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• VCELA262

  Understand that verbs represent different processes (doing, thinking, saying, and relating) and that these processes are anchored in time through tense

  Elaborations

  • identifying different types of verbs and the way they add meaning to a sentence
  • exploring action and saying verbs in narrative texts to show how they give information about what characters do and say
  • exploring the use of sensing verbs and how they allow readers to know what characters think and feel
  • exploring the use of relating verbs in constructing definitions and descriptions
  • learning how time is represented through the tense of a verb and other structural, language and visual features

  VCELA262 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Writing | Language

• VCELY266

  Plan, draft and publish imaginative, informative and persuasive texts demonstrating increasing control over text structures and language features and selecting print and multimodal elements appropriate to the audience and purpose

  Elaborations

  • using print and digital resources to gather information about a topic
  • selecting appropriate text structure for a writing purpose and sequencing content for clarity and audience impact
  • using appropriate simple, compound and complex sentences to express and combine ideas
  • using vocabulary, including technical vocabulary, relevant to the text type and purpose, and appropriate sentence structures to express and combine ideas

  VCELY266 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Writing | Literacy

• VCELA246

  Understand how different types of texts vary in use of language choices, depending on their purpose, audience and context, including tense and types of sentences

  Elaborations

  • becoming familiar with typical structural stages and language features of various types of text, for example narratives, procedures, reports, reviews and expositions

  VCELA246 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA271

  Understand that successful cooperation with others depends on shared use of social conventions, including turn-taking patterns, and forms of address that vary according to the degree of formality in social situations

  Elaborations

  • identifying roles and collaborative patterns in students’ own groups and pair work (for example initiating a topic, changing a topic through negotiation, affirming other speakers and building on their comments, asking relevant questions, providing useful feedback, prompting and checking individual and group understanding)

  VCELA271 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCELY275

  Listen to and contribute to conversations and discussions to share information and ideas and negotiate in collaborative situations and use interaction skills, including active listening and clear, coherent communications

  Elaborations

  • participating in collaborative discussions, building on and connecting ideas and opinions expressed by others, and checking own understanding against group views

  VCELY275 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Speaking and Listening | Literacy

• VCELA263

  Understand how to use letter–sound relationships and less common letter combinations to spell words

  Elaborations

  • using spelling strategies such as: phonological knowledge (for example diphthongs and other ambiguous vowel sounds in more complex words); three-letter clusters (for example 'thr', 'shr', 'squ'); visual knowledge (for example more complex single-syllable homophones such as 'break/brake', 'ate/eight'); morphemic knowledge (for example inflectional endings in single-syllable words, plural and past tense); generalisations (for example to make a word plural when it ends in 's', 'sh', 'ch', or 'z' add 'es'); and using knowledge of how different letters and combinations of letters represent different sounds, including less common combinations, for example, 'dge' after a short vowel as in 'badge', to write words in independent writing

  VCELA263 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Writing | Language

• VCELA259

  Understand that paragraphs are a key organisational feature of written texts

  Elaborations

  • noticing how longer texts are organised into paragraphs, each beginning with a topic sentence/paragraph opener which predicts how the paragraph will develop and is then elaborated in various ways

  VCELA259 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Writing | Language

• VCELA261

  Understand that a clause is a unit of grammar usually containing a subject and a verb and that these need to be in agreement

  Elaborations

  • knowing that a clause is basically a group of words that contains a verb
  • knowing that, in terms of meaning, a basic clause represents: what is happening; who or what is participating, and the surrounding circumstances

  VCELA261 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Writing | Language

• VCELA273

  Learn extended and technical vocabulary and ways of expressing opinion including modal verbs and adverbs

  Elaborations

  • exploring examples of language which demonstrate a range of feelings and positions, and building a vocabulary to express judgments about characters or events, acknowledging that language and judgments might differ depending on the cultural context

  VCELA273 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCELA248

  Identify the effect on audiences of techniques, including shot size, vertical camera angle and layout in picture books, advertisements and film segments

  Elaborations

  • noting how the relationship between characters can be depicted in illustrations through the positioning of the characters (for example facing each other or facing away from each other), the distance between them, the relative size, one character looking up (or down) at the other (power relationships), facial expressions and body gesture
  • observing how images construct a relationship with the viewer through such strategies as: direct gaze into the viewer's eyes, inviting involvement, and how close ups are more engaging than distanced images, which can suggest alienation or loneliness

  VCELA248 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA270

  Understand that languages have different written and visual communication systems, different oral traditions and different ways of constructing meaning

  Elaborations

  • learning that a word or sign can carry different weight in different cultural contexts, for example that particular respect is due to some people and creatures and that stories can be passed on to teach us how to live appropriately

  VCELA270 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCELY268

  Understand the conventions for writing words and sentences using joined letters that are clearly formed and consistent in size

  Elaborations

  • practising how to join letters to construct a fluent handwriting style

  VCELY268 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Writing | Literacy

• VCELT264

  Create imaginative texts based on characters, settings and events from students’ own and other cultures including through the use of visual features

  Elaborations

  • drawing on literary texts read, viewed and listened to for inspiration and ideas, appropriating language to create mood and characterisation
  • innovating on texts read, viewed and listened to by changing the point of view, revising an ending or creating a sequel

  VCELT264 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Writing | Literature

• VCELT254

  Discuss the nature and effects of some language devices used to enhance meaning and shape the reader’s reaction, including rhythm and onomatopoeia in poetry and prose

  Elaborations

  • identifying the effect of imagery in texts, for example the use of imagery related to nature in haiku poems
  • exploring how rhythm, onomatopoeia and alliteration give momentum to poetry and prose read aloud, and enhance enjoyment

  VCELT254 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Reading and Viewing | Literature

• VCELY269

  Use software including word processing programs with growing speed and efficiency to construct and edit texts featuring visual, print and audio elements

  Elaborations

  • using features of relevant technologies to plan, sequence, compose and edit multimodal texts

  VCELY269 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Writing | Literacy

• VCELA249

  Understand how to apply knowledge of letter–sound relationships, and blending and segmenting to read and use more complex words with less common consonant and vowel clusters

  Elaborations

  • using strategies such as sounding out, chunking and blending of uncommon consonant and vowel clusters to problem solve words, for example 'machine' and 'spoil', in shared or guided reading

  VCELA249 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELY256

  Read an increasing range of imaginative, informative and persuasive texts by combining phonic, semantic, contextual and grammatical knowledge, using text processing strategies, including confirming, rereading and cross-checking

  Elaborations

  • combining different types of knowledge (for example word knowledge, vocabulary, grammar, phonics) to make decisions about unknown words, reading on, reviewing and summarising meaning
  • analysing the way illustrations help to construct meaning and interpreting different types of illustrations and graphics
  • reading text types from own culture to enhance confidence in building reading strategies
  • reading aloud with fluency and intonation
  • integrating use of sound-letter knowledge, meaning and grammar patterns as well as a range of reading strategies, for example, confirming, rereading and cross-checking, to read a wide variety of text types in guided reading

  VCELY256 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Reading and Viewing | Literacy

• VCELT265

  Create texts that adapt language features and patterns encountered in literary texts

  Elaborations

  • creating visual and multimodal texts based on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander or Asian literature, applying one or more visual elements to convey the intent of the original text
  • creating multimodal texts that combine visual images, sound effects, music and voice overs to convey settings and events in a fantasy world

  VCELT265 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Writing | Literature

• VCELY255

  Identify the point of view in a text and suggest alternative points of view

  Elaborations

  • discussing how a text presents the point of view of the main character, and speculating on what other characters might think or feel
  • recognising that there is more than one way of looking at the same event and that stories seen through the eyes of one character privileges some aspects of the story over others
  • speculating about what other characters might think or feel and retelling the story from other perspectives (for example ‘Cinderella’ from the point of view of the ‘Ugly Sisters’)

  VCELY255 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Reading and Viewing | Literacy

• VCELY267

  Reread and edit texts for meaning, appropriate structure, grammatical choices and punctuation

  Elaborations

  • using glossaries, print and digital dictionaries and spell check to edit spelling, realising that spell check accuracy depends on understanding the word function, for example there/their; rain/reign

  VCELY267 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Writing | Literacy