that the study of Spanish has influenced their own identity, and explaining their opinions to others

  VCESC191 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCESC029

  Consider and discuss the relationship between language, culture and identity

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on own sense of identity, considering whether it is fixed or fluid, for example, whether they communicate and present themselves in different ways, in different contexts or with different people
  • examining how identity is expressed through language, with reference to languages spoken by themselves, their peers, family or community members
  • composing a ‘cultural ID profile’ to share online with Spanish-speaking friends, making decisions about what points of information will be of most interest
  • monitoring own ways of communicating and expressing their sense of identity in different contexts and interactions, including when using Spanish, noticing whether they have a different sense of themselves when using a different language
  • critically examining the impact of cultural stereotypes and expectations in relation to cultural identity and intercultural communication, for example, by reflecting on changes in perceptions of or attitudes towards other languages and cultures as a result of learning Spanish

  VCESC029 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCESU196

  Understand and analyse the power of language to influence people, actions, values and beliefs

  Elaborations

  • examining language used in texts such as protest songs, posters and graffiti to identify ways in which language is used for social influence and commentary, for example, “Todo cambia“ ¡No malgaste el agua!
  • analysing examples of language used for social commentary or to influence actions or beliefs, such as emotive language and images in reports on cruelty to children or to animals (la violencia, la negligencia, la intimidación, el abuso, el acoso), and examining how specialised language can create barriers for some members of a language community, for example, legal or medical terms, arts-related expressions or bureaucratic language
  • understanding how language variation can reflect cultural and social identity, and inclusion or exclusion, for example, los refugiados versus los ilegales; the use of jargon or jergas (currar, laburar, estar al loro, ir de marcha, mala onda, tipo, chavo, pibe) to include or exclude; and the inclusive language of political speeches (los ciudadanos y ciudadanas ...)
  • recognising the purpose of particular texts to impact emotionally on others such as by influencing opinions and reactions, for example, in persuasive texts such as advertisements or reviews of a film, concert or fashion show

  VCESU196 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCESU195

  Analyse how language use in both spoken and written modes varies according to the geographical location and cultural profile of Spanish-speaking communities

  Elaborations

  • comparing texts created for different audiences in different Spanish-speaking regions and countries, or for urban and rural communities, noticing how language reflects ideas, concerns and priorities of specific communities, for example, Alturas de Machu Picchu by Pablo Neruda …labrador, tejedor,. pastor callado: domador de guanacos tutelares: albañil del andamio desafiado…
  • investigating varieties of language used by members of different Spanish-speaking communities and how they have changed over time
  • analysing and using language, body language and gestures in culturally appropriate ways specific to Spanish speakers or speakers of Australian English, in forms of expression such as idioms and song lyrics
  • observing that many Spanish speakers are multilingual and regularly shift between languages to achieve different purposes and to draw on additional communicative resources
  • recognising that language is used differently to achieve different purposes, for example, the use of contractions, emoticons and acronyms in text messages for the purpose of speed and economy; the use of slang, specialised or inclusive language to establish shared interest or identity

  VCESU195 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCESU030

  Recognise and apply rules of Spanish pronunciation, stress and intonation, demonstrating awareness of differences in accent and pronunciation across the Spanish-speaking world, and use appropriate writing conventions

  Elaborations

  • recognising the importance of appropriate stress, pronunciation and spelling for meaning-making, for example, estudio versus estudió
  • understanding variation in pronunciation across the Spanish-speaking world, for example, the pronunciation of ce and ci in different regions (ceceo or seseo) for example in the words gracias, Cecilia, and the soft sh pronunciation of the letters ll and y in Argentine Spanish (calle/cashe)
  • adapting the tone, intonation and rhythm of language to their own expressive needs and to the nature of the interaction, for example, calming a child or attracting attention
  • using the Spanish alphabet to spell out names or expressions, noticing similarities and differences to English and using correct terminology for accents and marks (tilde, acento, diéresis)
  • listening to and reciting texts such as poems, stories or song lyrics to familiarise themselves with the rhythm and musicality of the language, for example, Proverbios y cantares de Antonio Machado, Guantanamera de José Martí

  VCESU030 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCESU034

  Examine ongoing changes in Spanish as a language of local and international communication, considering the power of language to both influence and reflect culture

  Elaborations

  • identifying Spanish words borrowed from different languages across time and through political, historical and social changes, for example, words of Arabic origin that start with the prefix al-, such as almanaque, alcachofa, algodón, álgebra and alcohol, and some common interjections also derived from Arabic, such as ¡hola!, ¡ojalá!, ¡olé!
  • identifying the movement of language elements across and between times and contexts, such as words from indigenous languages adopted into Spanish and then exported to other languages, for example, words of Náhuatl origin such as aguacate, chocolate, cacao, chile, chicle and guacamole
  • noticing components of Spanish language that reflect particular cultural histories and influences, such as technological and scientific terms derived from classical Latin and Greek, for example, continente, vegetación, bacteria, biología, protocolo and mecánico
  • reflecting on the power of language in terms of their own experience, for example, by identifying comments from friends, teachers or public figures that have influenced or affected them
  • understanding the power of language to influence people’s actions and beliefs, such as the language of persuasion in political speeches or community appeals, for example, puede hacer su donación a la..., ofrezca tu tiempo voluntariamente despué del terremoto en Chile

  VCESU034 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCESU036

  Understand the role of language and culture in shaping cultural identity and consider how learning a second language encourages a broadening of perspectives

  Elaborations

  • participating in guided discussion and reflection on the nature and role of ‘culture’ and its relationship with language, noting any shifts in own attitudes or understandings about culture, identity and diversity as a consequence of learning and using Spanish
  • talking with bilingual speakers about the experience of using more than one language, for example, by asking questions such as: ‘Do you identify more strongly with one language? Do you express yourself differently in each language? Do you feel like the same “you” when speaking each language?’
  • discussing ways in which learning a different language can lead to new ways of thinking or interpreting experience, for example, by providing different perspectives on the experience of younger or older people or in relation to family roles and relationships
  • developing language for thinking and talking about cultural representation and expression, for example, terms such as ‘perspectives’, ‘values’, ‘images’, ‘stereotypes’, ‘inclusions’ and ‘exclusions’
  • critically analysing texts such as advertisements, brochures, catalogues, graffiti and websites in Spanish that show different representations of culture, reflecting on language use, images and symbols

  VCESU036 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture