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• VCEALL256

  Use a small range of descriptive language

  Elaborations

  • using a range of adjectives to express affect (‘frightened’, ‘surprised’), judgement (‘naughty’, ‘brave’) and appreciation (‘interesting’, ‘amazing’)
  • forming simple noun groups that combine one or two adjectives with a noun, for example ‘hot day’, ‘scary old house’
  • formulating short adverbial phrases, such as ‘on my bike’, ‘with his brother’, ‘every week’

  VCEALL256 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL416

  Use basic and some complex verb forms accurately

  Elaborations

  • applying verb tenses more consistently, for example using most common irregular past tenses, such as ‘came’, ‘gave’, ‘thought’, ‘said’
  • using correct subject–verb agreement with simple and some complex tenses, such as ‘I go’, ‘She goes’, ‘My cousin has come to visit’
  • forming multi-word negatives accurately, for example including auxiliary and modal verbs (‘He did not need to carry that’) or expressing more complex tense (‘She has not started yet’)

  VCEALL416 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL025

  Borrow key words from previous speaker

  Elaborations

  • borrowing key words from questions to compose answers, such as Student 1: ‘Do you want to play chasey?’, Student 2: ‘Yeah, play chasey’

  VCEALL025 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL293

  Reread familiar texts to increase accuracy and fluency and to enhance understanding

  Elaborations

  • repeating a sentence with corrected pronunciation and improved fluency

  VCEALL293 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL472

  Combine simple sentences using common conjunctions

  Elaborations

  • combining simple sentences using a range of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions, for example ‘We need trees so we should not cut them all down’, ‘Riding motorbikes can be dangerous, but people still like to do it because it is exciting’

  VCEALL472 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL706

  Compare the structures of different texts

  Elaborations

  • comparing features of everyday or school texts on related topics, such as a report and a review
  • using annotations, tables or Venn diagrams to record and communicate comparisons

  VCEALL706 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL318

  Spell accurately common words encountered in the classroom

  Elaborations

  • spelling accurately high-frequency words and words learnt in class, such as ‘the’, ‘and’, ‘is’, ‘it’
  • using sound or visual features to spell new words, for example ‘evry’
  • referring to classroom charts and personal vocabulary lists to check or confirm spelling

  VCEALL318 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL047

  Identify repetitive words or phrases in known texts

  Elaborations

  • pointing to or counting repeated words in a text, for example ‘How many times can you see the word “me”?’
  • identifying characters or objects that are represented in both images and print text

  VCEALL047 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL107

  Identify key words and ideas from short, familiar spoken texts supported by context

  Elaborations

  • recognising familiar and learnt vocabulary in short spoken texts
  • understanding key information in short texts about a topic studied in class, and responding to questions, such as naming characters from a story, identifying an animal illustration based on a description
  • using contextual information, including images, word lists or print texts, to identify key words and ideas

  VCEALL107 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL103

  Use a small range of common verb forms accurately

  Elaborations

  • using some forms of the verbs ‘to be’ and ‘to have’ correctly, such as ‘Her name is Mia’
  • using correct verb endings, such as ‘–ing’, ‘–ed’, with some consistency
  • using a range of common verb tenses for familiar verbs, such as present simple tense (for example ‘walk’, ‘go’), present continuous tense (for example ‘is walking’, ‘is going’), regular and common irregular past tenses (for example ‘walked’, ‘went’)
  • understanding basic expressions of modality when listening, such as ‘want to’, ‘have to’, ‘should’
  • beginning to use basic modal verbs, such as ‘want to’, ‘have to’, ‘should’

  VCEALL103 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL712

  Identify thematic groupings of words in a text

  Elaborations

  • grouping or classifying words with the same topic, theme or function, such as ‘gravity’, ‘pull’, ‘force’
  • tracing word chains that refer to a particular idea in a text, for example ‘Junk food contains harmful additives. Salt can cause heart problems, while sugar is linked to diabetes’
  • organising related words to show their relationships, for example in a word cline, on a word map

  VCEALL712 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL447

  Apply knowledge of letter–sound relationships to deduce the pronunciation of new words

  Elaborations

  • sounding out new words using letter–sound patterns and individual letters
  • breaking words into syllables and phonemes to identify familiar letter patterns and read new words

  VCEALL447 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL049

  Recognise some letters of the alphabet

  Elaborations

  • recognising and naming some letters of the alphabet
  • identifying common letters in different words consistently, for example pointing to all the ‘t’s in a sentence
  • reading aloud the spelling of a word by naming the letters

  VCEALL049 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL257

  Use the most basic forms of modality

  Elaborations

  • understanding basic expressions of modality, such as ‘want to’, ‘have to’, ‘should’
  • beginning to use basic modal verbs, such as ‘want to’, ‘have to’, ‘should’

  VCEALL257 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL015

  Recognise familiar spoken texts

  Elaborations

  • recognising common functions of speech, such as questions, statements, commands
  • recognising a small number of familiar texts used frequently in class, such as songs, rhymes, stories
  • listening to and reproducing the sequence of ideas in a short spoken story or recount
  • recognising familiar words in spoken texts

  VCEALL015 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL479

  Gather and present information both in text and visually using an appropriate software application

  Elaborations

  • typing original or copied texts accurately, including a range of punctuation and symbols
  • using more advanced writing and formatting functions in software applications, such as spellchecker, font styles and paragraph formatting
  • using functions to format and edit images and tables, with guidance

  VCEALL479 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL788

  Demonstrate control of appropriate grammatical structures that develop the ways to analyse, argue, persuade, describe, classify or explain

  Elaborations

  • varying sentence structures to support the purpose of the text and create interest for the reader, for example including rhetorical questions in an argument, varying sentence length within a paragraph

  VCEALL788 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL713

  Use contextual cues to infer the meaning of unknown words

  Elaborations

  • using existing vocabulary knowledge to predict the meaning of compound words (such as ‘daydream’) or words with familiar base words (such as ‘unbroken’)
  • using information in the text, such as images, headings or adjacent sentences, to deduce meanings
  • inferring the meaning of unfamiliar words and reading on to maintain fluency, and then checking new words in a dictionary after reading

  VCEALL713 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL263

  Repeat or re-pronounce words or phrases after recognising they have not been understood

  Elaborations

  • attending to the listener’s body language or asking directly whether own speech has been understood
  • attempting to re-pronounce words using different pronunciation, stress or pace

  VCEALL263 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL284

  Identify simple present and past tense verbs

  Elaborations

  • locating verbs in a text
  • matching pairs of simple present and past tense verbs together, for example ‘go’ and ‘went’

  VCEALL284 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features