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• VCASFU034

  Recognise that there is variation in Auslan use, for example in different locations or physical environments

  Elaborations

  • exploring similarities and differences in Auslan dialects through building webcam relationships with other schools or through identifying and collecting signs that differ in the ‘northern’ (NSW, Qld and ACT) and ‘southern’ (Vic., SA, WA, NT and Tas.) dialects, such as DINNER or AFTERNOON
  • recognising that variation also occurs in spoken languages and noticing some different words for the same thing in English, such as cossie/cozzie, togs or bathers
  • identifying Auslan signs or informal home signs that might be different from signs used by other people
  • considering adaptations to Auslan use when communicating in different physical environments, such as in video chats, across a large yard, or when one or both hands are occupied, for example, variations in vocabulary, size of signing space, clarity of signs, use of fingerspelling and NMFs
  • recognising variation in adaptation of signing between different users of Auslan, for example, people who are deafblind use hand-over-hand signing and tactile fingerspelling

  VCASFU034 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFU160

  Recognise that there is variation in Auslan use, for example in different locations or physical environments

  Elaborations

  • exploring similarities and differences in Auslan dialects through building webcam relationships with other schools or through identifying and collecting signs that differ in the northern (Qld and NSW) and southern (Vic., SA, WA and Tas.) dialects, such as DINNER or AFTERNOON
  • recognising that variation also occurs in spoken languages and noticing some different words for the same thing in English, such as cossie/cozzie, togs or bathers
  • identifying Auslan signs or informal home signs that might be different from signs used by other people
  • considering adaptations to Auslan use when communicating in different physical environments, such as in video chats, across a large yard, or when one or both hands are occupied, for example, variations in vocabulary, size of signing space, clarity of signs, use of fingerspelling and NMFs
  • recognising variation in adaptation of signing between different users of Auslan, for example, people who are deafblind use hand-over-hand signing and tactile fingerspelling

  VCASFU160 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCZHU029

  Identify similarities and differences in the organisation of simple familiar texts

  Elaborations

  • reading familiar text types in both Chinese and English (for example, menus, calendars, songs and TV cartoons), and explaining how the content and features of the text suit its purpose, for example, the menu has pictures of dishes to help the customer understand what kind of food it is
  • recognising Chinese texts (for example, Chinese film posters and newspapers), and discussing how the textual features are organised, including the headings, images and fonts, and the cultural significance of such texts
  • applying knowledge of text features to help locate key information, such as identifying details relating to name, age and nationality across diverse examples of social media profiles and print information forms
  • discussing a range of predictable texts with teachers and peers to perceive common components (radicals) in complex characters such as ‘woman’ (女) and ‘water’ (氵)

  VCZHU029 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU140

  Develop ways to structure sentences in Chinese to elaborate own ideas

  Elaborations

  • elaborating ideas in sentences, including details such as time, place and manner, for example, 星期一我从上海坐飞机到北京
  • learning meta-terms to describe grammar rules in Chinese, for example, the placement of 主语 (subject), 动词 (verb), 名词 (noun) in sentences
  • recognising that there are multiple ways to structure a sentence, such as 我吃了早饭后去学校 and 吃了早饭后我去学校

  VCZHU140 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELU132

  Recognise and use elements of Greek grammar, such as word order, gender and singular/plural forms, to describe people, objects or events

  Elaborations

  • beginning to describe and explain features of Modern Greek using metalanguage, for example, using the terms masculine, feminine, neuter nouns, verbs, tenses, adjectives, conjunctions, in English or Greek
  • noticing the use of gender in Greek names, singular/plural, and articles, for example, Η Άννα, η γάτα, οι γάτες, α ψάρια, ο μπαμπάς
  • using adjectives to describe characteristics or qualities (such as number, shape and colour) of a person or object (noun), for example, τρία μικρά γουρουνάκια, and understanding that adjectives have gender, for example, καλός, καλή, καλό, ψηλός, ψηλή, ψηλό, κόκκινος, κόκκινη, κόκκινο
  • creating simple sentences in the subject–verb–object order, for example, Το βάζο έχει λουλούδια
  • experimenting with compound sentences using conjunctions such as και and αλλά
  • using adverbs of place, for example, έξω, μέσα, πάνω, κάτω, μπροστά, πίσω, δίπλα
  • observing singular noun and plural noun endings, for example, γάτα, γάτες, σπίτι, σπίτια
  • understanding that some words can mean different things in different contexts, for example, μπάνιο can mean ‘bathroom’, ‘bathtub’ or ‘swimming at the beach’
  • recognising the differences or similarities in word order in simple sentences, for example, μου αρέσει, δε μου αρέσει
  • expressing negation in simple sentences, for example, Όχι, δεν το θέλω, δε μ’ αρέσει
  • expanding number knowledge up to 100

  VCELU132 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLVU168

  Recognise that languages change over time

  Elaborations

  • identifying words that are the same as or similar to neighbouring languages
  • understanding ways in which languages influence one another, for example, language shifts, shared writing systems, loan words
  • discussing loan words that have been incorporated from other languages to describe new concepts, for example, words for new things, including technological innovations
  • understanding that language and culture together continually change as a result of contact with other languages and cultures

  VCLVU168 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCJAC134

  Interpret and explain simple interactions in Japanese, noticing linguistic and cultural features

  Elaborations

  • explaining features of Japanese language protocols such as the use of formulaic expressions, for example, いってきます、ただいま, counter classifiers, and the indication of politeness by using です
  • explaining and modelling culture-specific practices and formulaic language, such as apologising for being late by waiting at the entrance/door, bowing and using the expression おくれて　すみません。しつれいします。
  • demonstrating and explaining hand gestures, body language or facial expressions that work with language or stand alone in Japanese communication, such as beckoning with fingers pointing downwards, or waving a hand in front of the face to signal a negative response
  • using visual, print or online dictionaries, word lists and pictures to translate simple familiar texts such as labels or captions

  VCJAC134 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCELC127

  Translate and interpret words, phrases and sentences used in familiar environments such as school and home, recognising how they may have similar or different meanings to words in English or other known languages

  Elaborations

  • playing matching games with Greek and English word cards, for example, days of the week, months, seasons or vocabulary associated with weather
  • translating simple sentences into Greek, such as requests in the classroom, to understand the gist, noticing how meaning changes when translating into English, as in the case of expressions of politeness, for example, Ένα μολύβι, παρακαλώ or Θα ήθελα ένα μολύβι, παρακαλώ (A literal translation of Μπορώ να έχω ένα μολύβι, σε παρακαλώ; would not be used in Greek.)
  • translating signs or phrases in familiar contexts from Greek into English, for example, street signs, addresses, food labels (Δελφών 30, ΟΔΟΣ ΕΡΜΟΥ, ΦΡΕΣΚΟ ΓΑΛΑ, 4€), noting that some signs and symbols are universal, for example, the ‘stop’ sign

  VCELC127 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCVIU136

  Recognise the features and purpose of a range of familiar texts such as stories, greeting cards, recipes, advertisements and posters

  Elaborations

  • classifying a range of texts such as stories, greeting cards, recipes, advertisements and posters according to their purpose(s), for example, to entertain, to describe, to inform or to persuade, and recognising language features typically associated with particular texts, for example, the use of imperatives in recipes, time markers in stories, or recycling symbols on packaging
  • recognising how different textual elements such as titles or headings, layout, images and script combine to make meaning in a text such as an invitation, web page or picture book
  • comparing features of simple spoken and written texts in Vietnamese, such as a verbal greeting or a handwritten postcard, and comparing these with similar texts in English, noting, for example, the format used to write the date and address and different ways of addressing people

  VCVIU136 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU031

  Identify the likely contexts and features of informal and formal conversations involving known participants of different ages, genders and social positions

  Elaborations

  • comparing conversations between peers/friends with conversations between teachers/authorities, for example, 你/您； 坐吧！/请坐！
  • viewing and listening to the opening of conversations in a range of situations, and finding key words participants use, noticing how these chunks of language can change depending on the situatio
  • finding examples of the openings of informal and formal conversations in Chinese films, soap operas and children’s cartoons, and practising using these openings in conversation with teachers and friends

  VCZHU031 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCFRU035

  Know that French is an important global language used by communities in many countries around the world and that it has connections with several other languages

  Elaborations

  • knowing that French is spoken in many regions of the world (for example, le Québec, le Sénégal, le Maroc, la Suisse, le Monaco, la Nouvelle Calédonie), with different accents and dialects
  • understanding that French has close connections to other languages which have shared histories and many similar words, for example, English, French, Italian and Spanish (‘the bank’, la banque, la banca, el banco; ‘art’, l’art, l’arte, el arte)
  • identifying ways in which French language and culture influence the lives of Australians

  VCFRU035 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCHIC029

  Talk about their individual and group sense of identity and how this is expressed through the different languages they use

  Elaborations

  • talking about how they feel when using English, Hindi or other languages and whether there are some things that feel more natural in one language than in the other
  • demonstrating gestures or behaviours that they feel ‘belong’ in Hindi but not in English or vice versa
  • sharing opinions about whether they have a different sense of identity when they are using different languages
  • creating drawings or photo displays that show their connections with family, friendship groups and communities, writing captions of words or phrases that they associate with each group
  • considering the importance to their identity of speaking Hindi to some people, such as older relatives or members of the wider Hindi-speaking community
  • observing themselves and reporting to each other how they use Hindi and English in different contexts and for different purposes, identifying favourite expressions or gestures in each language

  VCHIC029 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCTRC024

  Create simple imaginative texts, such as stories, dialogues, songs or chants, which allow for exploration and enjoyment of language

  Elaborations

  • using puppet characters from traditional texts such as Karagöz ve Hacıvat to create and enact representations of relationships and experiences from their own worlds
  • collecting rhyming words and using them to create their own poems on selected topics, such as mevsimler, milli bayramlar
  • composing dialogues between imagined characters in challenging or amusing situations, using expressions and behaviours that convey emotion or humour and capture elements that are typical of the context or experience
  • using models such as the nursery rhyme Komşu komşu to create and present a digital story or scripted play that uses words and expressions to build rhythm and rhyme
  • creating simple rhymes, raps or songs that experiment with alliteration, repetition and word play
  • creating texts to share with younger learners, such as Big Books, comics or Vokis, incorporating humorous and expressive language
  • adapting modelled examples of tongue twisters such as Al Şu Taka Tukaları Taka Tukacıya Götür to experiment with a range of letter combinations and sounds

  VCTRC024 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Creating

• VCASFC145

  Communicate with each other and with teachers about aspects of their personal worlds, daily routines, preferences and pastimes

  Elaborations

  • asking each other about their daily routines, interests or pastimes, for example:
    PRO2 ARRIVE SCHOOL HOW? CAR TAXI WALK G:WELL?
    How do you get to school?
    PRO2 REGULAR GO-TO-BED WHAT TIME?
    What time do you go to bed?
    WEEKEND OR HOLIDAYS, WHAT D-O?
    What do you do in your free time?
    
  • recounting personal experiences using specific time-related signs and conjunctions, such as BEFORE, AFTER, LONG-TIME-AGO, for example:
    LONG-TIME-AGO PRO1 FLY NEW ZEALAND
    A long time ago I went on a plane to New Zealand.
    
  • recounting classroom events using some indicating, plain and depicting verbs
  • describing activities they have completed, interests or favourite pastimes, using modifications to show manner, for example:
    PRO1 WORK LITTLE, LATER WORK-REALLY HARD
    I worked on it a little bit, then later I worked really hard on it.
    PRO1 SWIM-_fast SWIM-_slow
    I swam really fast till I got tired and slowed down.
    
  • expressing preferences in relation to people, places or things, for example:
    PRO1 LIKE THAT, THAT, BUT THAT BEST BOOK
    I like that one, and that one, but that one is the best book.
    
  • interacting with members of the Deaf community to share details of their personal worlds
  • identifying significant people in their lives, such as family members or friends, describing their appearance, characteristics or personality, for example:
    PRINCIPAL YOU-KNOW LONG-HAIR GLASSES?
    You know the principal? She has long hair and wears glasses.
    POSS1 BROTHER OLD++ TALL REAL FUNNY
    My brother is older; he’s tall and really funny.
    

  VCASFC145 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCARU132

  Understand and use key grammatical forms and structures, such as basic pronouns and possessive pronouns, singular/plural forms of regular nouns and adjectives, and prepositions

  Elaborations

  • using subject–verb–object word order in simple sentences relating to home and school environment, recognising the use of the definite article and its impact on the meaning of the sentence, for example,

    أكمل وسام الدرس؛ أكمل وسام درساً؛ نظفت سماح الغرفة؛ نظفت سماح غرفةً

  • understanding and applying singular nouns and regular plural noun endings in masculine and feminine forms, for example,

    معلم- معلمون؛ معلمة - معلمات

  • using singular, second person and plural possessive pronouns to describe relationship or ownership, for example,

    هذا دفترك يا سمير؛ لينا هذه حقيبتك؛ أمي أليس هذا مفتاح سيارتك؟ أبي أين نظارتك؟ كتبهم؛ لعبكم؛ غرفنا

  • using a range of adjectives in singular and plural form to describe appearance, feelings and personalities, for example,

    أختي طويلة وأخي قصير؛ عين أخي واسعة؛ أبي طويل القامة؛ امي نحيفة الجسم؛ أنا سعيد جداً؛ أختي حزينة لأنها أضاعت كتابها المفضل؛ أمي مرحة جداً وأبي ودود وضحوك

  • using past tense verbs to recount events related to home and school contexts, for example,

    قدمت فرضي للمعلمة؛ تأخرت عن الدرس؛ نمت متأخراً؛ نسيت كتبي في البيت

  • using imperative forms of simple verbs when giving others instructions, for example,

    كلُ طعامك؛ نظّف أسنانك؛ أُكتب الجملة؛ أفتحي كتابك؛ إمسكي القلم؛ إسألي أمك

  • expressing negation in simple sentences, for example,

    لا أحب مادة العلوم

  • using adverbs of place and time to expand on expressions, for example

    إستيقظت باكراً؛ وصلت إلى المدرسة متأخراً؛ شاهدت المباراة في الملعب؛ قرأت الكتاب في مكتبة المدرسة

  • using a variety of prepositions to expand on spoken and written interactions, for example

    في وقت الفراغ؛ في العطلة؛ ذهبت من البيت إلى المدرسة؛ أثناء الغداء إتصلت بأمي

  • understanding and using simple question words in interactions, for example

    متى أتيت إلى البيت؟ من أعد لك الفطور؟؛ ماذا احضرت للغداء؟ كيف أتيت إلى المدرسة؟

  VCARU132 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITU033

  Use key grammatical structures to form simple sentences, including the use of possessive pronouns, prepositions, definite and indefinite articles, and gender and singular/plural forms

  Elaborations

  • identifying gender, singular and plural in the regular form
  • observing gender in patterns of naming, for example, Paolo/Paola and Alessandro/Alessandra, but that Luca, Andrea and Simone are all male names in Italian
  • using singular and plural, recognising that some singular nouns do not follow the regular masculine/feminine pattern, for example, la mano, il papà
  • using the definite and indefinite articles and understanding how to specify a particular person or object, for example, la mamma, una mamma; il quaderno, un quaderno; l’arancia, un’ arancia
  • using personal pronouns in context, for example, Chi ha finito? Io!
  • learning to conjugate common regular verbs in the present tense, for example, gioco-gioca, mangio-mangiamo
  • expressing negation, for example, voglio/non voglio
  • expressing preferences and reasons for preferences, for example, mi piace ... perché
  • using cardinal numbers to tell the time and for dates and ages; using ordinal numbers such as primo, secondo, etc.
  • using adjectives to describe characteristics or qualities of a person or object, such as nationality, shape and colour (for example, Chiara è italiana), and noticing that they change with gender, for example, la macchina rossa, il libro rosso,
  • using prepositions to indicate location or direction, for example, a casa, a Roma, in città, a sinistra, sopra il tavolo, sotto il banco
  • using possessive adjectives to express ownership, for example, la mia casa, la tua famiglia, il tuo cappello, mia nonna
  • using suffixes to add nuance, for example, -ino (fratellino, piccolino) or -etto (poveretto, casetta)
  • creating simple sentences in the subject–verb–object pattern, and linking ideas using conjunctions such as e and ma

  VCITU033 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCTRU030

  Understand and use key grammatical forms and structures, such as simple verb tenses, recognising how grammatical forms and functions are represented through suffixation

  Elaborations

  • describing quantity using cardinal numbers, yüz, iki yüz, üç yüz, bin, and ordinal numbers using the -inci suffix and its variations, birinci, ikinci, üçüncü
  • understanding the function of verb moods, for example, by recognising and using questions to seek information, such as Olay ne? Nerede geçti? Neler oldu? Neden oldu? Ne zaman oldu? Kahramanlar kimdi? and imperative forms such as başla! Başlayabilirsin, Kalk! Kalkabilirsin! Çabuk gel!
  • using a range of verbs, adjectives and adverbs to describe and elaborate on action, time, places and people, for example, mavi köşkte, Kısa saçlı biriydi, Çok dikkatli yürü and Dün sabah geldi
  • using a range of simple conjunctions to link basic ideas and action, for example, -den önce, -den sonra, ile/-(y)le, ama, çünkü
  • using simple and compound sentences
  • using comparatives and superlatives such as en and daha plus çok/az in order to talk about likes, dislikes and interests
  • understanding and using -(i)r, -(u)r, -(a)r simple present tense suffixes to express habitual actions and facts, for example, Güneş doğudan doğar, batıdan batar and Dişlerimi fırçalarım, Erken yatarım, Erken kalkarım
  • recognising and using simple verb tenses with negation and affirmation suffixes to form sentences such as biliyorum/bilmiyorum, okur/okumaz, uyudu/uyumadı, geleceğim/gelmeyeceğim, gitmiş/gitmemiş
  • understanding and using common interrogative pronouns such as kim, hangi, ne, neden, kaç, Bu akşam bize saat kaçta geliyor? Doğum günü davetiyesini kim yazacak?
  • identifying exclamations and exploring the range of emotions they express and the contexts in which they are used, for example, Eyvah! Ya! Öf be!
  • understanding and using the simple past tense suffix -d(i), for example, Annem çarşıdan ekmek aldı
  • understanding and using prepositions to indicate direction, for example, ileride, ortasında, üzerinde, köşesinde, aşağıda, yukarıda, doğu, batı, kuzey, güney
  • developing metalanguage for talking about language, using terms such as isimler, fiiller, sıfatlar, zarflar, ekler- ismin halleri, zamirler
  • using honorifics, such as Yaşar Amca, Ayşe Teyze

  VCTRU030 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU026

  Recognise the tone-syllable nature of spoken language, and compare Chinese and English sounds

  Elaborations

  • explaining the use of Pinyin as a learning tool to reflect the sound of Chinese spoken language, and recognising sounds associated with individual letters and syllables, differentiating, for example, qī , piě, rán and qù from English sounds for such letters and syllables
  • listening to and viewing simple conversational exchanges, recognising tone-syllables and experiencing the differences between Chinese and English intonation
  • recognising when and why some tones are not expressed in some contexts, for example, repetition of syllables in ‘Mama’, neutral tone on second syllable
  • listening to and reading out loud a nursery rhyme with strong Chinese prosodic features such as 《小老鼠，上灯台》
  • engaging in activities to raise tonal awareness, such as competing with classmates to read a tongue twister (妈妈骂马) and using hand gestures to help pronounce different tones

  VCZHU026 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU138

  Recognise the tonal features of Chinese in own speech, and understand when and why some tones are not expressed in some contexts and how syllables are decoded from and encoded into Pinyin

  Elaborations

  • differentiating between the four tones when speaking, and knowing how to pronounce the ‘neutral tone’
  • understanding the aesthetic features of reading out loud 朗诵 and reciting 背诵, focusing on phrasing, stress and intonation of Chinese spoken language

  VCZHU138 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIC023

  Present simple information about home, school and community, using visual support such as photos, maps or charts

  Elaborations

  • using simple descriptive language and supporting resources to introduce family members and friends and to identify relationships with them, for example, मौसी; चाचा, providing details such as age, religion, occupation or regional backgrounds, for example, वह ऑस्ट्रेलियाई है। उसकी उम्र तीस साल की है।
  • presenting information they have collected about each other’s likes, dislikes or interests to create a class profile, chart or database, using checklists, surveys or question cues
  • presenting information via picture stories or multimodal displays on events or topics of potential interest to Hindi-speaking children of their own age in other contexts
  • working together to design posters or web pages to promote a cultural event or regional profile
  • creating a class book or digital display about topics they have been studying in Hindi and/or other curriculum areas, for example, इस्तेमाल की जा चुकी वस्तुओं से कुछ और बनाना; जीवन-चक्र; विश्व संगीत

  VCHIC023 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Informing