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• VCELA335

  Understand how to move beyond making bare assertions and take account of differing perspectives and points of view

  Elaborations

  • recognising that a bare assertion (for example 'It's the best film this year') often needs to be tempered by: using the 'impersonal it' to distance oneself (for example 'It could be that it is the best film this year'); recruiting anonymous support (for example 'It is generally agreed that it is the best film this year.'); indicating a general source of the opinion (for example 'Most critics agree that it is the best film this year.'); specifying the source of the opinion (for example 'David and Margaret both agree that it is the best film this year') and reflecting on the effect of these different choices

  VCELA335 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCELA321

  Understand that the starting point of a sentence gives prominence to the message in the text and allows for prediction of how the text will unfold

  Elaborations

  • observing how writers use the beginning of a sentence to signal to the reader how the text is developing (for example 'Snakes are reptiles. They have scales and no legs. Many snakes are poisonous. However, in Australia they are protected')

  VCELA321 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Writing | Language

• VCELY331

  Develop a handwriting style that is becoming legible, fluent and automatic

  Elaborations

  • using handwriting with increasing fluency and legibility appropriate to a wide range of writing purposes

  VCELY331 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Writing | Literacy

• VCELA333

  Understand that the pronunciation, spelling and meanings of words have histories and change over time

  Elaborations

  • recognising that a knowledge of word origins is not only interesting in its own right, but that it extends students’ knowledge of vocabulary and spelling
  • exploring examples of words in which pronunciation, writing and meaning has changed over time, including words from a range of cultures

  VCELA333 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCELA309

  Understand how texts vary in purpose, structure and topic as well as the degree of formality

  Elaborations

  • becoming familiar with the typical stages and language features of such text types as: narrative, procedure, exposition, explanation, discussion and informative text and how they can be composed and presented in written, digital and multimedia forms

  VCELA309 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA323

  Understand the difference between main and subordinate clauses and that a complex sentence involves at least one subordinate clause

  Elaborations

  • knowing that the function of complex sentences is to make connections between ideas, such as: to provide a reason (for example 'He jumped up because the bell rang.'), to state a purpose (for example 'She raced home in order to confront her brother.'), to express a condition (for example 'It will break if you push it.'), to make a concession (for example 'She went to work even though she was not feeling well.'), to link two ideas in terms of various time relations (for example 'Nero fiddled while Rome burned.')

  VCELA323 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Writing | Language

• VCELA322

  Understand how the grammatical category of possessives is signalled through apostrophes and how to use apostrophes with common and proper nouns

  Elaborations

  • learning that in Standard Australian English regular plural nouns ending in ‘s’ form the possessive by adding just the apostrophe (for example ‘my parents' car’)
  • learning that in Standard Australian English for proper nouns a variant form without the second ‘s’ is sometimes found (for example ‘James’s house’ or ‘James’ house’)

  VCELA322 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Writing | Language

• VCELA325

  Understand the use of vocabulary to express greater precision of meaning, and know that words can have different meanings in different contexts

  Elaborations

  • moving from general, ‘all-purpose’ words, for example ‘cut’ to more specific words, for example ‘slice’, ‘dice’, ‘fillet’, ‘segment’

  VCELA325 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Writing | Language

• VCELA334

  Understand that patterns of language interaction vary across social contexts and types of texts and that they help to signal social roles and relationships

  Elaborations

  • identifying ways in which cultures differ in making and responding to common requests, for example periods of silence, degrees of formality

  VCELA334 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCELT316

  Understand, interpret and experiment with sound devices and imagery, including simile, metaphor and personification, in narratives, shape poetry, songs, anthems and odes

  Elaborations

  • discussing how figurative language including simile and metaphor can make use of a comparison between different things, for example ‘My love is like a red, red rose’, ‘Tyger!, Tyger! burning bright, In the forests of the night’, and how by appealing to the imagination, it provides new ways of looking at the world
  • investigating the qualities of contemporary protest songs, for example those about Indigenous peoples and those about the environment

  VCELT316 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Reading and Viewing | Literature

• VCELA324

  Understand how noun groups/phrases and adjective groups/phrases can be expanded in a variety of ways to provide a fuller description of the person, place, thing or idea

  Elaborations

  • learning how to expand a description by combining a related set of nouns and adjectives – ‘Two old brown cattle dogs sat on the ruined front veranda of the deserted house’
  • observing how descriptive details can be built up around a noun or an adjective, forming a group/phrase (for example, ‘this very smelly cleaning cloth in the sink’ is a noun group/phrase and ‘as pretty as the flowers in May’ is an adjective group/phrase)

  VCELA324 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Writing | Language

• VCELA312

  Understand how to use banks of known words, syllabification, spelling patterns, word origins, base words, prefixes and suffixes, to spell new words, including some uncommon plurals

  Elaborations

  • learning that many complex words were originally hyphenated but have become ‘prefixed’ as in ‘uncommon’, ‘renew’ ‘email’ and ‘refine’
  • talking about how suffixes change over time and new forms are invented to reflect changing attitudes to gender, for example ‘policewoman’, ‘salesperson’; ‘air hostess’/‘steward’ or ‘flight attendant’

  VCELA312 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELY337

  Clarify understanding of content as it unfolds in formal and informal situations, connecting ideas to students’ own experiences, and present and justify a point of view or recount an experience using interaction skills

  Elaborations

  • asking specific questions to clarify a speaker’s meaning, making constructive comments that keep conversation moving, reviewing ideas expressed and conveying tentative conclusions

  VCELY337 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Speaking and Listening | Literacy

• VCELY332

  Use a range of software including word processing programs to construct, edit and publish written text, and select, edit and place visual, print and audio elements

  Elaborations

  • writing letters in print and by email, composing with increasing fluency, accuracy and legibility and demonstrating understanding of what the audience may want to hear

  VCELY332 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Writing | Literacy

• VCELY338

  Participate in informal debates and plan, rehearse and deliver presentations for defined audiences and purposes incorporating accurate and sequenced content and multimodal elements

  Elaborations

  • planning a report on a topic, sequencing ideas logically and providing supporting detail, including graphics, sound and visuals to enhance audience engagement and understanding

  VCELY338 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Speaking and Listening | Literacy