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• VCECU014

  Explore the contested meaning of concepts including freedom, justice, and rights and responsibilities, and the extent they are and should be valued by different individuals and groups

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of justice by proposing and evaluating criteria that might be used for justice, such as what is deserved, adherence to laws or maximising the common good
  • comparing and evaluating two conceptions of freedom: the absence of anything that prevents you achieving what you want, and the ability to control your own interests (self- determination); and whether the harm principle should be used to limit freedom, as part of a study of an issue concerning freedom of speech, or freedom of action (such as restrictions to gambling or alcohol consumption)
  • using a range of examples, such as drink driving, to examine whether there are more important rights and responsibilities than others, whether rights are means or ends and the extent to which reasons involving rights do and should outweigh other reasons for actions

  VCECU014 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding Concepts

• VCNRU063

  Refine pronunciation, spell frequently used words and apply accurate punctuation to writing

  Elaborations

  • identifying differences in tone, intonation and rhythm
  • applying punctuation and spelling rules to own writing
  • experimenting with pronunciation of less familiar texts

  VCNRU063 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU100

  Understand that the language being studied, like all languages, varies according to participants, roles and relationships, context and culture

  Elaborations

  • examining differences between formal and informal language in social interactions such as greetings, introductions and farewells
  • recognising that language use varies according to context and situation, and variables such as gender, age and the relationship of participants, for example, language used with friends compared to language used in formal situations such as meeting a friend’s family for the first time
  • observing and noticing cultural differences in informal and formal situations and interactions, for example, at a celebration such as a festival

  VCNRU100 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCICCD016

  Evaluate the ways in which the community demonstrates the value it places on cultural diversity, and why this valuing of cultural diversity is important to the community

  Elaborations

  • exploring how councils or Governments support community commemorations and celebrations, such as Chinese New Year
  • identifying buildings or spaces that are used for cultural gatherings/meeting or religious purposes, such as libraries, theatres, community halls, prayer rooms, churches and mosques
  • discussing the ways in which different community members participate in events held across the year, such as annual fairs and music events, or by looking into the services or programs offered at libraries, in your local paper or within the school
  • using Australian Bureau of Statistics census data to create a presentation that tracks changes to the cultural composition in the local community over time and use an online service such as Trove (National Library of Australia) to uncover images or newspaper articles to include in the presentation
  • asking students to imagine they are coordinating a local event and to outline the steps they would take to show the value placed on including culturally diverse community members

  VCICCD016 | Capabilities | Intercultural Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Cultural Diversity

• VCNRC062

  Consider how own biography, including personal experiences, family origins, traditions and beliefs, impact on identity and shape own intercultural experiences

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on the experience of learning and using the language and the role of language and culture in expressing identity, and considering the influence of own background on ways of communicating
  • reflecting on how learning the language may have impacted on own identity and understanding of the world such as an increased awareness of representations in the media of countries where the language is spoken

  VCNRC062 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCCCTR038

  Consider how to settle matters of fact and matters of value and the degree of confidence in the conclusions

  Elaborations

  • exploring the extent to which agreement or consensus indicates certainty about matters of fact such as how the Pyramids were built; and value, such as the meaningfulness of an artwork
  • discussing whether the way something is indicates how it should be, for example choosing the least sustainable option in response to a market trial showing consumers prefer packaging that happens to be the least environmentally sustainable option
  • investigating how science knowledge and understanding is developed
  • exploring an issue and identifying areas that require technical expertise, those that require broader citizen input or both
  • evaluating different ways of negotiating an issue such as forums, information sheets or government panels

  VCCCTR038 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Reasoning

• VCPSCSO040

  Recognise the impact of personal boundaries, intimacy, distribution of power and social and cultural norms and mores on the ways relationships are expressed

  Elaborations

  • defining what personal space and boundaries might be for individuals and recognising both the positive and negative impacts of crossing these boundaries
  • discussing whether successful relationships have agreed criteria for intimacy and other behaviours and exploring the implications if these are not adhered to
  • looking at what society deems to be socially acceptable/unacceptable in the way relationships are expressed and how this changes over time, across cultures and across different settings

  VCPSCSO040 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Social Awareness and Management | Relationships and diversity

• VCNRU067

  Recognise that the language being studied has evolved, that changes have occurred through the ages, and consider factors that have influenced this change

  Elaborations

  • understanding that there may be different forms of the written language being studied, used in different contexts dating from the ancient world to today
  • recognising that meanings of particular words and expressions can originate from earlier times

  VCNRU067 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCCCTR035

  Examine common reasoning errors including circular arguments and cause and effect fallacies

  Elaborations

  • using examples to identify the nature of circular arguments, in which the conclusion has been included as a premise such as, ‘Gun control violates human freedom, because restricting the manufacture, sale, and use of firearms is a threat to our liberty’
  • identifying reasoning errors such as circular arguments or tautologies and using these to help evaluate and redraft written responses, such as ‘The speaker is effective because they spoke well’
  • investigating what the gambler’s fallacy is and how casinos exploit it as part of a financial literacy program
  • discussing problems with reasoning ‘if P then Q; Q, therefore P'; for example, if someone is psychic then they should be able to correctly predict something, they correctly predicted something, therefore they must be psychic

  VCCCTR035 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Reasoning

• VCICCB013

  Analyse the dynamic nature of own and others cultural practices in a range of contexts

  Elaborations

  • examining how a similar cultural practice can be expressed differently in other contexts, for example, compare the celebration of Christmas in commercial, cultural and religious contexts
  • analysing how a range of different cultural practices developed and how they may have changed, for example, comparing women’s roles over the past hundred years at home and at work, exploring changing influences of technology in popular music, discussing changes to religious observance, such as eating fish on Friday
  • exploring why people want to preserve their cultural practices, including linguistic, artistic and culinary traditions and investigating an example of cultural preservation
  • discussing possible consequences when cultural practices are not maintained, for example, changes to language practices in successive generations of migrant communities
  • exploring cultural issues in historical contexts such as the impact of a dominant culture, language, belief or legal system, for example during the Columbian Exchange

  VCICCB013 | Capabilities | Intercultural Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Cultural Practices

• VCCCTQ032

  Consider how to approach and use questions that have different elements, including factual, temporal and conceptual elements

  Elaborations

  • identifying whether questions about a prequel or main film or written text should be answered first and explaining why
  • discussing the importance of defining key terms in a question, identifying them and explaining which should be defined first, for example when investigating daily lives of people in Ancient Greece
  • using the purpose of an inquiry to consider choices that can be made when constructing questions about it, for example, sustainable food production techniques in Australia

  VCCCTQ032 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Questions and Possibilities

• VCNRU101

  Understand that the language being studied continues both to influence and change through interaction with other languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • understanding that the language is a language of a particular country and is also spoken in language-speaking communities
  • exploring and discussing the influence of the language on English using strategies to work out meanings of unknown words, and considering why word borrowing occurs across languages
  • recognising loan words from English that are used in the language and other words used in the language that have been borrowed from other languages and discussing why these words have been borrowed

  VCNRU101 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRU099

  Recognise and understand characteristic features of common types of text, comparing them with equivalent texts in English

  Elaborations

  • comparing texts in the language with English versions and identifying similarities and differences, for example, postcards, diary entries, emails or a note to a friend
  • identifying characteristic features of familiar text types such as signs, instructions, songs, advertisements and invitations, and noting differences in expression and levels of formality, for example, a wedding invitation or a clothing sale at a store
  • transforming a simple text, such as a short song, into another text type, for example, a conversation or cartoon, applying the key features of the second text type and making comparisons with transforming a similar text in English

  VCNRU099 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRC061

  Participate in intercultural interactions, reflecting on choices and adjustments made when communicating in the language being studied and demonstrating awareness of the importance of shared understanding

  Elaborations

  • making appropriate language choices with awareness of social situations
  • interacting with members of communities who speak the language, describing the experience and reflecting on the most appropriate ways of interacting
  • reflecting on how own cultural etiquette and behaviour may be interpreted when interacting with speakers of the language being studied

  VCNRC061 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCNRU068

  Understand how language use reflects cultural ideas, assumptions and perspectives, and reflect on how what is considered acceptable in communication varies across cultures

  Elaborations

  • discussing ways of communicating across cultures, the significance of cultural concepts and how social conventions are reflected in language use
  • analysing the meaning and use of proverbs, idioms and sayings

  VCNRU068 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCNRU066

  Understand how language use varies according to context, purpose, audience and mode of delivery, and how language choices, such as shifting from a formal style to informal style, may signal changes in social settings

  Elaborations

  • identifying linguistic features used in different types of text, for example, different greetings and levels of formality expressed in conversations, speeches, emails and electronic text messages
  • identifying differences in language, register and style in a range of contexts, for example, in songs, graffiti and event invitations
  • understanding that different situations require different levels of politeness depending on the context and the speaker
  • recognising that there are linguistic choices to ensure appropriate interaction, for example, when giving directions

  VCNRU066 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCECD018

  Discuss the role of context and experience in ethical decision-making and actions

  Elaborations

  • discussing the impact of experience on the decisions of a character in response to ethical problems over the course of a narrative, for example, Lockie Leonard
  • investigating why people may apply different reasoning in different circumstances , for example, in situations involving friends or strangers, work or leisure, or different places or cultures
  • using examples of acts to investigate whether there are exceptions to claims such as ‘failure is never good’, ‘fighting is always wrong’, ‘selfishness is never good’, ‘caring is always good’ and considering the importance of context and experience in justifications for exceptions, for example, failure of a physical challenge versus a medical operation, fighting a war versus fighting in a brawl, aiming to win a game versus maximising profit, and doing something for someone when they are injured versus not injured

  VCECD018 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Decision Making and Actions

• VCCCTR037

  Investigate when counter examples might be used in expressing a point of view

  Elaborations

  • discussing whether exceptions to a rule affect its strength, for example in testing technological solutions and considering the number of times the solution failed and how it failed
  • identifying reasons for seeking counter examples in evaluating arguments, for example to mitigate confirmation bias, or to identify the limits of a claim

  VCCCTR037 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 7 and 8 | Reasoning

• VCPSCSE036

  Discuss the range of strategies that could be used to cope with difficult tasks or changing situations

  Elaborations

  • defining resilience and adaptability and give examples of how they are displayed
  • understanding that people experience situations uniquely, that people may react differently to the same situation
  • compiling a list of strategies to guide responses to challenging moments in life

  VCPSCSE036 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Self-Awareness and Management | Development of resilience

• VCNRU102

  Identify connections between language, culture and communication, recognising how communication styles and practices vary across cultures and how intercultural exchange involves the exchange of meaning as well as words

  Elaborations

  • investigating own personal and community practices to identify connections with the target language and culture, for example, in cooking, sport, music, dance or technology
  • discussing elements of culture and their significance in reflecting values, attitudes and traditions
  • discussing, questioning and explaining understanding of own and other cultures, and considering how attitudes towards diversity and difference affect communication
  • examining culturally specific terms developing appropriate explanations for them and discussing equivalent terms in other languages

  VCNRU102 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture