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• VCFRU017

  Recognise that Australia is a multilingual society with speakers of many different languages, including French

  Elaborations

  • understanding that the world contains many different languages spoken by many different communities of speakers and that most people in the world speak more than one language
  • exploring the range of languages spoken in Australia, including Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages, Asian languages and world languages
  • exploring the different languages used by peers in their class, for example, by creating a language map with greetings in each language represented in the class
  • recognising that French is an important world language, spoken in many countries in the world apart from France, including Australia

  VCFRU017 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCVIU121

  Recognise that Australia is a multilingual society and that Vietnamese is one of the major community languages in Australia

  Elaborations

  • exploring and naming different languages that they have encountered in everyday life, for example, languages of their parents, grandparents, neighbours or classmates
  • exploring the range of languages spoken in Australia, including Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages, Asian languages and world languages

  VCVIU121 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCFRU016

  Understand that all languages continuously change through contact with each other and through changes in society

  Elaborations

  • understanding that languages and cultures change in response to new ideas and social and cultural developments (globalisation)
  • recognising that languages borrow from each other, that many French words are used in English (for example, ‘croissant’, ‘menu’, ‘chauffeur’, ‘chef’, ‘ballet’) and many English words are used in French, for example, le week-end, le parking, le cowboy
  • understanding that some languages are continuously growing while others, such as many Indigenous languages throughout the world, are endangered or being revived

  VCFRU016 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCHIU017

  Recognise that Australia is a multicultural society with communities of speakers of many different languages including Hindi

  Elaborations

  • understanding that there are many different languages in the world and in the Australian community and that many people speak more than one language
  • exploring the range of languages spoken in Australia, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages
  • identifying different languages and dialects used by children in their class or friendship groups, for example, by creating a language map with greetings in each language
  • identifying different languages that they come into contact with in their extended family and communities

  VCHIU017 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCVIC106

  Interact with peers and the teacher by introducing themselves and expressing needs, wishes, likes and dislikes

  Elaborations

  • greeting and farewelling peers and the teacher using appropriate terms of address, gestures and body language, for example, Em chào thầy/cô. Chào bạn. Tạm biệt
  • introducing themselves and asking questions to initiate interactions, for example, Chào bạn, tôi tên là Lan. Còn bạn? Bạn tên (là) gì? Tôi bảy tuổi. Còn bạn, bạn mấy tuổi? Bạn có khỏe không?
  • using simple statements to describe themselves and express likes and dislikes, for example, Tôi tên là Lan. Tôi sáu tuổi. Tôi thích ăn phở, and needs, for example, Tôi muốn uống nước
  • expressing thanks, for example, Cảm ơn bạn, offering wishes, for example, Chúc bạn sinh nhật vui vẻ, and apologising (Xin lỗi)

  VCVIC106 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCASFC133

  Express imaginative ideas and visual thinking through the use of familiar signs, mime and gestures, with a focus on emotions, appearance and actions

  Elaborations

  • using iconic signs to create variations to actions involved in familiar nursery rhymes, such as ‘Incy Wincy Spider’
  • exploring emotions through the use of NMFs, for example by re-enacting a familiar scenario and modifying emotions each time, for example by switching from fear to excitement to anger
  • depicting the movement of people, animals or means of transport by using handshapes in creative ways
  • creating amusing sequences of signs using a fixed handshape, such as the index finger ‘point’,
    PRO2 THINK PRO1 SHY?
    Do you think I’m shy?
    
  • using gestures and modelled signs to create short skits that convey emotions and behaviours associated with characters from familiar stories or rhymes
  • enacting the movements and characteristics of a particular animal through the use of constructed action

  VCASFC133 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Creating

• VCIDU013

  Recognise questions, commands and simple subject-focus sentences, and develop vocabulary for people, places and things in their personal world

  Elaborations

  • identifying people using pronouns (ibu, ayah, bapak, adik, kakak), referring to pets (anjing, kucing), and using concrete nouns for objects (buku, tas, pintu)
  • describing possession using word order in familiar phrases, for example, nama saya…, ibu saya…
  • greetings and farewelling others, for example, Selamat pagi/siang/sore/ malam, sampai jumpa
  • specifying location using prepositions, for example, di atas, di bawah, di dalam, di belakang
  • describing actions using simple verbs, for example, makan, duduk, minum, suka, tidur
  • interacting using auxiliary verbs, for example, ada, mau, tahu, boleh, bisa
  • understanding different question words and the anticipated answer, for example, siapa? (people), apa? (objects, actions), di mana? (location), berapa? (quantity)
  • using imperatives to tell others to do something, for example, Duduklah, Lipat tangan, Tepuk tangan
  • referring to numbers of things using cardinal numbers (nol-sepuluh puluh, belas)
  • describing the colour, size, shape and character of a person, place or thing using noun–adjective phrases, for example, buku merah, anjing besar, kucing kecil, bapak tinggi, saya pendek, adik lucu
  • joining words or phrases using conjunctions, for example, dan, tetapi
  • referring to things using demonstratives ini and itu, for example, Ini buku merah
  • negating verbs and adjectives using tidak
  • expressing modality, for example, mau, ingin, boleh, bisa

  VCIDU013 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHC117

  Participate in and respond to performances and shared reading of children’s stories, songs and rhymes with a focus on rhythm, gesture and stress

  Elaborations

  • performing songs and rhymes, noticing rhythmic features such as 押韵 and experimenting with stress and gestures to help convey meaning
  • interpreting language, facial expressions and other visual clues to inform own response to characters and stories presented in animations or songs
  • singing 儿歌 and 童谣 and discussing the traditional ideas and morals they convey
  • creating short plays based on extracts from familiar stories such as 《饥饿的毛毛虫, using puppets and props

  VCZHC117 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHU010

  Reproduce the four tones and recognise how they can change the meaning of words

  Elaborations

  • noticing the tonal nature of spoken Chinese and using gestures to enhance the differentiation of tones
  • applying tones to diverse sounds in Chinese to express different meanings, and recognising differences between words with different tones, for example, 妈mā and 马mǎ
  • practising the pronunciation of syllables that are unique to Chinese, such as 女nǚ, 下 xià
  • working with classmates and teachers to identify initials (, b, p, m, d, t, g, k etc.) that are similar to English consonants (f, l, n, v)

  VCZHU010 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHC009

  Notice aspects of Chinese language and culture that are ‘new’ or ‘interesting’, and observe how relationships influence language use and own identity

  Elaborations

  • examining the meanings behind Chinese family names and other related vocabulary
  • having a shared meal of 饺子，春卷 etc. and appreciating cultural diversity in the school community
  • responding to questions by sharing with students in Chinese sister school personal information related to identity, for example, name, family name, zodiac sign, family members
  • comparing learning in English with learning in Chinese, for example, learning about syllables and components
  • presenting a collage or poster which represents aspects of their identity, using text and images
  • observing interactions to notice cultural aspects such as use of voice to show courtesy, how disagreement is expressed, or smiling so as not to offend while saying ‘too expensive’
  • expressing personal responses to aspects of culture encountered when viewing images, such as of classrooms, home environments or street scenes in diverse contexts, responding to teacher prompts (for example, What do you see …? What do you notice …? How do you celebrate …?), and relating to own experience

  VCZHC009 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCARU114

  Recognise the letters and sounds of the Arabic alphabet and identify how letters are modified so they can be joined to form words

  Elaborations

  • recognising and reproducing the 28 letters of the alphabet and the three short and long vowels
  • recognising that Arabic words are written from right to left, numbers from left to right
  • recognising and producing distinctive Arabic sounds such as guttural sounds ع؛غ؛ق and other sounds such as

    ص؛ ض؛ ط؛ ظ؛ ح؛ خ

  • recognising that making Arabic words requires most letters to be joined, for example

    طار؛ طير؛ ذهب؛ أكل؛ شرب؛ ولد؛ أب؛ ام

  • developing pronunciation, phrasing and intonation skills by singing, reciting and repeating frequently used words and phrases, noticing that statements and questions have different intonation, for example,

    أكلت الطعام كله؟

  VCARU114 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFU139

  Recognise and restrict signing to the standard signing space, and understand that pronouns, depicting signs and verbs can be located meaningfully in that space

  Elaborations

  • describing the range of signing space in normal signed discourse
  • comparing and contrasting Auslan and English pronouns
  • noticing that the beginning and end locations of some verbs can be modified to show the referents involved, for example:
    PRO1 ASK PRO3 versus PRO1 ASK-_her
    
  • identifying what sorts of things can be represented in a DS by handshape, for example, point can mean a person or tree or pole

  VCASFU139 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITC009

  Share with others what they can express in Italian, and explain how meanings are similar or different

  Elaborations

  • identifying when Italian or English is being used in the classroom
  • comparing Italian and English songs and rhymes, noticing similarities and differences, for example, in numbers, in some words for family, animals and toys
  • explaining to others the meanings of particular words and when they are used, for example, ciao
  • demonstrating and explaining specific gestures used in Italian

  VCITC009 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Translating

• VCKOC124

  Notice aspects of Korean language and culture that are ‘new’, sharing how interacting in Korean can be different to interacting in own language/s

  Elaborations

  • noticing that there are different ways to greet people in Korean, recognising their similarities and differences to those in their own language and culture
  • familiarising themselves with simple spoken exchanges in Korean, including how to use appropriate gestures, for example, how to bow and make hand gestures when saying 안녕하세요?
  • describing how it feels to use Korean, for example, when singing a song or hearing Korean spoken by others
  • including some Korean words and expressions in English conversation when it feels appropriate (for example, 네, 선생님, 고맙습니다), noticing changes in behaviour or body language when speaking Korean

  VCKOC124 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCLVU150

  Recognise that learning Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages can provide language revival benefits to communities

  Elaborations

  • understanding that language is communally owned and therefore owners must be consulted regarding any use of it, including learning it in school
  • identifying and engaging with local identities/personalities/people who are involved in language revival efforts
  • considering why learning an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language is important in Australia

  VCLVU150 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language building

• VCASFU012

  Recognise the main formational elements of handshape, movement and location in Auslan signs, and understand that a sign is the same as a spoken or written word even though it can be iconic

  Elaborations

  • noticing the handshape of individual signs, and identifying signs that are made with a particular handshape, for example, COCKATOO (hs:5) and SOCCER (hs:fist)
  • recognising that signs are categorised by the handshape at the start of the sign
  • understanding that signs can be organised by handshape, for example in Johnston’s Auslan dictionaries or localised handshape dictionaries in schools, and that this is useful if an English word for a sign is not known
  • noticing the path movement of a particular sign and identifying signs associated with the major types of path movements, for example, THROUGH (forwards) or FULL (down to up)
  • noticing the five major locations of signs on the body or in space, and identifying signs associated with each, such as SEE (head/face), SAY (mouth/chin), WHY (chest), TALK (hand) and ONE (signing space)
  • understanding that sounds in English words are like handshapes, movements and locations in Auslan in the sense that they are combined together to make signs
  • recognising that some signs are iconic, linking to the appearance of a referent, for example, HOUSE, TREE, DRINK, ELEPHANT and that some are not, such as SISTER, WHY, SIMPLE
  • recognising that unlike English, which can be spoken or written, signed languages are not usually written down but occur ‘through the air’
  • experimenting with different methods of capturing the signed language, such as: a class-invented script, drawing pictures, videoing, English glosses or ASL-phabet

  VCASFU012 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFU138

  Recognise that meaning can be expressed through English words or Auslan signs and that signs have set handshapes, movements and locations, and identify and reproduce them independently

  Elaborations

  • realising that meaning is communicated through the use of signs, pictures, written or spoken words or miming
  • identifying the handshape of a sign, for example, COCKATOO (hs:5) and SOCCER (hs:fist)
  • recognising major types of path movements
  • understanding that sounds in English words are like handshapes, movements and locations in Auslan in the sense that they are combined together to make signs
  • noticing that in signed languages meaning can be expressed through whole signs or through fingerspelling
  • recognising that some signs are iconic, linking to the appearance of a referent, for example, HOUSE, TREE, DRINK, ELEPHANT, and that some are not, such as SISTER, WHY, SIMPLE
  • understanding that while English is spoken and heard as well as written and read, Auslan is usually uniquely ‘through the air’ and not written down
  • experimenting with different ways of recording signs, including video, writing an English word or drawing pictures

  VCASFU138 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFU013

  Recognise that signing happens in a finite space that can be used meaningfully within individual signs, learning in particular how depicting signs, some verbs, pronouns and enacting make use of spatial relationships

  Elaborations

  • realising that meaning is communicated through the use of signs, pictures, written or spoken words or miming
  • describing the range of signing space in normal signed discourse
  • noticing that single-digit numbers can be separate lexical items or merged into other signs (numeral incorporation) such as those for ages (for example, 5-YEARS-OLD) or adverbs of time (for example, 3-WEEKS-AGO) or pronouns (WE3, WE4)
  • noticing that Auslan pronouns are different from English ones because they don’t show gender but they can show location and a specific number of referents, for example, WE2 (inclusive) and WE3 (inclusive) or WE2-NOT-INCLUDING-YOU (exclusive)
  • noticing that enacting a role or modifying the beginning and end locations of some verbs can show the referents involved, for example:
    PRO1 ASK PRO3 versus PRO1 ASK-_her
    PRO3 ASK-_me CA:I-was-shocked
    
  • identifying what sort of things can be represented in a DS by a particular handshape, for example a distant person, pole or tree can be represented by a point handshape, and a cylinder can be traced by a C handshape

  VCASFU013 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIU120

  Recognise that there are variations in the way Vietnamese speakers greet and address different people

  Elaborations

  • recognising that greetings and terms of address in Vietnamese vary according to participants, for example, bowing the head or saying dạ/thưa/kính thưa when interacting with elderly people
  • noticing how language varies according to the relationship between the speakers and the context of communication, for example, the influence of relationships on the choice of personal pronouns (con chào mẹ, cháu chào ông bà, em chào cô, em chào anh)
  • recognising that there can be different terms of address for the same person depending on their age and relationship with the speaker, for example ông, bà, bác, cô, chú, anh, chị, em…

  VCVIU120 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFC129

  Develop interaction and communication skills for participation in regular class routines and activities

  Elaborations

  • recognising and using fingerspelled names for roll call and games
  • following instructions for class routines, such as:
    DS:line-up PLEASE
    Line up, please.
    LOOK-AT-_me PRO1
    Eyes to the front.
    PLEASE WITH-2++
    Please find a partner.
    
  • asking for help or permission, for example:
    PLEASE HELP-_me?
    Can you help me, please?
    PRO1-_plural CAN SHARE?
    Can we share these?
    
  • gaining attention in appropriate ways, for example by waving or tapping a shoulder or table
  • stopping activities and paying attention when lights are flashed or hands are waved
  • using NMFs such as focused eye gaze, nodding and head shaking to show affirmation and negation
  • using voice-off when possible while signing and keeping appropriate signing space between signers
  • positioning seating to keep visual communication clear or sitting across from/opposite signers when communicating
  • using visual applause to show enjoyment of entertainment or commendation

  VCASFC129 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Socialising