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• VCCCTM042

  Consider how problems can be segmented into discrete stages, new knowledge synthesised during problem-solving and criteria used to assess emerging ideas and proposals

  Elaborations

  • discussing common stages in problem-solving or inquiry and proposing and justifying a particular sequence, for example for a fieldwork investigation
  • adjusting problem-solving in light of new knowledge, for example finding evidence of vested interests in collected sources
  • identifying an appropriate type of investigation, for example experimentation, fieldwork, or research of secondary sources and planning each of its stages, with annotations to justify the proposed plan

  VCCCTM042 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Meta-Cognition

• VCCCTM041

  Examine a range of learning strategies and how to select strategies that best meet the requirements of a task

  Elaborations

  • discussing suitable learning strategies and how they should be used, for example when, why and how feedback should be sought and given
  • reflecting on a learning strategy recently used and setting a goal for the future

  VCCCTM041 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Meta-Cognition

• VCCCTM040

  Consider a range of strategies to represent ideas and explain and justify thinking processes to others

  Elaborations

  • identifying different ways to represent data and justifying a preferred way based on what will support purposeful thinking
  • identifying different ways to represent ideas such as storyboards, mock-ups and/or symbolically, and discuss their different applications

  VCCCTM040 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Meta-Cognition

• VCCCTQ034

  Synthesise information from multiple sources and use lateral thinking techniques to draw parallels between known and new solutions and ideas when creating original proposals and artefacts

  Elaborations

  • identifying how scientists collaborate and may use natural forms as an inspiration to solve a problem, for example using the structure of humpback whale fins to develop and improve wind turbines
  • creating a set of words and images of simple objects that can be shuffled, selected at random and linked to the problem at hand, to stimulate thinking when experiencing a creativity block
  • discussing how acquiring data from a range of sources can improve the range of proposed digital solutions
  • investigating the similarities between algorithms used for different purposes, and synthesising this information into a more general algorithm for broader applications

  VCCCTQ034 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Questions and Possibilities

• VCCCTQ032

  Consider how to approach and use questions that have different elements, including factual, temporal and conceptual elements

  Elaborations

  • identifying whether questions about a prequel or main film or written text should be answered first and explaining why
  • discussing the importance of defining key terms in a question, identifying them and explaining which should be defined first, for example when investigating daily lives of people in Ancient Greece
  • using the purpose of an inquiry to consider choices that can be made when constructing questions about it, for example, sustainable food production techniques in Australia

  VCCCTQ032 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Questions and Possibilities

• VCCCTQ033

  Suspend judgements temporarily and consider how preconceptions may limit ideas and alternatives

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on whether any preconceptions such as safety or ‘price point’ can be used to test the quality of ideas
  • challenging the inclusion of a feature of an object taken for granted, such as a lid on toothpaste tubes, and how this expands ideas for product innovations
  • investigating an issue such as improvements to liveability of another place, and exploring how differences in places mean that preconceptions should be suspended
  • identifying their preconceptions about a particular text and considering the influence of these preconceptions on how they react to an adaptation of the text, for example to a film adaptation of a novel
  • exploring barriers and enablers for the greater inclusion of voices, for example in issues concerning lowering the voting age or setting gender quotas and how greater or less inclusion might affect the range of useful ideas

  VCCCTQ033 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Questions and Possibilities

• VCCCTR035

  Examine common reasoning errors including circular arguments and cause and effect fallacies

  Elaborations

  • using examples to identify the nature of circular arguments, in which the conclusion has been included as a premise such as, ‘Gun control violates human freedom, because restricting the manufacture, sale, and use of firearms is a threat to our liberty’
  • identifying reasoning errors such as circular arguments or tautologies and using these to help evaluate and redraft written responses, such as ‘The speaker is effective because they spoke well’
  • investigating what the gambler’s fallacy is and how casinos exploit it as part of a financial literacy program
  • discussing problems with reasoning ‘if P then Q; Q, therefore P'; for example, if someone is psychic then they should be able to correctly predict something, they correctly predicted something, therefore they must be psychic

  VCCCTR035 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Reasoning

• VCCCTR039

  Examine how to select appropriate criteria and how criteria are used in clarifying and challenging arguments and ideas

  Elaborations

  • examining arguments for and against a proposal such as changes to the law related to compulsory wearing of a bike helmet and clarifying whether each argument uses the same or different criteria and how this affects the ability to meaningfully compare the arguments
  • comparing the clarity of ideas formed with and without criteria and discussing their usefulness, for example comparing the quality of feedback that would be received against given criteria with an open response
  • identifying considerations that influence selection of criteria, such as considering the nature of the “horror” genre when identifying criteria to compare works within the “horror” genre

  VCCCTR039 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Reasoning

• VCCCTR036

  Investigate the difference between a description, an explanation and a correlation and scepticism about cause and effect

  Elaborations

  • identifying reasons for possible scepticism about cause and effect such as a sample size that is too small or an exaggerated claim, for example, a marketing claim that someone’s relationship success is due to one particular product
  • examining maps to identify spatial patterns and discussing why a mere association, for example between liveability indicators such as housing density and access to shopping centres or train stations, does not in itself show a particular cause and effect

  VCCCTR036 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Reasoning

• VCCCTR038

  Consider how to settle matters of fact and matters of value and the degree of confidence in the conclusions

  Elaborations

  • exploring the extent to which agreement or consensus indicates certainty about matters of fact such as how the Pyramids were built; and value, such as the meaningfulness of an artwork
  • discussing whether the way something is indicates how it should be, for example choosing the least sustainable option in response to a market trial showing consumers prefer packaging that happens to be the least environmentally sustainable option
  • investigating how science knowledge and understanding is developed
  • exploring an issue and identifying areas that require technical expertise, those that require broader citizen input or both
  • evaluating different ways of negotiating an issue such as forums, information sheets or government panels

  VCCCTR038 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Reasoning

• VCCCTR037

  Investigate when counter examples might be used in expressing a point of view

  Elaborations

  • discussing whether exceptions to a rule affect its strength, for example in testing technological solutions and considering the number of times the solution failed and how it failed
  • identifying reasons for seeking counter examples in evaluating arguments, for example to mitigate confirmation bias, or to identify the limits of a claim

  VCCCTR037 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Reasoning