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• VCCCC036

  Discuss challenges to and ways of sustaining a resilient democracy and cohesive society

  Elaborations

  • discussing the concept of ‘cohesive society’ using examples from contemporary events in Australia or in other countries to identify factors that support cohesiveness
  • considering threats to Australian democracy and other democracies, such as the influence of vested interests, organised crime, corruption and lawlessness
  • identifying the safeguards that protect Australia’s democratic system and society, including shared values and the right to dissent within the bounds of the law
  • investigating processes by which individuals and groups resolve differences in Australian communities, for example negotiation, mediation and reconciliation

  VCCCC036 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Citizenship, Diversity and Identity

• VCCCC035

  Analyse contemporary examples and issues relating to Australian democracy and global connections, including key aspects of citizenship in a pluralist society

  Elaborations

  • explaining how a particular non-government organisation (NGO) contributes to the Australian community and how Australians participate though membership of NGOs
  • choosing a particular social media campaign and explaining the ways that it contributed to active citizenship
  • creating an article, argumentative essay, panel discussion or debate about a contemporary issue

  VCCCC035 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Citizenship, Diversity and Identity

• VCCCC037

  Discuss how and why groups, including religious groups, participate in civic life

  Elaborations

  • researching the work of a non-government organisation (NGO), philanthropist or community group, and how and why they contribute to the Australian community
  • investigating the concept of 'the common good' using examples of how religious groups participate to foster interfaith understanding or social justice

  VCCCC037 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Citizenship, Diversity and Identity

• VCCCC038

  Examine the influence of a range of media, including social media, in shaping identities and attitudes to diversity and how ideas about Australian identity may be influenced by global events

  Elaborations

  • analysing how media represent different groups in Australian society and assessing the impact those representations have on community cohesiveness, for example, a human rights campaign that uses social media
  • examining stories of how Australian citizens' perspectives on their role in the global community have been influenced by their experiences of living and working in other countries
  • debating the concepts of ‘global identity’ and ‘global citizenship’ and their implications for Australian citizens

  VCCCC038 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Citizenship, Diversity and Identity

• VCCCG029

  Explain the values and key features of Australia’s system of government compared with at least one other system of government in the Asia region

  Elaborations

  • categorising the key features of Australia’s system of government, for example democratic elections and the separation of powers, and comparing and contrasting these to the key features found in another country in the Asia region, such as Japan, India or Indonesia
  • interviewing people with connections to a country in the Asia region to compare the values they associate with the system of government in that country, with those of Australia

  VCCCG029 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Government and Democracy

• VCCCG030

  Analyse how citizens’ political choices are shaped, including the influence of the media

  Elaborations

  • analysing a range of strategies used to persuade citizens’ electoral choices such as public debate, media, opinion polls, advertising, interest groups and political party campaigns
  • discussing how social media is used to influence people’s understanding of issues

  VCCCG030 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Government and Democracy

• VCCCG028

  Discuss the role of political parties and independent representatives in Australia’s system of government, including the formation of governments, and explain the process through which government policy is shaped and developed

  Elaborations

  • investigating how the contemporary party system operates in Australia’s liberal democracy and how governments are formed in parliament
  • discussing the meaning of key concepts such as parliamentary majority, the opposition, hung parliament, minority government, party platform, and mandate
  • investigating the role of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, the bureaucracy and the parliament in policy-making
  • discussing the development of government policy such as health, education, disability

  VCCCG028 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Government and Democracy

• VCCCG031

  Explain the Australian government’s roles and responsibilities at a global level, including provision of foreign aid, peacekeeping and the United Nations

  Elaborations

  • identifying and explaining the types of participation that Australia has in the Asia region and internationally, for example exchange programs, peacekeeping, election monitoring, health programs, disaster management
  • investigating Australia’s involvement with the United Nations, for example representation in the organisation and adherence to conventions and declarations that Australia has ratified

  VCCCG031 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Government and Democracy

• VCCCL034

  Discuss the key principles of Australia’s justice system, including equality before the law, independent judiciary, and right of appeal

  Elaborations

  • identifying the key principles and explaining what is meant by each principle and discussing how each works to protect citizens and contribute to a fair society
  • identifying and explaining factors that can undermine the application of the principles of justice, for example bribery, coercion of witnesses, trial by media, and court delays

  VCCCL034 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Laws and Citizens

• VCCCL033

  Describe the key features of Australia’s court system, including jurisdictions and how courts apply and interpret the law, resolve disputes and make law through judgments, and describe the role of the High Court in interpreting the Constitution

  Elaborations

  • creating a visual representation of the court jurisdictions in Australia
  • categorising sample cases in relation to the courts in which they would be heard, for example cases from criminal, consumer, family, human rights and environmental law
  • describing the role of a particular court, for example a supreme court, a magistrates court, or the Family Court of Australia
  • analysing how court judgments impact on the development of law, for example the role of precedents
  • examining the jurisdiction of the High Court
  • investigating an example of a High Court judgment in interpreting and applying Australian law, such as the Mabo decision

  VCCCL033 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Laws and Citizens

• VCCCL032

  Explain how Australia’s international legal obligations shape Australian law and government policies, including in relation to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

  Elaborations

  • listing some of the international agreements Australia has ratified and identifying examples of how each one might shape government policies and laws, for example the protection of World Heritage areas
  • researching the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
  • identifying how international conventions and declarations have shaped Australian government policies with regard to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

  VCCCL032 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Laws and Citizens

• VCEBB024

  Explore the nature of innovation and discuss how businesses seek to create and maintain a competitive advantage in the market, including the global market

  Elaborations

  • identifying a variety of innovations in business and discussing how this has benefited the particular business
  • exploring emerging techniques businesses can use to gain an advantage, such as blended marketing, open innovation, use of digital technologies and social media and the adoption of sustainable production practices
  • identifying the reasons businesses seek to build or create a competitive advantage, for example, to stay in business, meet the changing demands of a competitive global market, achieve efficiencies, lower costs and improve their profit margins
  • investigating the different strategies businesses use to create competitive advantage, for example, improving productivity, undertaking research and development, adopting innovative and efficient practices, advertising and marketing, offering a lower-cost product, innovative ways of managing the workforce, or by implementing efficient internal operations strategies
  • discussing whether the adoption of strategies based around corporate social responsibility can increase the competitive advantage of businesses

  VCEBB024 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | The Business Environment

• VCEBC023

  Explain why and describe how people manage financial risks and rewards in the current Australian and global financial landscape

  Elaborations

  • identifying financial risks such as scams and identity theft and considering strategies to avoid these
  • explaining the role of banks and other deposit-taking institutions, such as credit unions or building societies, in collecting deposits, pooling savings and lending them to individuals and business
  • debating the difference between good and bad debt, how to manage debt, the risks of over-indebtedness, and the importance of having a savings buffer
  • identifying ways consumers can protect themselves from risks, for example, through insurances, savings and superannuation

  VCEBC023 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Consumer and Financial Literacy

• VCEBE028

  Generate a range of viable options, taking into account multiple perspectives, use simple cost-benefit analysis to recommend and justify a course of action, and predict the intended and unintended consequences of economic and business decisions

  Elaborations

  • examining the trade-offs businesses may need to consider, including social consequences, when determining methods to improve their productivity, for example, when employing more staff compared with up-skilling existing staff or replacing staff with technology or outsourcing work to overseas countries
  • evaluating the costs and benefits of different alternatives
  • using a range of criteria (social, economic, environmental) to select and justify a preferred option
  • using a range of strategies to help decide on a potential major purchase, for example, a car, by investigating options, calculating the costs of different purchasing methods and estimating the long-term costs and benefits of owning the asset and repaying the debt
  • discussing the outcomes of a decision, identifying those that were intended and unintended, and reflecting on strategies that may address the unintended consequences

  VCEBE028 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Economic and Business Reasoning and Interpretation

• VCEBN027

  Identify the ways enterprising behaviours and capabilities can be developed to improve the work and business environments

  Elaborations

  • identifying types of entrepreneurial behaviours and their importance for work, business and the economy
  • identifying within a specific business context, enterprising behaviours and capabilities that may need to be improved, and developing a plan to assist with this improvement
  • mindmapping the different ways particular behaviours and capabilities could be improved
  • exploring which particular behaviours and capabilities a business needs to encourage, and proposing strategies for their business to do this

  VCEBN027 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Enterprising Behaviours and Capabilities

• VCEBR021

  Identify and explain the indicators of economic performance and examine how Australia’s economy is performing

  Elaborations

  • identifying and explaining indicators of economic performance such as economic growth rates, unemployment rates, inflation rates, sustainability indexes, business confidence, human development index, liveability, and the world happiness report
  • investigating the performance of the Australian economy using key indicators to form a conclusion

  VCEBR021 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Resource Allocation and Making Choices

• VCEBR020

  Investigate Australia as a trading nation and its place within Asia and the global economy

  Elaborations

  • describing the characteristics of the Australian economy such as its participants and resource base
  • identifying economic objectives of the Australian economy from the point of view of consumers, businesses, workers and governments and explain how these may be used as indicators of economic performance

  VCEBR020 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Resource Allocation and Making Choices

• VCEBR022

  Explain the links between economic performance and living standards, including the variations that exist within and between economies, and give reasons for the possible causes of variations

  Elaborations

  • comparing Australia’s resource base with another economy and exploring how this may influence trading relationships, for example, why does a particular economy manufacture electronic goods, while another focuses on mining?
  • locating a range of products in the local shopping centre that were produced overseas, and proposing reasons why they were not produced in Australia
  • mapping the global supply chain for a product to identify the participants in the chain
  • defining ‘living standards’, discussing why it is considered the ultimate goal for economic activity and explaining its relationship to economic performance
  • investigating economic performance and living standards and discussing how they can mean different things to different people and countries
  • investigating the ways living standards can be measured, for example, gross domestic product (GDP), Human Development Index (HDI) or total quality of life index
  • identifying policy options designed to improve living standards, such as education, training and workforce development, taxation, migration, government spending on health and infrastructure, environmental policies

  VCEBR022 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Resource Allocation and Making Choices

• VCEBW026

  Examine the roles and responsibilities of participants in the changing Australian or global workplace

  Elaborations

  • exploring emerging global needs and related opportunities in the workplace
  • identifying the responsibilities of various participants in a particular workplace, for example, employers, employees, industrial organisations or state, territory and the Commonwealth government
  • examining changes to the roles of employees in the workplace, for example, the increasing encouragement for workers to show initiative or act as intrapreneurs
  • identifying employer responsibilities to workers and the government, for example, superannuation, paid parental leave, income tax, company tax or the Goods and Services Tax (GST)
  • discussing the responsibilities of government in improving the conditions of workers, for example, occupational health and safety, and anti-discrimination laws

  VCEBW026 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Work and Work Futures

• VCEBW025

  Research the way the work environment is changing in contemporary Australia and analyse the implications for current and future work

  Elaborations

  • researching current trends in the types of work available, the changes occurring, and the implications for future employment
  • analysing how technology, globalisation and sustainability have affected the way we work
  • investigating a range of occupations and the skills and dispositions required in different fields

  VCEBW025 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Work and Work Futures