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• VCEBR011

  Examine the ways consumers and producers respond to and influence each other in the market, particularly through price mechanism

  Elaborations

  • investigating how consumers rely on businesses to meet their needs and wants
  • identifying and creating a list of who is involved in the market system in Australia
  • explaining the influence of buyers and sellers on prices and how markets enable the distribution and allocation of resources, including examining how businesses answer questions of what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce
  • examining how businesses respond to the demands of consumers, such as preferences for healthy options, environmentally friendly packaging or organic food
  • considering how consumers might influence producers in other countries to provide goods and services, such as those in the Asia region
  • describing how goods and services are produced

  VCEBR011 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 7 and 8 | Resource Allocation and Making Choices

• VCEBW017

  Describe the nature and investigate the influences on the work environment

  Elaborations

  • investigating present influences on the ways people work, such as technological change, outsourced labour in the global economy, rapid communication changes
  • identifying changes to the workforce over time, such as the jobs available, the way individuals or communities value particular work, career length and human resource development
  • predicting changes to work in the future and possible outcomes, for example, ‘What could be the effect of a changing attitude to work–life balance or the decline of some industries?’

  VCEBW017 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 7 and 8 | Work and Work Futures

• VCEBW016

  Consider the ways in which work can contribute to individual and societal wellbeing

  Elaborations

  • exploring ways that work can affect an individual’s self-esteem, material and non-material living standards and happiness
  • investigating the ways work affects the economy such as avoiding poverty (relative and absolute), productivity, and generating income

  VCEBW016 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 7 and 8 | Work and Work Futures

• VCECD018

  Discuss the role of context and experience in ethical decision-making and actions

  Elaborations

  • discussing the impact of experience on the decisions of a character in response to ethical problems over the course of a narrative, for example, Lockie Leonard
  • investigating why people may apply different reasoning in different circumstances , for example, in situations involving friends or strangers, work or leisure, or different places or cultures
  • using examples of acts to investigate whether there are exceptions to claims such as ‘failure is never good’, ‘fighting is always wrong’, ‘selfishness is never good’, ‘caring is always good’ and considering the importance of context and experience in justifications for exceptions, for example, failure of a physical challenge versus a medical operation, fighting a war versus fighting in a brawl, aiming to win a game versus maximising profit, and doing something for someone when they are injured versus not injured

  VCECD018 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Decision Making and Actions

• VCECD017

  Explore the extent of ethical obligation and the implications for thinking about consequences and duties in decision-making and action

  Elaborations

  • placing a range of acts on a continuum from strictly obligatory to ‘above and beyond the call of duty’, and comparing the reasons for and implications of the placements, for example, giving up a full-time job to help family/friends/strangers, obeying rules/the law, handing in small/large amounts of found money, fighting in a war to protect your own country/a neighbouring or far or poor country/a country that has helped you in the past, volunteering at school/in the community, giving first aid at an accident, rescuing people who have disobeyed safety signs
  • discussing the views of a range of major religious traditions and non-religious world views on ethical obligation, to inform a response to an ethical issue, for example responding to global people movements or armed conflict
  • discussing a philosophical view on ethical obligation, for example those of Peter Singer in relation to poverty, and the kind of community change that would occur if those views were followed

  VCECD017 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Decision Making and Actions

• VCECU016

  Investigate criteria for determining the relative importance of matters of ethical concern

  Elaborations

  • identifying the ethical issues involved in a land use proposal and investigating reasons people from different groups give for what they believe to be the most important ethical consideration
  • using if…then reasoning to consider and test proposed criteria for determining ethical significance, for example, ‘if this proposed criterion (such as financial cost, extent of harm /benefit to individuals/groups, dispositions/past actions of individuals or groups involved) were to be the most important, then the consequences would be…, and this matters /doesn’t matter because…’

  VCECU016 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding Concepts

• VCECU015

  Investigate why ethical principles may differ between people and groups, considering the influence of cultural norms, religion, world views and philosophical thought

  Elaborations

  • researching contemporary or historically significant people across a range of cultures and identifying and comparing the principles evident in the decision-making and actions of, for example, William Barak, Nelson Mandela, Malala Yousafzai, Aung San Suu Kyi
  • exploring a cultural norm concerning, for example, the importance of winning, maximizing profit or teamwork, and how this may influence a decision about where duties lie or what is the best outcome
  • investigating instances where individual action differed from the wider group, and the reasons for these differences, for example, in response to discrimination, corruption or bullying

  VCECU015 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding Concepts

• VCECU014

  Explore the contested meaning of concepts including freedom, justice, and rights and responsibilities, and the extent they are and should be valued by different individuals and groups

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of justice by proposing and evaluating criteria that might be used for justice, such as what is deserved, adherence to laws or maximising the common good
  • comparing and evaluating two conceptions of freedom: the absence of anything that prevents you achieving what you want, and the ability to control your own interests (self- determination); and whether the harm principle should be used to limit freedom, as part of a study of an issue concerning freedom of speech, or freedom of action (such as restrictions to gambling or alcohol consumption)
  • using a range of examples, such as drink driving, to examine whether there are more important rights and responsibilities than others, whether rights are means or ends and the extent to which reasons involving rights do and should outweigh other reasons for actions

  VCECU014 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding Concepts

• VCELA423

  Understand the influence and impact that the English language has had on other languages or dialects and how English has been influenced in return

  Elaborations

  • exploring examples of Singlish (Singapore English) from a Singlish dictionary
  • investigating borrowings from a range of languages into English, for example from French and Italian

  VCELA423 | Curriculum content | English | Level 8 | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCELA400

  Analyse and examine how effective authors control and use a variety of clause structures, including clauses embedded within the structure of a noun group/phrase or clause

  Elaborations

  • evaluating how speechmakers influence audiences though specific language features such as the use of embedded clauses to add information

  VCELA400 | Curriculum content | English | Level 8 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA401

  Recognise that vocabulary choices contribute to the specificity, abstraction and style of texts

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with vocabulary choices in a range of written and spoken texts and assessing the different effects these choices generate

  VCELA401 | Curriculum content | English | Level 8 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA424

  Understand how conventions of speech adopted by communities influence the identities of people in those communities

  Elaborations

  • understanding that our use of language helps to create different identities, for example teenage groups and sportspeople have adopted particular words or ways of speaking

  VCELA424 | Curriculum content | English | Level 8 | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCELA414

  Understand how coherence is created in complex texts through devices like lexical cohesion, ellipsis, grammatical theme and text connectives

  Elaborations

  • interpreting complex sentence structures through reading aloud literary texts such as sonnets or plays
  • using cohesive devices when writing complex texts

  VCELA414 | Curriculum content | English | Level 8 | Writing | Language

• VCELA399

  Understand how cohesion in texts is improved by strengthening the internal structure of paragraphs through the use of examples, quotations and substantiation of claims

  Elaborations

  • writing paragraphs of extended length that explain and substantiate a particular personal viewpoint

  VCELA399 | Curriculum content | English | Level 8 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA417

  Understand how to apply learned knowledge consistently in order to spell accurately and to learn new words including nominalisations

  Elaborations

  • understanding the different ways complex words are constructed and, when spelling these words, drawing on morphemic knowledge and knowledge of unusual letter combinations

  VCELA417 | Curriculum content | English | Level 8 | Writing | Language

• VCELA398

  Analyse how the text structures and language features of persuasive texts, including media texts, vary according to the medium and mode of communication

  Elaborations

  • discussing how particular perspectives of the same event are portrayed through the combination of images and words in various media texts

  VCELA398 | Curriculum content | English | Level 8 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA415

  Understand the use of punctuation conventions, including colons, semicolons, dashes and brackets in formal and informal texts

  Elaborations

  • creating dialogue in drama showing interruptions, asides and pauses for effect

  VCELA415 | Curriculum content | English | Level 8 | Writing | Language

• VCELA397

  Understand how rhetorical devices are used to persuade and how different layers of meaning are developed through the use of metaphor, irony and parody

  Elaborations

  • identifying and evaluating examples of how rhetorical devices reveal the dark or serious aspects of a topic in ways that cause laughter or amusement, for example by making a statement but implying/meaning the opposite (irony); exaggerating or overstating something (hyperbole); imitating or sending up something (parody), and making something appear less serious than it really is (understatement)

  VCELA397 | Curriculum content | English | Level 8 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA416

  Understand the effect of nominalisation in the writing of informative and persuasive texts

  Elaborations

  • analysing formal and persuasive texts to identify and explain language choices such as nominalisation

  VCELA416 | Curriculum content | English | Level 8 | Writing | Language

• VCELA402

  Investigate how visual and multimodal texts allude to or draw on other texts or images to enhance and layer meaning

  Elaborations

  • comprehending a series of static images and combinations of language and images in a picture book, for example title, setting, characters, actions, as well as technical elements including position, size, colour, angle, framing, point of view
  • analysing the relationship between visual elements and text in non-fiction texts such as documentaries, television news, online newspapers and digital magazines

  VCELA402 | Curriculum content | English | Level 8 | Reading and Viewing | Language