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• VCASFU071

  Understand historical and contemporary factors that impact on awareness, support and use of Auslan and its vitality in contemporary Australia, comparing it with that of other signed languages around the world

  Elaborations

  • considering the impact of international historical events such as the Milan Congress (1880) and the linguistic recognition and documentation of signed languages (1960s and 1970s) on the use of signed languages in education and deaf people’s feelings of ownership and pride in their languages
  • analysing the impact of migration and settlement of deaf people from the UK and other countries in Australia on the development of Auslan
  • investigating the geographical location, origins and history of deaf schools in Australia and the impact of these institutions on the transmission, use and status of Auslan
  • considering the contemporary influences and pressures on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander signed languages and how these may affect their vitality
  • describing the role religion has played in influencing Auslan in terms of usage and spread, for example, by religious orders, early Deaf Societies and Bible translation projects
  • exploring multilingualism in the Deaf community, including the use of Auslan, English and other signed and spoken languages such as Irish-Australian sign language, and how and when users typically switch between languages and dialects
  • investigating the use and impact of generic digital technology and specific forms of communication by Auslan users, for example, video chat, social media, SMS/texting, and NRS and VRS
  • reflecting on the role of Auslan interpreters in raising awareness and understanding of Auslan in the wider community and in influencing the function and nature of Auslan, for example by the introduction of new signs for temporary use in certain contexts
  • investigating historical patterns of employment of deaf people in certain trades and fields of work, and the impact of these traditional employment domains on Auslan development
  • considering ways that Auslan is evolving due to influences such as globalisation and the capacity for new technology to store, record and share sign languages internationally
  • comparing levels of endangerment of different sign languages, such as NZSL, village sign languages, ASL, Scandinavian, South American sign languages and Auslan, for example by using UNESCO data by reviewing the iSLanDS survey findings
  • understanding the challenges faced by Auslan and other signed languages due to intergenerational disjunction in language transmission
  • investigating how new or specialised language associated with domains such as technology, engineering, cooking or fashion are used but not documented in the Deaf community, and how such language impacts on language vitality
  • identifying contexts and circumstances that support increased usage and acceptance of newly coined Auslan terms, for example, a workplace with several deaf employees
  • researching the role of the World Federation of the Deaf in mapping and monitoring the vitality of sign languages around the world and in protecting sign language diversity

  VCASFU071 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language awareness

• VCASFU197

  Understand historical and contemporary factors that impact on awareness, support and use of Auslan and its vitality in contemporary Australia, comparing it with that of other signed languages around the world

  Elaborations

  • considering the impact of international historical events such as the Milan Congress (1880) and the linguistic recognition and documentation of signed languages (1960s and 1970s) on the use of signed languages in education and deaf people’s feelings of ownership and pride in their languages
  • analysing the impact of migration and settlement of deaf people from the UK and other countries in Australia, on the development of Auslan
  • investigating the geographical location, origins and history of deaf schools in Australia and the impact of these institutions on the transmission, use and status of Auslan
  • considering the contemporary influences and pressures on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander signed languages and how these may affect their vitality
  • describing the role religion has played in influencing Auslan in terms of usage and spread, for example, by religious orders, early Deaf Societies and Bible translation projects
  • exploring the history and acceptance of signed languages and Deaf community and culture around the world, for example by creating a timeline or a research poster
  • exploring multilingualism in the Deaf community, including the use of Auslan, English and other signed and spoken languages such as Irish-Australian sign language, and how and when users typically switch between languages and dialects
  • investigating the use and impact of generic digital technology and specific forms of communication by Auslan users, for example, video chat, social media, SMS/texting, and NRS and VRS
  • reflecting on the role of Auslan interpreters in raising awareness and understanding of Auslan in the wider community and in influencing the function and nature of Auslan, for example by the introduction of new signs for temporary use in certain contexts
  • exploring the role of deafblind people in the Deaf community
  • investigating historical patterns of employment of deaf people in certain trades and fields of work, and the impact of these traditional employment domains on Auslan development
  • considering ways that Auslan is evolving due to influences such as globalisation and the capacity for new technology to store, record and share sign languages internationally
  • comparing levels of endangerment of different sign languages, such as NZSL, village sign languages, ASL, Scandinavian, South American sign languages and Auslan, for example by using UNESCO data by reviewing the iSLanDS survey findings
  • understanding the challenges faced by Auslan and other signed languages due to intergenerational disjunction in language transmission
  • investigating how new or specialised language associated with domains such as technology, engineering, cooking or fashion are used but not documented in the Deaf community, and how such language impacts on language vitality
  • identifying contexts and circumstances that support increased usage and acceptance of newly coined Auslan terms, for example, a workplace with several deaf employees
  • recognising reasons for the shared sense of identity of sign language users and the notion of reciprocity in the Deaf community
  • researching the role of the World Federation of the Deaf in mapping and monitoring the vitality of sign languages around the world and in protecting sign language diversity
  • analysing ways in which Deaf people design and adapt spaces in cultural ways (‘Deaf space’) in order to use a visual language, for example, by eliminating visual obstacles to signed communication; using circles or semicircles for meeting and learning spaces; and using open-plan areas, lighting and window placement to maximise visual access to information, with reference to Gallaudet University’s Deaf space design principles

  VCASFU197 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language awareness

• VCTRC057

  Interpret and compare representations of values, characters and events in a range of traditional and contemporary imaginative texts

  Elaborations

  • comparing representations, values and social commentary represented in current TV programs or song lyrics with those conveyed in traditional short stories such as Kaşağı or Eskici, and novels such as Çalıkuşu or Hababam Sınıfı
  • discussing television series or songs, such as Türk dizileri, Türkçe pop, şarkılar ve türküler, identifying either shifts in social or cultural attitudes from those reflected in traditional texts, such as efsane, or evidence of continuing values across time
  • identifying concepts such as courage, loyalty or social justice portrayed in traditional texts through characters such as Köroğlu, Çakırcalı Efe, Karacaoğlan, discussing their relevance to today’s society
  • assuming the persona of a character from a favourite contemporary novel or film and then adapting it to an earlier time or context, noticing changes required to language forms and expression
  • comparing representations of traditions and beliefs across cultures through visual and performing arts, for example, by comparing several living traditions present in Australia, including those associated with cultural and artistic expression of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples

  VCTRC057 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCFRC058

  Access, summarise and analyse information from different sources relating to contemporary community and lifestyle issues

  Elaborations

  • accessing, collating and analysing information on youth-related issues (for example, la musique, la télévision, les sports) from sources such as the internet, magazines and personal communications, and classifying findings into themes, for example, la jeunesse urbaine, l’environnement, le fast food
  • collecting information on topics related to lifestyle choices, explaining changes in focus and perspective over different periods, for example, Gitane - vous apporte, sans réserves, le plaisir de fumer, 1957: sans tabac, prenons la vie à pleins poumons, 2014
  • listening to or viewing informative texts such as television news reports or feature articles, and noting key words, specialised terms or points of information to be reused in own newsflash or roman photo, for example, en direct, les dernières nouvelles, l’information continue, la météo
  • researching young people’s lifestyles across French-speaking cultures and contexts, comparing information from different cultural contexts to identify the influence of factors such as geography, climate, and social and community environment, for example, les colonies de vacances, les boulots, les sports aquatiques, les jeux vidéos

  VCFRC058 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCLAU012

  Examine the enduring influence of Roman culture on the modern world, by discussing the ancient origins of modern customs, religion, literature and architecture

  Elaborations

  • recognising the ancient origins of national values such as citizenship, liberty, equity and justice
  • exploring ancient connections with daily routines in modern society, such as family life, occupations, schooling, the calendar, and leisure pursuits such as dice, board games
  • tracing Roman customs still used in modern ceremonies, such as weddings and funerals
  • identifying influences from Latin literature on popular culture, for example, Harry Potter, Romeo and Juliet, Percy Jackson, superheroes such as Superman and Hercules
  • exploring connections between ancient and modern music, for example, musical instruments such as the cithara, flutes, drums and contemporary songs composed in Latin, such as Bastille’s Pompeii with Latin lyrics
  • recognising the Roman influence on religion, such as Christian traditions
  • researching elements of Roman engineering and architecture in bridges, aqueducts, amphitheatres, drainage systems and public buildings in Australia and across the world

  VCLAU012 | Languages | Latin | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | The powerful influence of language and culture

• VCGRCU012

  Examine the enduring influence of ancient Greek culture on the modern world, by discussing the ancient origins of modern values, pursuits, citizenship, literature, the arts and architecture

  Elaborations

  • recognising the ancient origins of national values such as democracy, equity and justice, freedom of speech and independent thought
  • comparing the concept of citizenship, rights and responsibilities in ancient Greece and the modern world
  • identifying references to ancient Greek mythology and literature in visual and performing arts and literature from antiquity to the present
  • exploring ancient connections with daily routines in modern society, such as sport, theatre and schooling
  • identifying literary influences from the Classical Greek period on popular culture, such as brand names, cartoons, adventure films, for example, Clash of the Titans, Troy, Hercules
  • exploring connections between ancient and modern music, for example, musical instruments such as the guitar, which is descended from the cithara or lyre
  • recognising the use of Greek as the language of the New Testament and as the original language of well-known texts such as the Lord’s Prayer
  • researching elements of Greek engineering and architecture seen in public buildings in Australia and across the world, for example, the use of Doric, Ionic and Corinthian columns
  • observing and discussing ancient Greek architectural structures and influences in Roman, Renaissance, Neoclassical and New Classical architecture

  VCGRCU012 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | The powerful influence of language and culture

• VCASFU072

  Reflect on how language use is influenced by communities’ world views and sense of identity and on how language and culture influence each other

  Elaborations

  • exploring the nature of culture and how it is related to ways of thinking and using language, for example by comparing the cultural concept of Deaf identity with a medical model of deafness
  • exploring ways in which language choices, such as sign choices, reflect attitudes towards certain topics, for example, oralism
  • analysing how concepts related to cultural practices are expressed through language, for example, by identifying particular elements of naming systems, such as the use of pointing, NMFs and name signs, as in the case of number name signs of older deaf people who attended the Victorian School for Deaf Children
  • identifying and discussing core cultural concepts reflected in Auslan such as the collective nature of the Deaf community, the importance of respect for elders and of reciprocity and responsibility, for example, how signing TAP-MANY, TAP-2H++ reflects understanding of responsibility to share information and pass on knowledge, or greater use of the ‘flat hand’ rather than the ‘point hand’ and use of full titles in acknowledgements and forms of address when introducing an esteemed Deaf elder
  • investigating how Auslan users interact with their social and physical environment, for example, locating other signers, gravitating to spaces that are visually accessible
  • identifying culturally significant attitudes and beliefs conveyed through Auslan that relate to history, significant individuals, places or events, for example, attitudes to spoken language that reflect the history of suppression of signed languages, as in the use of signs that reference tensions between oral and signing deaf people or between hearing and deaf people, such as the sign for communication breakdown which infers lack of awareness or understanding of cultural values, beliefs and language on the part of the other party
  • comparing elements of communication in different contexts and exchanges that are culturally specific, such as back-channelling, the use of silence or eye contact, head nodding to indicate understanding rather than agreement, and the implications of such cultural variability in contexts such as courts of law
  • observing that concepts may be culture and language specific, for example, in relation to time and space, as in the spatial mapping for timelines in Auslan
  • understanding how developing sign language literatures which recount significant journeys and events associated with the beginnings of Deaf education and the development of Deaf communities not only map history but also embody values and mores of Deaf cultures, for example, accounts of the Gallaudet and Clerc reciprocal relationship, or the US Civil War deaf soldiers’ story as told by Ben Bahan
  • exploring ways in which the production and affect related to the sign for COCHLEAR-IMPLANT have evolved over time due to shifting values and perceptions of the Deaf community in relation to the implant, noting, for example, the transition from a negative affect to more neutral production of the sign
  • researching examples of deaf leaders who have established organisations or services which met the cultural needs of their community, for example, Dorothy Shaw and Deaf Action Books, Nola Colefax and the Australian Theatre of the Deaf

  VCASFU072 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCZHC230

  Plan, rehearse and deliver presentations of classical Chinese literature and famous speeches and discuss how cultural values can be transferred

  Elaborations

  • discussing the impact of Chinese traditional entertainment on contemporary Chinese culture, for example, 相声
  • analysing classical poems and the values they convey, and relating them to culturally significant events, for example, Chinese New Year in 宋代诗人王安石《元日》
  • comparing the Gettysburg Address with a speech of equal significance in Chinese and discussing why these speeches are important and what language features are used to convey messages

  VCZHC230 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHU207

  Explore the role of language in passing on cultural values and beliefs to younger generations and identify changes in language use over time

  Elaborations

  • exploring the extensive and ongoing role of idiom (for example, 成语 and 谚语) in contemporary texts and everyday speech
  • recognising the influences of other languages and cultures on the Chinese language (for example, and the use of code-switching), and exploring how language choice (such as communicating in regional Chinese, English, standard Chinese or youth slang) indicates membership of a group and can exclude others from the interaction
  • identifying situations in language can be used to position themselves or others as an insider or outsider, for example, the use of 老外 in Australia to refer to non-Chinese; the choice between 咱们 and 我们 to include or exclude participants
  • experimenting with voice projection, pitch and rhythm when trying to assert own view or idea without disempowering or dismissing others, for example, to appear authoritative when speaking on an issue or topic, or to reprimand, advise or motivate others

  VCZHU207 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCTRU068

  Understand that language is not neutral and that its forms and usage reflect cultural values, ideas and perspectives

  Elaborations

  • sharing understandings of what culture is and of how it relates to language and to identity, using statements such as Kültür … demektir, Kültür … oluşur, Kültür ve dil bir milletin en önemli özelliklerindendir, Kültür dili, dil kültürü yaratır
  • drawing on their own experience of using Turkish, English and other languages in different contexts to consider how language can make people feel powerful or weak, can feel inclusive or exclusive
  • noticing how their choice of language such as forms of address, use of adjectives, nouns or pronouns when interacting in Turkish both influences and reflects relationships with people and attitudes and values
  • experimenting with ‘reading between the lines’ of unfamiliar texts such as news reports or speeches to identify values or attitudes that underlie the text, for example, editorials or news reports from different cultural contexts
  • identifying changes in ways of communicating in Turkish or English in today’s society that reflect changes in cultural and social practices, for example, Allahaısmarladık/hoşça kal! Allaha emanet ol/İyi yolculuklar
  • developing language for thinking and talking about cultural expression and representation, for example, bakış açısı,değerler, görüntü, klişe, dahil etmek, dışında bırakmak
  • identifying how words, expressions and actions reflect relationships and social hierarchies, such as the use of titles such as bey/hanım, ağa/hanımağa, usta, çırak, muavin, yardımcı, paşa, öğretmen, hoca, and considering how concepts such as respect or hierarchy are expressed in English

  VCTRU068 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCHIC060

  Interpret and compare representations of values, characters and events from a range of traditional and contemporary imaginative texts

  Elaborations

  • comparing themes and values represented in contemporary texts such as cartoons or video games with those conveyed in traditional fables, epic poems and legends
  • analysing cultural styles of humour in comedies or cartoons, for example, by comparing Hindi jokes about family relationships, such as mother-in-law/daughter-in-law and husband/wife jokes पति- पत्नी इत्यादि के चुटकुले, with humour around similar relationships in Australian English
  • identifying characters in fables and legends that embody particular qualities, values or defects that have come to represent recognisable character traits in everyday speech, for example, referring to a playful or naughty child as Krishna or Kahnaiyya, or to a late-sleeper as Kumbakaran
  • considering whether values and aspirations expressed in historical texts such as letters written during the freedom struggles in India might have relevance to their own lives
  • comparing style, creative effects and cultural values reflected in popular Hindi and Australian music by listening to music stations, reading print or online music magazines, classifying song titles or viewing clips from Bollywood films
  • comparing representations of traditions and beliefs across cultures through visual and performing arts, for example, by comparing different living traditions present in Australia, including cultural and artistic expression associated with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
  • providing a live commentary to a dance performance, interpreting movements, commenting on the significance of costume and interpreting messages conveyed through the performance

  VCHIC060 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHU175

  Explore the significance of tradition in 名人名言 and 经典, and contemporary influences on language use

  Elaborations

  • reading traditional-form texts on familiar topics and inferring meanings of key characters
  • comprehending texts in traditional characters encountered in everyday contexts by drawing a connection with the character’s simplified version, for example, 匾 used at a tourist site

  VCZHU175 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFU198

  Reflect on how language use is influenced by communities’ world views and sense of identity and on how language and culture influence each other

  Elaborations

  • exploring the nature of culture and how it is related to ways of thinking and using language, for example by comparing the cultural concept of Deaf identity with a medical model of deafness
  • reflecting on ways that Auslan describes and reflects Deaf culture, comparing this to the relationship between their own hearing/background language and culture
  • analysing how concepts related to cultural practices are expressed through language, for example, by identifying elements of naming systems such as the use of pointing, NMFs and name signs, as in the case of number name signs of older deaf people who attended the Victorian School for Deaf Children
  • identifying and discussing core cultural concepts reflected in Auslan, such as the collective nature of the Deaf community, the importance of respect for elders and of reciprocity and responsibility, for example, how signing TAP-2h++ reflects the shared understanding of responsibility to share information and pass on knowledge, or greater use of the ‘flat hand’ rather than the ‘point hand’ and use of full titles in acknowledgements and forms of address when introducing an esteemed elder
  • identifying culturally significant attitudes and beliefs conveyed through Auslan that relate to history, significant individuals, places or events, for example, frustration with the use of ‘voice’ in front of deaf signers can be traced to the historical oppression of signed languages
  • comparing elements of communication in different contexts and exchanges that are culturally specific, such as back-channelling, the use of silence or eye contact, head nodding to indicate understanding rather than agreement, and the implications of such cultural variability in contexts such as in courts of law
  • observing that concepts may be culture and language specific, for example, in relation to time and space, as in the spatial mapping for timelines in Auslan
  • exploring ways in which production and affect related to the sign for COCHLEAR IMPLANT have evolved due to shifting values and perceptions within the Deaf community in relation to the implant, noting, for example, the transition from a negative affect to more neutral production of the sign

  VCASFU198 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCESU180

  Reflect on how cultural values and ideas are embedded in language and influence intercultural interactions and experiences

  Elaborations

  • identifying how ways of communicating in Spanish and English differ and how people outside each culture may understand these differently, for example, attitudes to time reflected in language and social interactions; expressing thanks or appreciation more or less directly
  • recognising that language and cultural practices are interconnected, for example, by identifying the religious origins or connotations of many common Spanish names (Jesús María, Dolores, Concepción, Asunción) and expressions (la bendición, ¡que Dios te bendiga!)
  • investigating and using language associated with significant cultural practices and events such as celebrations, for example, La novena, Día de las madres, Día de la emancipación de los esclavos, Primero de mayo, Carnaval, and identifying associated values, beliefs and perspectives
  • considering how differences between ways of using language reflect cultural influences, for example, the adoption of varying systems of apellidos in different Spanish-speaking communities

  VCESU180 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCLVU195

  Investigate and explain techniques used to build language, considering challenges involved and understanding their role as contemporary documenters of language

  Elaborations

  • identifying and discussing the main areas of the language that could be served by language building
  • analysing the authenticity of historical sources used in language building and discuss the strengths and limitations of these
  • investigating different approaches that have historically been used to record language and what this means for language revival, for example, different spellings, different domains of use, lexical biases
  • understanding challenges in developing new words and structures for the language, and how these words might be developed within the existing resources of the language or by analogy from related languages
  • discussing techniques used to build language, such as analysing historical sources, interviewing/recording existing speakers
  • understanding the orthographic and grammatical choices of the contemporary community
  • considering domains of use where the language may grow in the future
  • trying out ways of making new words under the guidance of an Aboriginal languages specialist or a respected community member where appropriate
  • working with local Aboriginal communities in language-related projects, and contributing to local language records and resources through structured and research-based projects
  • understanding their role as contemporary documenters of the language, for example, listening and transcribing spoken texts, preserving language resources developed at school
  • developing a variety of resources for younger and future students of the language
  • investigating programs and initiatives that serve to maintain and strengthen language use, for example, school languages programs, bilingual education, research programs, recording and archiving material, websites, databases and documentaries
  • exploring the importance of advocacy in supporting the maintenance and development of language and culture

  VCLVU195 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Role of language building

• VCZHU095

  Identify traditional phrases and contemporary terms in everyday language use and the role of technology in changing the way people communicate

  Elaborations

  • discussing contexts where 繁体字 and 简体字 are used in Chinese-speaking communities today and exploring the use of these scripts as an expression of local identity, for example, in Hong Kong and Taiwan, or in local temples, signs and newspapers
  • understanding the nature of and reasons for the simplification process by analysing and comparing characters in both systems (简体字 and 繁体字), for example, 门-門;国-國;这-這
  • appreciating the role of myths, legends and 成语 in contemporary language use, for example, reading texts containing 成语, such as 井底之蛙，画龙点睛 within 成语故事, and discussing their intended meaning, and the cultural importance of classical language employed in contemporary contexts
  • discussing how languages influence each other, for example, how foreign concepts are represented in Chinese; interpreting the meanings of transliterations such as 可口可乐, translations such as 热狗, and hybrid forms such as 因特网
  • noticing the use of English phrases and sentences in Chinese interactions (for example, 拜拜, or a few lines of English in a Chinese pop song), and discussing the reason for the ‘code-switching’

  VCZHU095 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCZHC165

  Express opinions about how popular imaginative texts, including poems and 故事, reveal important cultural values

  Elaborations

  • describing how emotions, attitudes or intentions of a performer, author or character are conveyed through language, and analysing how emotions (for example, happiness, sadness, homesickness) are expressed in popular songs or TV programs
  • viewing popular TV programs designed for Chinese youth, sharing individual responses or reactions to forms of Chinese entertainment, and comparing features of performance across cultures
  • understanding how music, imagery and stereotypical representations of people, places and practices are used in contemporary youth media to influence audience responses
  • exploring regional and generational influences on popular culture of the Sinophone world (such as 港台流行歌曲； 港片), and identifying different concepts of ‘beauty’ in different eras, for example, 60年代流行…, 70年代流行…
  • comparing features of performance in different media (such as radio, television and online videos), and discussing how entertainment is changing with technology
  • producing creative texts in response to literary texts such as 《某某后传》, reflecting the literary styles and methods identified in such texts
  • reading a range of imaginative texts from other cultures, keeping a reading journal (读书笔记) to record understanding and own responses, and participating in class discussions about texts such as 《小王子》 and 《安徒生童话选》
  • discussing themes and meanings of traditional texts, including classical poems (for example,《静夜思》，《春晓》，《咏鹅》) and stories, fables and legends ( for example, 《孔融让梨》、《井底之蛙》、 《铁杵磨针》

  VCZHC165 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCJAU017

  Understand that the Japanese language both influences and is influenced by other languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • recognising words of Japanese origin used in English, for example, ‘judo’, ‘karaoke’, ‘karate’, ‘obento’, ‘sushi’
  • recognising the use of words ‘borrowed’ by Japanese from other languages such as English, French or Portuguese, for example, サッカー、 ゴルフ、 パン、 and noting how these are pronounced by Japanese speakers
  • understanding that languages and cultures change continuously due to contact with one another and in response to new needs, ideas and developments in communications and technology, and considering why some types of words and expressions are more frequently borrowed, such as ラップトップ、 ダウンロード、 チャット
  • identifying words that have similar meanings and pronunciation across different languages, and reflecting on the possible origins of such words and their associated cultures
  • understanding that there are Japanese-speaking communities outside Japan, for example, in the United States, in particular Hawaii, and South America, and that Japanese is widely taught in many countries around the world and within the Asia-Pacific region, including Australia
  • understanding that all languages change, that some are constantly growing and expanding and that others are disappearing or being revived, as in the case of many indigenous languages

  VCJAU017 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCKOU018

  Explore how language use and communicative practices can influence people’s lives, thoughts and perceptions

  Elaborations

  • identifying examples of language use that show membership of a particular social group, for example, slang, accents, jargon
  • observing how differently abbreviated forms in multimedia and social media are accepted in Korean and English, for example, ‘ASAP’, ‘RSVP’, 쌤, 여친, 남친
  • examining the presence of Korean language and culture in the Australian linguistic landscape (for example, signage, food, art and music, local newspapers, television or radio), and reflecting on how this is perceived by other cultural groups in Australia

  VCKOU018 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCZHC234

  Reflect on adjustments they and others make in their everyday language use, and connect these adjustments to aspects of experience, culture and roles in Australian society

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on how meanings of certain words are understood in different ways, for example, the different implications of using the term 他的店很肮脏
  • exploring multiple aspects of the concept of ‘identity’ by contrasting ‘individuality’ (个体) with ‘collective identity’ (集体)
  • identifying how their knowledge of Chinese and English opens up opportunities to expand their own world views
  • discussing experiences of ‘returning to home country’ (回国) and how they feel about the lifestyle and practices of their old home
  • reflecting on how their sense of being Chinese is influenced by their experience of living in Australia, for example, by maintaining a journal or blog
  • identifying features of communication in Chinese that are interpreted differently when applied in English communication, for example, examining how adjusting from a tonal language to English sometimes results in miscommunication of emotion or a perception of being abrupt
  • examining and reflecting on interactions that did not achieve their desired goal, and identifying strategies to enhance the effectiveness of their communication with others
  • reflecting on the challenges of addressing cultural assumptions and stereotyping when discussing aspects of life in Australia, for example, 有的澳大利亚人说到中国人就会说中国人怎么怎么样...，难道一个中国人做的事情就代表了所有的中国人么？

  VCZHC234 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting