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• VCGGC087

  Describe and explain interconnections within places and between places, and the effects of these interconnections

  Elaborations

  • researching connections between Australia and countries in the Asia region, for example, in terms of trade, migration, tourism, aid, education, defence or cultural influences; and explaining the effects of at least one of these connections on their own place and another place in Australia
  • explaining the impacts of fire on Australian vegetation and the significance of fire damage to human communities
  • comparing how people have responded to climatic conditions in similar and different places and factors that may have influenced this such as culture and technology
  • exploring the extent of change in the local environment over time, through for example, vegetation clearance, fencing, urban development, drainage, irrigation, farming, forest plantations or mining
  • researching the changes made by people to a particular environment in one region in Europe or North America and comparing findings with other regions researched by students

  VCGGC087 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCGGC090

  Interpret maps and other geographical data and information using digital and spatial technologies as appropriate, to develop identifications, descriptions, explanations and conclusions that use geographical terminology

  Elaborations

  • interpret a variety of thematic maps to investigate the environmental and human characteristics of Europe, North America and the Asia region
  • using climate graphs they have constructed to interpret and compare the climate of different places
  • identifying possible relationships by comparing maps of spatial distributions, for example, maps of vegetation and incidence of bushfires, or the per capita income of countries and life expectancy
  • presenting a report using graphics and maps as evidence of an investigation into a local environmental or planning issue and using geographical terms, such as relative location, scale, climate, cultural diversity , reflecting on what they have learned, and suggesting additional questions that could be investigated
  • exploring cause-and-effect relationships, for example, between low income and poor health, using graphic organisers and concept maps

  VCGGC090 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• VCGGC089

  Represent the location of places and other types of geographical data and information in different forms including diagrams, field sketches and large-scale and small-scale maps that conform to cartographic conventions of border, scale, legend, title, north point and source; using digital and spatial...

  Elaborations

  • summarising the points of view on an issue, for example in a planning or environmental dispute
  • developing a diagram to show the similarities and differences in official languages and religions across a number of countries
  • creating maps such as flow and choropleth maps, or plans for specific purposes. For example, a flow map to show the connections Australia has with other countries, or a bushfire management plan mapping geographical data using spatial technologies, the location of recent bushfires in Australia, or information they have collected through fieldwork
  • annotating a map to show places and their features in Australia and in selected countries of North America and Europe
  • creating small-scale maps to show connections between places

  VCGGC089 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• VCGGC085

  Describe and explain the diverse characteristics of places in different locations from local to global scales

  Elaborations

  • researching the population size and density of a selection of countries around the world
  • exploring the diversity of environments and types of settlement, in the Asia region, or in part of the region, or in a country in either North-East, South-East or South Asia and discussing any patterns
  • researching the proportions of the Australian population and of the population from their local area who were born in each world cultural region, using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and then comparing aspects of selected cultures
  • investigating the similarities and differences in languages, religions and spiritual traditions between Australia and selected countries of the Asia region and other parts of the world
  • examining how the use of space within an area may be influenced by designation of land, for example, national parks, reserves, significant sites

  VCGGC085 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCGGK092

  Location of the major countries of the Asian region in relation to Australia and the geographical diversity within the region

  Elaborations

  • identifying the geographical divisions of Asia, including North-East, South-East, South Asia and West Asia (the Middle East)
  • exploring the diversity of environments and types of settlement, in the Asia region, or in part of the region, or in a country in either North-East, South-East or South Asia and discussing any patterns
  • describing the location of places in countries of the Asia region in absolute terms using latitude and longitude

  VCGGK092 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCGGK095

  Impacts of bushfires or floods on environments and communities, and how people can respond

  Elaborations

  • mapping and explaining the location, frequency and severity of bushfires or flooding in Australia
  • explaining the impacts of fire on Australian vegetation and the significance of fire damage to human communities
  • researching how the application of principles of prevention, mitigation and preparedness minimises the harmful effects of bushfires or flooding
  • suggesting collective action in response to impact of floods on a community and describing the likely effects of this action on different groups of people

  VCGGK095 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCGGK093

  Differences in the demographic, economic, social and cultural characteristics of countries across the world

  Elaborations

  • identifying examples of indigenous peoples who live in different regions in the world and appreciating their similarities and differences. For example, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia, Maori of Aotearoa New Zealand, the First Nations of North America and the Orang Asli of Malaysia and Indonesia
  • investigating the relationship between per capita income, health (as measured by life expectancy) and energy consumption in a selection of countries around the world, including at least one country from the Asia region
  • comparing people’s lives in places with different levels of income
  • investigating the similarities and differences in languages, religions and spiritual traditions between Australia and selected countries of the Asia region and other parts of the world
  • researching the proportions of the Australian population and of the population from their local area who were born in each world cultural region, using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and then comparing aspects of selected cultures

  VCGGK093 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCGGK097

  Factors that influence people’s awareness and opinion of places

  Elaborations

  • identifying factors that influence people’s awareness and opinions of places, for example, the media, significant known events, proximity to places and personal relationships with places
  • suggesting a course of action on a global issue that is significant to them and describing how different groups could respond

  VCGGK097 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCGGK096

  Environmental and human influences on the location and characteristics of places and the management of spaces within them

  Elaborations

  • comparing how people have responded to climatic conditions in similar and different places and factors that may have influenced this such as culture and technology
  • investigating the influence of landforms on the development of settlements that are involved in food and fibre production. For example, river valleys such as the Murray-Darling, Yellow (Huang He), Yangtze, Amazon, Mekong or Ganges
  • explaining why most Australians live close to the coast rather than in inland Australia
  • examining how the use of the space within their local place is organised through zoning
  • investigating a current local planning issue, such as the redevelopment of a site, preservation of open space or subdivision of farming land, exploring why people have different views on the issue, and developing a class response to it

  VCGGK096 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCGGK098

  Australia’s connections with other countries and how these change people and places

  Elaborations

  • investigating a significant event, such as a severe earthquake or the Olympic Games, and examining its local, regional and global effects on people and places, and discussing the types of responses
  • researching connections between Australia and countries in the Asia region, for example, through trade, migration, tourism, aid, education, defence or cultural influences; and explaining the effects of at least one of these connections on their own place and another place in Australia
  • exploring the provision of Australian government or non-government aid to a country in the Asia region or elsewhere in the world and analysing its effects on places in that country
  • investigating the influence of longitude, time zones and the International Date Line on connections with other countries

  VCGGK098 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCGGK091

  Location of the major countries of Europe and North America, in relation to Australia and their major characteristics including the influence of people on the environmental characteristics of places in at least two countries from both continents

  Elaborations

  • using geographical tools, such as printed and electronic atlases, to identify the relative location of Europe and North America and their environmental characteristics
  • researching the changes made by people to a particular environment in one region in Europe or North America and comparing findings with other regions researched by students

  VCGGK091 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCGGK094

  Influence of people, including the influence of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, on the environmental characteristics of Australian places

  Elaborations

  • identifying how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities altered the environment through their methods of land and resource management
  • exploring the extent of change in the local environment over time, through for example, vegetation clearance, fencing, urban development, drainage, irrigation, farming, forest plantations or mining

  VCGGK094 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCHHC082

  Sequence significant events and lifetimes of people in chronological order to create a narrative to explain the developments in Australia’s colonial past and the causes and effects of Federation on its people

  Elaborations

  • compiling an annotated timeline showing key stages in the development of colonial Australia including the date of European settlement in each state, the date the colony was established, the date of self-government
  • identifying and developing a timeline of world unrest that contributed to migration in the 1900s, for example, the World Wars, the Vietnam War, the war in the former Yugoslavia, the Tiananmen Square massacre, the war in Sudan
  • placing key events, ideas, movements and people of the twentieth century in chronological sequence

  VCHHC082 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Chronology

• VCHHC085

  Identify and describe patterns of continuity and change in daily life for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, ‘native born’ and migrants in the Australian colonies

  Elaborations

  • visiting a local cemetery and surveying the graves to find clues about the patterns of settlement, ages and causes of death in the local area
  • creating visual, oral or written journals reflecting the daily life experiences of different inhabitants of a convict or colonial settlement

  VCHHC085 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Continuity and change

• VCHHC083

  Identify the origin, content features and the purpose of historical sources and describe the context of these sources when explaining daily life in colonial Australia, reasons for migration and causes and effects of Federation

  Elaborations

  • examining two sources of evidence to identify similarities and/or differences, and describing what they reveal about the past
  • checking publication dates to put information contained in a text in historical context, for example, a 1965 Australian history book may provide a different perspective to one published in 2010
  • analysing the language used in sources to identify values and attitudes, for example, ‘new Australians’, ‘boat people’
  • examining a range of sources of evidence to identify similarities and/or differences and describing what they reveal about the past, for example, comparing information in sources to determine views on the effects of migration on the development of Australian society

  VCHHC083 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Historical sources as evidence

• VCHHC087

  Explain the significance of an event and an individual or group that influenced change in the Australian colonies and in Australian society since Federation

  Elaborations

  • investigating an event and explain its impact on Australian life, for example, Australian soldiers land at ANZAC Cove
  • creating ‘what if’ scenarios by constructing different outcomes for a key events

  VCHHC087 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Historical significance

• VCHHC084

  Describe perspectives and identify ideas, beliefs and values of people and groups in the past

  Elaborations

  • conducting an interview to learn about the experiences of community or family members who migrated to Australia and understanding that different questions elicit different kinds of answers, for example, the difference between a closed and open question such as ‘Did you like Australia when you first arrived?’ compared with ‘How did you feel about Australia when you first arrived?’
  • using sources to develop narratives, for example, reasons for the establishment of colonies, effects of key developments and events on colonies, the impact of significant groups or individuals on development
  • retrieving census data to construct arguments for and against migration

  VCHHC084 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Historical sources as evidence

• VCHHC086

  Explain the causes of significant events that shaped the Australian colonies, contributed to Australian Federation and the effects of these on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and migrants

  Elaborations

  • investigating an event or development and explaining its economic, social and political effect on a colony, for example, the impact of the Eureka Stockade on the development of democracy

  VCHHC086 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Cause and effect

• VCHHK094

  The different experiences and perspectives of Australian democracy and citizenship, including the status and rights of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, migrants, women, and children

  Elaborations

  • the lack of citizenship rights for Aboriginal Peoples and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in Australia, illustrated by controls on movement and residence, the forcible removal of children from their families leading to the Stolen Generations, and poor pay and working conditions
  • describing the significance of the 1962 right to vote federally and the 1967 referendum
  • investigating the stories of individuals or groups who advocated or fought for rights in twentieth-century Australia, for example, Jack Patten or the Aborigines Progressive Association
  • investigating the experiences of democracy and citizenship of women, for example, the suffragette movement, the bar on married women working, equal pay, the Sex Discrimination Act 1984
  • investigating the experiences of democracy and citizenship of migrant groups, for example, internment camps during World War II, assimilation policies, anti-discrimination legislation, mandatory detention, pay and working conditions
  • investigating the experiences of democracy and citizenship of children who were placed in orphanages, homes and other institutions, for example the nature of their food and shelter, education and contacts with family

  VCHHK094 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Knowledge | Australia as a nation

• VCHHK090

  The effects of a significant development or event on a colony

  Elaborations

  • exploring frontier conflict, the gold rushes, the Eureka Stockade, internal exploration, the advent of rail, the expansion of farming, drought
  • investigating an event or development and explaining its economic, social and political impact on a colony, for example, the consequences of frontier conflict events such as the Myall Creek Massacre, the Pinjarra Massacre; the impact of South Sea Islanders on sugar farming and the timber industry; the impact of the Eureka Stockade on the development of democracy
  • creating ‘what if’ scenarios by constructing different outcomes for a key event, for example ‘What if Peter Lalor had encouraged gold miners to pay rather than resist license fees?’

  VCHHK090 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Knowledge | The Australian colonies