Search results

Result list

• VCLVC183

  Consider and discuss their own and each other’s ways of communicating and expressing identity, reflecting on how the language links the local, regional and national identity of its speakers with the land

  Elaborations

  • considering how their own biography, including elements such as family origins, traditions, beliefs, practices, interests and experiences, shapes their sense of identity and ways of communicating
  • describing kinship connections with the surrounding Country/Place or connections of a respected community member or guest speaker
  • creating spoken, written or multimodal texts, such as identity maps, timelines, digital presentations or family trees with captions, to mark key milestones and significant influences in their lives, for example, key people, events, educational experiences, community affiliations, traditions or travel experiences, considering how these shape identity
  • comparing and reflecting on how identity is expressed across languages and cultures, for example, by considering the idea of ‘belonging’ as expressed in different languages
  • discussing the role that language and culture play in the identity and well-being of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
  • investigating how particular policies and practices affect the sense of identity of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, for example, the effect of language loss, separation from Country/Place/family/community
  • reflecting on how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples from different nations express their group identity, for example, through practices and symbols such as flags, Welcomes to Country, Indigenous rounds in sporting leagues
  • reflecting on how their own biography, including family origins, traditions, beliefs, practices, interests and experiences, shapes their sense of identity and ways of communicating
  • discussing the link between identity and connections to land/water/sea/sky, culture and language and the health and well-being of individuals and community
  • reflecting on how the language links the local, regional and national identity of its speakers with the land, water, sea and sky

  VCLVC183 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Communicating | Identity

• VCLVU189

  Discuss variations in language use that reflect different social and cultural contexts, purposes and relationships

  Elaborations

  • understanding how elements of communication in Aboriginal languages languages, such as gestures, facial expressions, choice of language and use of silence, vary according to context, situation and kin relationships, for example, eye contact, pointing with lips
  • analysing and discussing intergenerational differences in language use, for example, young people’s language compared to the language of older generations
  • explaining variations in language use that reflect different levels of formality, authority and status, for example, expressions used with respected kin, ways of asking questions of different people

  VCLVU189 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCLVU195

  Investigate and explain techniques used to build language, considering challenges involved and understanding their role as contemporary documenters of language

  Elaborations

  • identifying and discussing the main areas of the language that could be served by language building
  • analysing the authenticity of historical sources used in language building and discuss the strengths and limitations of these
  • investigating different approaches that have historically been used to record language and what this means for language revival, for example, different spellings, different domains of use, lexical biases
  • understanding challenges in developing new words and structures for the language, and how these words might be developed within the existing resources of the language or by analogy from related languages
  • discussing techniques used to build language, such as analysing historical sources, interviewing/recording existing speakers
  • understanding the orthographic and grammatical choices of the contemporary community
  • considering domains of use where the language may grow in the future
  • trying out ways of making new words under the guidance of an Aboriginal languages specialist or a respected community member where appropriate
  • working with local Aboriginal communities in language-related projects, and contributing to local language records and resources through structured and research-based projects
  • understanding their role as contemporary documenters of the language, for example, listening and transcribing spoken texts, preserving language resources developed at school
  • developing a variety of resources for younger and future students of the language
  • investigating programs and initiatives that serve to maintain and strengthen language use, for example, school languages programs, bilingual education, research programs, recording and archiving material, websites, databases and documentaries
  • exploring the importance of advocacy in supporting the maintenance and development of language and culture

  VCLVU195 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Role of language building

• VCLVU193

  Reflect on how ways of using language are shaped by communities’ ways of thinking, behaving and viewing the world, and the role of language in passing on knowledge

  Elaborations

  • explaining the role of Aboriginal languages and cultures in passing on knowledge such as sustainable care of the environment, rules for living, ways of behaving, spiritual and cultural functions and History
  • reflecting on Indigenous taxonomies and the ways they divide the natural and cultural world and comparing these to other systems of classification
  • analysing concepts related to cultural values in Aboriginal languages, including naming systems, for example, the use of kinship terms, nicknames, substitute words and pronoun systems, comparing to ways of referencing relationships in their own language(s) and culture(s)
  • exploring how aspects of traditional culture and society have been preserved through language, and discussing the importance of maintaining Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages, for their speakers and for all Australians
  • analysing and discussing core cultural concepts reflected in Aboriginal languages, such as respect, avoidance, reciprocity, obligation, responsibility
  • understanding that culturally significant attitudes and beliefs conveyed through Aboriginal languages are related to the past, to land, plants and animals and to celebrations
  • identifying and comparing how emotions or attitudes, such as respect, affection or embarrassment, are shown/displayed across different languages and cultures
  • comparing elements of communication such as the role of silence or use/avoidance of eye contact in different cultural contexts and exchanges
  • recognising that there are multiple views on and partial explanations for events and issues
  • reflecting on the ways culture is interpreted by others, for example, by identifying how stereotypes influence perceptions of other groups or individuals
  • understanding that each Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander person inherits language as part of their birthright, along with membership of a particular group and attachment to Country or Place, and that they become custodians and owners of land, water or sea and of language

  VCLVU193 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCLVU194

  Explore language building processes and protocols in communities

  Elaborations

  • investigating language revival efforts in their own community and neighbouring regions, for example, who and what is involved, successes, challenges and protocols, and what these efforts mean to local communities
  • understanding what lexical and grammatical resources and processes are available to build language, for example, linguistic resources and analogies from neighbouring languages, speakers, archival material
  • investigating/understanding protocols for filling gaps and extending semantic domains in the language, including protocols for borrowing from other languages, for creating words by analogy and drawing from within the resources of the language, and discussing associated ethical issues
  • investigating/researching the protocols for receiving, transferring and publishing linguistic resources
  • understanding the importance of intergenerational collaboration in reviving languages, and discussing some of the associated challenges
  • discussing the importance of reviving languages for the individual, the language community and the wider Australian society
  • identifying potential avenues/domains for expansion of the language and gaps to be filled, with the support of community language teams and respected community members
  • appreciating the role of languages advocacy, education and research in building languages
  • understanding how the process of language-building expands existing linguistic and cultural resources in the Australian community

  VCLVU194 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Role of language building

• VCLVU186

  Expand vocabulary and understand and use a range of vocabulary sets and grammatical structures that are available in the language

  Elaborations

  • understanding case and case marking on nouns, pronouns and adjectives
  • explaining how verbs can be derived from nouns and vice versa, comparing with similar processes in English and other known languages
  • composing and varying messages according to the available resources of the language, such as:
    • suffixes, including ‘having’, ‘for want of’, ‘similar to’, ‘like’
    • verbless sentences, for example, equative, descriptive, possessive
    • verb categories, including intransitive, transitive, causative, inchoative, reflexive–reciprocal
    • verb aspect, including continuous, transitory, perfective, imperfective
    • verb-stem morphology, including compound verbs, reduplicated verbs, habitual/characteristic, derivation (nouns into verbs)
  • expressing time, manner, attitude and place, according to the available language resources, such as:
    • elaborations of past tense
    • temporal expressions, for example, ‘beforehand’, ‘afterwards’, ‘too late’, ‘originally’
    • expressions of frequency, immediacy and duration, for example, ‘persistently’, ‘at once’, ‘a few times’, ‘for a while’
    • attitudinal words, particles and interjections, for example, terms expressing endearment, embarrassment, shame or pity
    • locational cases as used in locative phrases, and extensions of these, for example, expressing origin or causation
  • structuring and linking clauses, focusing on issues of agreement with transitive and intransitive verbs, using verb-linking devices, for example, serialisation and embedding
  • discussing lexical and grammatical relationships between the language and other languages of the region, for example, common words and structures
  • discussing grammatical and lexical contrasts between the language and English/ other known languages, for example, the figurative use of language, vocabulary associated with specialised domains

  VCLVU186 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLVU188

  Investigate how the kinship system functions to integrate personal and community histories and relationships

  Elaborations

  • understanding and discussing kinship as a system, and explaining its importance in maintaining and regulating social relationships in Aboriginal communities
  • investigating how the language community addresses gaps in knowledge about the kinship system
  • exploring how language is involved in the patterning of ownership and management of land and associated stories
  • understanding that different roles and responsibilities in community and public life can be determined by kinship and traditional social groupings
  • explaining how art forms, songs and dances identify people and places

  VCLVU188 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLVU190

  Describe and reflect on how languages change over time and influence one another

  Elaborations

  • exploring form, usage, history and impact of contact languages, including creoles, pidgins and Aboriginal Englishes
  • investigating and describing how the language has changed over time
  • observing changes to language that reflect changing lifestyles, cultural trends and emerging needs, for example, youth language, the language of new technologies, the impact of music, media and technology on communication
  • reflecting on changes in their own use of their first language(s) over time, noticing how and when new ways are adopted or existing ways adapted
  • exploring changes in language over time, for example, by reviewing old films from state archives or early television shows that include Aboriginal actors

  VCLVU190 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCLVU192

  Understand and apply cultural norms, skills and protocols associated with learning, using and researching Aboriginal languages

  Elaborations

  • using culturally appropriate protocols when engaging with and learning from Aboriginal peoples and communities
  • acknowledging cultural and intellectual property rights and copyright over language work, including song holders, story keepers, language informers, composers and choreographers

  VCLVU192 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Language awareness

• VCLVU191

  Investigate and compare the ecology of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages to Indigenous languages in other countries, and consider issues such as language policy, language rights, language loss, advocacy, reform and multilingualism

  Elaborations

  • investigating the social, cultural and linguistic effects of language change and/or language loss in the region
  • understanding terms used in the discussion of language revival, for example, revitalisation, reclamation, renewal
  • investigating the geographical extent of use of the language in earlier times
  • considering the future prospects of the language in the context of its current linguistic ecology
  • exploring Indigenous multilingualism in various communities, including regional varieties, Aboriginal Englishes and creoles
  • researching the impact on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages in general, and on the target language in particular, of historical events, government policies, legislation and judicial processes, such as stolen generations, mission schools and advocacy
  • identifying social and government policies and practices that have impacted positively on language acquisition, for example, the performing of Welcome to Country and the Acknowledgement of Country at events, on television programs, in films, and efforts to raise the profile of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages in the wider Australian community and in particular geographical regions
  • investigating the situation of indigenous languages in other countries, for example, New Zealand, Hawaii, North America, Japan, Latin America, considering issues such as language rights, language endangerment, revival and reclamation, drawing comparisons with the situation of Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages in Australia
  • researching current media debates in relation to Aboriginal languages
  • comparing word lists of languages and dialects of the region, to understand similarities and differences and identify potential opportunities for reconstruction

  VCLVU191 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Language awareness

• VCLVU187

  Discuss the purpose and roles of various spoken, written and visual texts in the language

  Elaborations

  • understanding the purpose and role of different types of text in the language, for example, declaring identity, acknowledging parts of traditional belief systems, acknowledging ancestors, passing on knowledge and information, mapping resources on Country and managing natural phenomena such as weather
  • understanding that Country/Place can be interpreted as text by the community
  • discussing ways that songs function to capture language and meaning in ways similar to literature in other cultures
  • linking and sequencing ideas to form cohesive texts, using appropriate grammatical forms and elements, for example, serialisation, connectives, embedding, headings and paragraphing

  VCLVU187 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLVU185

  Understand and explain the sound patterns in spoken language and use developing phonemic awareness to represent these patterns in written form

  Elaborations

  • reading aloud for meaning to demonstrate comprehension of sound–symbol correspondences
  • developing metalanguage to describe and talk about sounds and phonology, for example, place and manner of articulation, uncertain or missing sounds
  • investigating sound patterns, for example, consonant and vowel sequences, and word-level patterns, for example, allowable word-final sounds, allowable consonant clusters, word stress
  • understanding the major categories of place of articulation in Aboriginal languages, for example, peripheral, laminal, apical, and their realisation across different languages and regions in Australia
  • establishing similarities in the sound systems of related languages otherwise masked by differing spelling systems
  • using their knowledge of alphabetic conventions for Aboriginal languages to transcribe spoken texts from a range of languages, for example, those related to the target language or those from neighbouring regions
  • comparing and explaining the relative consistency of Aboriginal languages and English in spelling words
  • understanding the phonemic basis of alphabetic spelling systems and the fact that different sounds can be covered within a single phoneme or letter
  • exploring different writing systems that are based on different principles, for example, syllabic or ideographic

  VCLVU185 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VC2M7A06

  manipulate formulas involving several variables using digital tools, and describe the effect of systematic variation in the values of the variables

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with different sets of tables of values from formulas; for example, using volume of a rectangular prism = length × width × height, and specifying a fixed width and equal length and varying the height
  • using spreadsheets and the formula function to recognise the effect of changing parameters on the entries in cells
  • analysing distance travelled for different combinations of average speed and time of travel using a table of values and the distance formula

  VC2M7A06 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Algebra

• VC2M7A05

  generate tables of values from visually changing patterns or the rule of a function; describe and plot these relationships on the Cartesian plane

  Elaborations

  • plotting points from a table of values generated using simple linear functions and recognising patterns, such as the points lie on a straight line
  • discussing and using variables to create a general rule and using the rule to determine the value of the dependent variable for any given value of the independent variable; for example, plotting the value of the circumference of a circle for varying values of radius
  • using function machines to generate a table of ordered pairs using input and output values, plotting the relationships on a Cartesian plane and describing the graph in terms of shape
  • using diagrams and manipulatives to form linear growth patterns, representing these patterns in tables and describing the relationship in terms of the way the pattern is growing and in the context of the situation

  VC2M7A05 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Algebra

• VC2M7A01

  recognise and use variables to represent everyday formulas algebraically and substitute values into formulas to determine an unknown

  Elaborations

  • linking variables to attributes and measures being modelled when using formulas, such as the area of a rectangle is equal to the length × width as
    A=l×w; or using p=6g+b to describe a total of points expressed as goals (worth 6 points) and behinds (worth one point)
  • interpreting and using formulas obtained from other sources, for example, maximum heart rates and target heart rates for moderate exercise
  • substituting numerical values for variables when using formulas and calculating the value of an unknown in practical situations; for example, calculating weekly wage W given base wage b and overtime hours h at 1.5 times rate r, W=b+1.5 ×h ×r, using values for mass m and volume v to determine density d of a substance where d=mv
  • using everyday formulas and their application to contexts on Country/Place, investigating the relationships between variables

  VC2M7A01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Algebra

• VC2M7A04

  investigate, interpret and describe relationships between variables represented in graphs of functions developed from authentic data

  Elaborations

  • using graphs to analyse a building’s electricity or gas usage over a period of time, the value of shares on a stock market, or the temperature during a day, interpreting and discussing the relationships they represent
  • using travel graphs to compare the distance travelled to and from school, interpreting and discussing features of travel graphs such as the slope of lines and the meaning of horizontal line segments
  • telling the story behind what is being represented in graphs of functions, for example, graphs representing pouring rates or distance versus time
  • using graphs of evaporation rates to explore and discuss Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ methods of water resource management

  VC2M7A04 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Algebra

• VC2M7A03

  solve one-variable linear equations of increasing complexity with natural number solutions; verify equation solutions by substitution

  Elaborations

  • recognising that solving an equation is a process of determining a value that makes the equation true; and using substitution to determine whether a given number is a solution to an equation or not
  • solving equations using concrete materials, the balance model and backtracking, explaining the process
  • solving linear equations such as 3x+7=19 algebraically, and verifying the solution by substitution

  VC2M7A03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Algebra

• VC2M7A02

  apply the associative, commutative and distributive laws to aid mental and written computation, and formulate algebraic expressions using constants, variables, operations and brackets

  Elaborations

  • simplifying calculations
  • forming simple estimates for calculations involving multiple and/or combined operations
  • generalising arithmetic expressions to algebraic expressions involving constants, variables, operations and brackets; for example, 7+7+7=3×7, x+x+x=3×x noting that 3x includes implied multiplication and recognising the difference between 3x+4 and 3x+4
  • formulating algebraic expressions that represent mathematical relationships; for example, translating from words to symbols in ‘think of a number’ type activities
  • recognising and applying the concept of variable as something that can change in value, investigating the relationships between variables, and the application to processes on Country/Place, including how cultural expressions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, such as storytelling, communicate mathematical relationships that can be represented as mathematical expressions

  VC2M7A02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Algebra

• VC2M7M02

  solve problems involving the volume of right prisms including rectangular and triangular prisms, using established formulas and appropriate units

  Elaborations

  • building a rectangular prism out of unit cubes and showing that the measure of volume is the same as would be found by multiplying the 3 edge lengths or by multiplying the area of the base by the height/length
  • developing the connection between the area of the parallel cross-section (base), the height and the volume of a rectangular or triangular prism to other prisms
  • connecting the area of the floor space and the number of floors of a high-rise building to calculate the volume of a building
  • using dynamic geometry software, spatial reasoning and prediction to derive the formula for the volume of prisms

  VC2M7M02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Measurement

• VC2M7M03

  describe the relationship between π and the circumference, radius and diameter of a circle

  Elaborations

  • recognising the features of circles and their relationships to one another; for example, labelling the parts of a circle including centre, radius, diameter and circumference and using one of radius, diameter or circumference to determine the measure of the other 2; and understanding that the diameter of a circle is twice the radius, or that the radius is the circumference divided by 2π
  • comparing the circumference of circles in relation to their radius and diameter with materials and measuring, to establish measurement formulas; for example, using a compass to draw several circles, then using string to approximate the circumference, comparing the length of string to the diameter of the circle
  • investigating π as the constant in the proportional relationship between the circumference of a circle and its diameter, and historical approximations from different civilisations, including Egypt, Babylon, Greece, India and China
  • investigating the applications and significance of circles in everyday life of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, such as in basketry, symbols and architecture, recognising the relationships between the centre, radius, diameter and circumference

  VC2M7M03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Measurement