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• VCTRU030

  Understand and use key grammatical forms and structures, such as simple verb tenses, recognising how grammatical forms and functions are represented through suffixation

  Elaborations

  • describing quantity using cardinal numbers, yüz, iki yüz, üç yüz, bin, and ordinal numbers using the -inci suffix and its variations, birinci, ikinci, üçüncü
  • understanding the function of verb moods, for example, by recognising and using questions to seek information, such as Olay ne? Nerede geçti? Neler oldu? Neden oldu? Ne zaman oldu? Kahramanlar kimdi? and imperative forms such as başla! Başlayabilirsin, Kalk! Kalkabilirsin! Çabuk gel!
  • using a range of verbs, adjectives and adverbs to describe and elaborate on action, time, places and people, for example, mavi köşkte, Kısa saçlı biriydi, Çok dikkatli yürü and Dün sabah geldi
  • using a range of simple conjunctions to link basic ideas and action, for example, -den önce, -den sonra, ile/-(y)le, ama, çünkü
  • using simple and compound sentences
  • using comparatives and superlatives such as en and daha plus çok/az in order to talk about likes, dislikes and interests
  • understanding and using -(i)r, -(u)r, -(a)r simple present tense suffixes to express habitual actions and facts, for example, Güneş doğudan doğar, batıdan batar and Dişlerimi fırçalarım, Erken yatarım, Erken kalkarım
  • recognising and using simple verb tenses with negation and affirmation suffixes to form sentences such as biliyorum/bilmiyorum, okur/okumaz, uyudu/uyumadı, geleceğim/gelmeyeceğim, gitmiş/gitmemiş
  • understanding and using common interrogative pronouns such as kim, hangi, ne, neden, kaç, Bu akşam bize saat kaçta geliyor? Doğum günü davetiyesini kim yazacak?
  • identifying exclamations and exploring the range of emotions they express and the contexts in which they are used, for example, Eyvah! Ya! Öf be!
  • understanding and using the simple past tense suffix -d(i), for example, Annem çarşıdan ekmek aldı
  • understanding and using prepositions to indicate direction, for example, ileride, ortasında, üzerinde, köşesinde, aşağıda, yukarıda, doğu, batı, kuzey, güney
  • developing metalanguage for talking about language, using terms such as isimler, fiiller, sıfatlar, zarflar, ekler- ismin halleri, zamirler
  • using honorifics, such as Yaşar Amca, Ayşe Teyze

  VCTRU030 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCTRU029

  Understand and apply the principle of vowel harmony, experiment with Turkish pronunciation, intonation and spelling patterns

  Elaborations

  • learning about back (a, ı, o, u) and front (e, i, ö, ü) vowels in Turkish and applying the vowel harmony rule to high-frequency words
  • matching root words to suffixes to apply the rule of vowel harmony and to learn about exceptions to the rule in relation to loan and compound words and to some Turkish words, such as bugün, kardeş and kalem, which have changed their original forms
  • learning the pronunciation and spelling of high-frequency words with yumuşak g (soft g) ğ, as in yağmur and ağaç, understanding that this sound is never used at the beginning of words
  • learning that Turkish syllables only have one vowel, and that apart from loan words, they never have vowel sequences; applying this understanding through activities such as creating words by matching different prefixes and suffixes
  • understanding spelling patterns, the spacing rule and the application of vowel harmony to question endings such as alır mısın? alıyor musun?
  • understanding the use of an apostrophe for separating proper nouns from their inflectional suffixes, as in Tarık’ın and İstanbul’da, Avustralya’nın
  • learning about the devoicing and doubling of final consonants, as in kitap – kitabı, kanat–kanadı, sokak-sokağa and git-gittim, sır-sırrım

  VCTRU029 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCTRU032

  Understand that language varies according to factors such as the age, gender and social position of speakers, and that it involves regional dialects and accents

  Elaborations

  • understanding that language varies based on the age, gender and social relationships between speakers, for example, ways of speaking to parents are different to ways of speaking to siblings, lütfen yapma(yın)/yapmasana!
  • recognising how language used to greet, apologise and show appreciation with friends, family, elders and less familiar people varies, for example, the use of first names only in greeting cards to friends compared to the use of honorifics to older family members or authority figures, such as teyze, amca
  • noticing how people adapt language when speaking with young children, using expressions such as bebişim, cici, and how young children speak differently to adults and to older children, for example, using the ending -cik as in anneciğim ve babacığım when talking to parents
  • understanding that Turkish has a standard form spoken in Istanbul and many varieties involving different accents, dialects and vocabulary spoken in different countries and regions in the world
  • discussing how accents and dialects vary between different Turkish-speaking communities and different regions of Turkey

  VCTRU032 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCTRC027

  Notice and describe differences and similarities in ways of using language and interacting with people when communicating in Turkish and in English

  Elaborations

  • explaining to each other why they prefer to use either Turkish or English in particular situations or with particular people
  • noticing similarities and differences in how they use Turkish in different contexts such as at home and in the classroom, for example, using less/more formal language
  • comparing how people speak or refer to other people in Turkish and English, such as to older relatives, classmates or teachers, for example, abla, ağabey, amca, teyze, öğretmenim
  • identifying Australian English terms and expressions that might be difficult to understand for newly arrived Turkish migrants, for example, ‘bushwalking’, ‘Good on you!’
  • comparing their impressions of aspects of children’s lives in different Turkish-speaking regions as represented in video clips, television programs and stories, for example, ways of playing games, preparing and eating food, telling stories or interacting at school, home or in the community

  VCTRC027 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCTRU033

  Recognise that languages change over time and that Turkish language is influenced by and also influences other languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • understanding that Turkish, like all languages, changes over time, for example, in the spelling and pronunciation of certain words, such as alma/elma, ana/anne, karındaş/kardaş/kardeş, cevap/yanıt, tabiat/doğa
  • recognising differences in language use across generations, for example, by comparing words and expressions used by their grandparents and parents, such as sabah şerifleriniz hayırlı olsun, with some of their own expressions, such as günaydın
  • finding English words used in Turkish, such as web sitesi, Twitter, tişört and blucin, considering differences between these and the types of Turkish words used in English
  • identifying loan words from other languages, for example, tren, doktor, baklava, çikolata, sıfır, şeker, tiyatro, balkon, discussing why particular kinds of words are more likely to be adopted

  VCTRU033 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change