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• VC2M9M05

  use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving direct proportion, rates, ratio and scale, including financial contexts; formulate the problems and interpret solutions in terms of the situation; evaluate the model and report methods and findings

  Elaborations

  • modelling situations that involve direct proportion (such as pro rata pay rates, exchange rates, multiple quotes for a job, conversion between scales or other appropriate science contexts); for example, situations that involve Hooke’s law and other science contexts involving wavelengths and frequencies
  • modelling situations that impact on image editing used in social media and how proportion may not be maintained and can result in distorted images
  • modelling situations involving compliance with building and construction standards in design and construction, such as the rise and tread of staircases, and vertical and horizontal components of escalators
  • modelling situations involving the application of rates in practical contexts, for example, density, birth, flow or heartbeats
  • exploring fire techniques in land management practices used by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples that use proportion relationships, including the rate of fire spread in different fuel types to wind speed, temperature and relative humidity

  VC2M9M05 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Measurement

• VC2M9M04

  calculate and interpret absolute, relative and percentage errors in measurements

  Elaborations

  • investigating error as a percentage of the exact value; for example, comparing an estimation of the number of people expected to come to an event by subtracting the actual number that turned up to give an error, then converting this into a percentage error
  • using absolute value in a percentage error formula; considering when they would use the absolute value and when they would not, depending upon the context
  • calculating the percentage errors in expected budgets to actual expenditure
  • estimating the accuracy of measurements in practical contexts and giving suitable lower and upper bounds for measurement values

  VC2M9M04 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Measurement

• VCMMG315

  Investigate very small and very large time scales and intervals

  Elaborations

  • investigating the usefulness of scientific notation in representing very large and very small numbers

  VCMMG315 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Measurement and Geometry | Using units of measurement

• VCMMG313

  Calculate the surface area and volume of cylinders and solve related problems

  Elaborations

  • analysing nets of cylinders to establish formulas for surface area
  • connecting the volume and capacity of a cylinder to solve authentic problems

  VCMMG313 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Measurement and Geometry | Using units of measurement

• VCMMG317

  Solve problems using ratio and scale factors in similar figures

  Elaborations

  • establishing the relationship between areas of similar figures and the ratio of corresponding sides (scale factor)

  VCMMG317 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Measurement and Geometry | Geometric reasoning

• VCMMG314

  Solve problems involving the surface area and volume of right prisms

  Elaborations

  • solving practical problems involving surface area and volume of right prisms

  VCMMG314 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Measurement and Geometry | Using units of measurement

• VCMMG316

  Use the enlargement transformation to explain similarity and develop the conditions for triangles to be similar

  Elaborations

  • establishing the conditions for similarity of two triangles and comparing this to the conditions for congruence
  • using the properties of similarity and ratio, and correct mathematical notation and language, to solve problems involving enlargement. For example, scale diagrams
  • using the enlargement transformation to establish similarityunderstanding that similarity and congruence help describe relationships between geometrical shapes and are important elements of reasoning and proof

  VCMMG316 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Measurement and Geometry | Geometric reasoning

• VCMMG312

  Calculate the areas of composite shapes

  Elaborations

  • understanding that partitioning composite shapes into rectangles and triangles is a strategy for solving problems involving area

  VCMMG312 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Measurement and Geometry | Using units of measurement

• VCMMG320

  Apply trigonometry to solve right-angled triangle problems

  Elaborations

  • understanding the terms 'adjacent' and 'opposite' sides in a right-angled triangle
  • selecting and accurately using the correct trigonometric ratio to find unknown sides (adjacent, opposite and hypotenuse) and angles in right-angled triangles

  VCMMG320 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Measurement and Geometry | Pythagoras and trigonometry

• VCMMG319

  Use similarity to investigate the constancy of the sine, cosine and tangent ratios for a given angle in right-angled triangles

  Elaborations

  • developing understanding of the relationship between the corresponding sides of similar right-angled triangles

  VCMMG319 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Measurement and Geometry | Pythagoras and trigonometry

• VCMMG318

  Investigate Pythagoras’ Theorem and its application to solving simple problems involving right angled triangles

  Elaborations

  • understanding that Pythagoras' Theorem is a useful tool in determining unknown lengths in right-angled triangles and has widespread applications
  • recognising that right-angled triangle calculations may generate results that can be integers, fractions or irrational numbers

  VCMMG318 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Measurement and Geometry | Pythagoras and trigonometry

• VC2M9N01

  recognise that the real number system includes the rational numbers and the irrational numbers, and solve problems involving real numbers with and without using digital tools

  Elaborations

  • investigating the real number system by representing the relationships between irrational numbers, rational numbers, integers and natural numbers and discussing the difference between exact representations and approximate decimal representations of irrational numbers
  • using a real number line to indicate the solution interval for inequalities of the form ax+b <c ,
    for example, 2x+7<0 ; or of the form ax+b>c , for example, 1.2x-5.4>10.8
  • using positive and negative rational numbers to solve problems, for example, for financial planning such as budgeting
  • solving problems involving the substitution of real numbers into formulas, understanding that solutions can be represented in exact form or as a decimal approximation, such as calculating the area of a circle using the formula A=πr2 and specifying the answer in terms of π as an exact real number; for example, the circumference of a circle with diameter 5 units is 5π units, and the exact area is π(52)2=254π square units, which rounds to 19.63 square units, correct to 2 decimal places
  • investigating the position of rational and irrational numbers on the real number line, using geometric constructions to locate rational numbers and square roots on a number line; for example, 2 is located at the intersection of an arc and the number line, where the radius of the arc is the length of the diagonal of a one-unit square

  VC2M9N01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Number

• VCMNA311

  Graph simple non-linear relations with and without the use of digital technologies and solve simple related equations

  Elaborations

  • graphing parabolas, and circles connecting x-intercepts of a graph to a related equation

  VCMNA311 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Number and Algebra | Linear and non-linear relationships

• VCMNA309

  Find the midpoint and gradient of a line segment (interval) on the Cartesian plane using a range of strategies, including graphing software

  Elaborations

  • investigating graphical and algebraic techniques for finding midpoint and gradient
  • recognising that the gradient of a line is the same as the gradient of any line segment on that line

  VCMNA309 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Number and Algebra | Linear and non-linear relationships

• VCMNA310

  Sketch linear graphs using the coordinates of two points and solve linear equations

  Elaborations

  • determining linear rules from suitable diagrams, tables of values and graphs and describing them using both words and algebra

  VCMNA310 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Number and Algebra | Linear and non-linear relationships

• VCMNA308

  Find the distance between two points located on a Cartesian plane using a range of strategies, including graphing software

  Elaborations

  • investigating graphical and algebraic techniques for finding distance between two points
  • using Pythagoras' theorem to calculate distance between two points

  VCMNA308 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Number and Algebra | Linear and non-linear relationships

• VCMNA306

  Apply the distributive law to the expansion of algebraic expressions, including binomials, and collect like terms where appropriate

  Elaborations

  • understanding that the distributive law can be applied to algebraic expressions as well as numbers
  • understanding the relationship between expansion and factorisation and identifying algebraic factors in algebraic expressions

  VCMNA306 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Number and Algebra | Patterns and algebra

• VCMNA303

  Express numbers in scientific notation

  Elaborations

  • representing extremely large and small numbers in scientific notation, and numbers expressed in scientific notation as whole numbers or decimals

  VCMNA303 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Number and Algebra | Real numbers

• VCMNA304

  Solve problems involving simple interest

  Elaborations

  • understanding that financial decisions can be assisted by mathematical calculations

  VCMNA304 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Number and Algebra | Money and financial mathematics

• VCMNA305

  Extend and apply the index laws to variables, using positive integer indices and the zero index

  Elaborations

  • understanding that index laws apply to variables as well as numbers

  VCMNA305 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Number and Algebra | Patterns and algebra