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• VCJAU014

  Develop understanding of the systematic nature of grammatical structures and features of Japanese used to perform particular functions, such as describing people, objects and places, and indicating quantity

  Elaborations

  • developing metalanguage for communicating about language, using terms such as ‘noun’, ‘pronoun’, ‘verb’, ‘adjective’ and ‘conjunction’, and cross-referencing with knowledge of English-language syntax and parts of speech
  • understanding the rule that Japanese sentences end with a predicate and that there are three types of predicates, noun plus copula, adjective plus copula, and verb:
    • subject は noun　です。
    • subjectは adjective　です。
    • subject は　objectを　verb ます。
  • understanding that pronouns are used far less frequently in Japanese than in English
  • understanding and using a range of particles to perform different functions, for example:
    • は (subject, topic marker)
    • が (subject, topic marker: ～が好(す)きです、 ～がいます/あります)
    • を (object)
    • に (time, destination)
    • へ (direction)
    • で (transport)
    • の (possession)
    • と (and, with)
    • も (also)
  • understanding the role of sentence-ending particles such as かand ね
  • understanding that the word order of noun phrases is not important as long as they appear before the verb and are accompanied by correct particles
  • understanding how to use いand な adjectives in the present tense in basic sentences such as たのしい、 たのしくない、 ゆうめいな、 ゆうめいじゃない
  • understanding the rules of verb conjugation, for example, ～ます、 ～ましょう、 ～ました、 ～ません、 ～ませんでした
  • understanding different question words such as 何(なに), どこ、 何(なん)よう日(び)、 どんな、 いつ、 いくら、 だれ
  • describing locations of homes, people and things using basic structures such as noun は　place に　あります。 noun は　place に　います。
  • using a range of verbs related to daily activities, for example, 行(い)きます、 見(み)ます、 たべます、 かきます、 よみます、 ききます、 はなします、 します
  • understanding and responding to formulaic expressions that use て form, such as 見(み)て　ください。 トイレに　行(い)っても　いい　ですか 。
  • creating cohesion and flow using conjunctions, for example, そして、 それから、 でも
  • knowing how to count 一(いち)～千(せん)
  • using common counters and classifiers such as ～人、 ～さい、 ～がつ、 ～時(じ)
  • understanding the use of こそあどseries in concrete contexts, for example, これ、 それ、 あれ、 どれ
  • using basic time expressions such as days of the week and months, for example, まい日(にち)、 ときどき
  • building vocabulary that relates to familiar environments such as the classroom, family and personal world and that can be used for cross-curricular content learning
  • understanding the use of the prefixes お and ご before some words to indicate respect, for example,
    おなまえは？、ごかぞく　
  • understanding that the words for family members are different for one’s own family and for other people’s families, for example, お母(かあ)さん、母(はは)
  • identifying similarities and differences in Japanese and English grammatical rules relating to word order or the use of elements such as pronouns

  VCJAU014 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAC003

  Interact in classroom routines and exchanges such as asking and responding to questions, requesting help, repetition or permission, following instructions, or giving praise and encouragement

  Elaborations

  • using set phrases, formulaic expressions and appropriate gestures for regular classroom routines such as opening and closing lessons and responding to roll call, for example, きりつ, れい, ちゃくせき、はい、います。いません。
  • asking the meaning of words and how to say something in Japanese, requesting repetition and indicating whether or not they understand, for example, はい、わかりました。いいえ、ちょっと　わかりません。日本語(にほんご)で　何(なん) ですか。すみません、もう　いちど。
  • using formulaic expressions to ask for clarification (for example, ～は　えい語(ご)で　何(なん)　ですか。十四(じゅうよん)ページ　ですか。) or permission (for example,トイレに　行(い)っても　いい　ですか。), to apologise for lateness or interrupting (for example, すみません、ちょっと　いい　ですか。おくれて　すみません。), and to borrow classroom objects (for example,えんぴつを　かして　ください。けしゴム、ありますか。)
  • using appropriate language and behaviour when giving and receiving classroom objects, for example, どうぞ。ありがとう　ございます。
  • following instructions to complete an activity or to get organised, for example, たって　ください。三人(さんにん)グループに　なって　ください。
  • praising, complimenting and encouraging others, for example, じょうず　ですね。いい　ですね。よく　できました。すごい　ですね。もうちょっと　です。がんばりましょう。

  VCJAC003 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCJAC006

  Listen to, read and view texts such as folk stories, video clips and television commercials, share reactions and describe aspects such as characters and contexts

  Elaborations

  • reading and viewing texts such as anime, manga, video clips or lyrics of J-pop, responding to questions about characters, lyrics or events, for example, だれ　ですか。名(な)まえは　何(なん)　ですか。何(なん)の　イベント　ですか。どこ　ですか。、 or re-creating elements by means of a storyboard, timeline or original performance
  • responding to structured stimulus questions about characters, places, events or effects in imaginative texts such as stories, films and anime, using modelled language and formulaic expressions to express reactions, for example, やさしい 人(ひと)せが　たかい　です。おもしろい　はなし　ですね。ちょっと　こわい　です。かなしい　です。たのしかった　です。びっくり　しました。どきどき　しました。
  • comparing and reflecting on ideas, values and key messages in Japanese texts, such as the moral of a story or folk tale, identifying ideas and themes that may be similar or different across cultures, for example, Japanese concepts of おんがえし、 working hard, consideration of others and humility
  • discussing which animals often feature in Japanese folk tales and what characteristics are attributed to them, for example, つる in つるのおんがえし、さる and かに in さるかにがっせん、 and comparing with animals that feature in folk stories from other languages and cultures from the Asia-Pacific region, such as Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander stories
  • exploring the idea of changing values and behaviours as represented in contemporary imaginative and creative texts such as television shows and/or commercials, video clips, jingles and computer games

  VCJAC006 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCJAU012

  Recognise and use features of the Japanese sound system, including pitch, accent, rhythm and intonation

  Elaborations

  • understanding the system of Japanese sound combinations, that Japanese has five vowels and that a vowel can be attached to all consonants except ‘ん’
  • accurately pronouncing all combinations of hiragana and katakana, including voiced and unvoiced forms and all combined sounds (contractions and blends)
  • understanding that the sounds of hiragana and katakana are identical even though the associated scripts are different
  • recognising that in the copula desu and the verb suffix masu, the ‘u’ is devoiced in normal speech
  • using available combinations of katakana to experiment with the Japanese pronunciation of loan words, for example, レストラン
  • recognising the basic unit of sound in Japanese (‘mora’: モーラ or 拍), for example, こんにちは has five moras
  • becoming familiar with the rhythm of Japanese, recognising the concept of the ‘foot’ (フット) as the minimum unit of rhythm, and that one foot in Japanese consists of two moras, for example, ごちそうさま is pronounced as a three-foot word

  VCJAU012 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAU177

  Understand how and why different scripts are used in different types of texts, such as announcements, tickets, advertisements, public signs or manga

  Elaborations

  • recognising key features and structures of familiar texts in Japanese, such as lost child announcements, spoken commercials or print advertisements, for example, by identifying formulaic expressions, and comparing with expressions in similar texts in English
  • recognising the format of different Japanese texts and punctuation conventions in either たてがき or よこがき, and understanding how this varies according to the context, purpose and intended audience
  • understanding how to create textual cohesion, using elements such as paragraphing or conjunctions to sequence and link ideas and to maintain the flow of expression, for example, だから、それで、それに
  • comparing and contrasting the structures of a variety of authentic community texts in Japanese and English, exploring how the audience, purpose and context influence each language version

  VCJAU177 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAU015

  Identify textual conventions of familiar spoken, written and multimodal types of texts

  Elaborations

  • recognising structures and key features of familiar types of texts such as めいし、 emails, conversations, speeches, advertisements, stories and songs, identifying formulaic expressions and comparing with similar texts in English, for example, by comparing ways of answering the phone or starting and ending a letter
  • identifying how certain types of texts are typically constructed, for example, the use of particular layouts, visual images and grammatical features in advertisements, manga or brochures
  • understanding that the format of Japanese texts can include either たてがき or よこがき、 according to the context, purpose and intended audience
  • understanding how to create textual cohesion, using elements such as paragraphing or conjunctions to sequence and link ideas and to maintain the flow of expression, for example, そして、それから、 でも
  • understanding conventions associated with using げんこうようし、 for example, the size of small characters, the position in the square and the placing of punctuation

  VCJAU015 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAC166

  Access, summarise and reorganise information obtained from a range of texts on a variety of topics, and present it in different formats

  Elaborations

  • gathering, classifying and summarising information from class surveys, realia, notices, timetables and announcements, and presenting findings in formats such as digital presentations, posters, wall charts or oral summaries
  • identifying key details, expressions and information in authentic or modified texts, for example, signs, weather reports, print advertisements, menus, packaging, brochures or websites, and using the information to create their own texts for specific purposes and audiences
  • listening for key points of information and cultural references in short spoken or recorded texts such as phone messages, announcements or weather reports, and transposing them to note form for their own reference or to communicate to others
  • collating information from sources such as magazine articles, recorded interviews or website postings about high-profile individuals or events to edit and represent in timelines or profiles on a shared database
  • drawing on content, language, images and presentation formats from a range of Japanese media resources to design posters or leaflets on topics such as environmental sustainability or youth-related issues

  VCJAC166 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCJAC168

  Analyse and respond to a range of imaginative texts, noticing cultural elements and comparing with English-language texts created for similar audiences

  Elaborations

  • responding to imaginative texts such as songs, stories, films or video clips, for example, by identifying favourite elements or characters and recording key vocabulary and expressions
  • reading and evaluating a story or manga, for example, by rating it and creating a short modelled review to present orally to the group or to post on a shared website
  • reading or viewing simple むかしばなし, identifying key messages and values and comparing them to familiar folk tales or stories associated with their own early literacy experience
  • comparing popular contemporary Japanese and Australian music by listening to and viewing music video clips, identifying similarities and differences in expression, themes and styles of performance
  • comparing how key messages and beliefs are communicated across cultures through the visual and creative arts, for example, comparing the role and representation of animals or landscapes in Indigenous Australian Dreaming stories and Japanese mythology or folk tales

  VCJAC168 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCJAC173

  Consider how their own biography, including family origins, traditions, interests and experiences, impacts on their sense of identity and ways of communicating

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on their own response to learning and participating in cultural behaviours such as bowing and using respectful language, identifying degrees of comfort, discomfort, challenge and enjoyment
  • creating written, spoken or multimodal texts such as identity maps, timelines, digital presentations or family trees with captions to describe significant life influences such as key people, events, educational experiences, community affiliations or travel experiences, for example, そふは　イタリア人です。でも、そぼは　イギリス人です。1950 年(ねん)に　オーストラリアに　きました。
  • reflecting on the experience of learning and using Japanese, and considering whether own previous attitudes or assumptions in relation to Japan or the Japanese language and culture have changed
  • considering their identity as a ‘second language learner’ and whether it involves changes in aspirations, career considerations or social-networking opportunities
  • sharing and comparing cultural and intercultural experiences and language capabilities, and exchanging views on the benefits of speaking more than one language, such as having a larger vocabulary to draw on, additional insights and perspectives, and opportunities for new experiences

  VCJAC173 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCJAC009

  Create simple bilingual texts and resources such as learning support materials, menus, brochures, signs, digital presentations, displays and captions

  Elaborations

  • creating written or digital bilingual resources to support their language learning, such as captions for photo stories or displays, glossaries or personal Japanese–English dictionaries, with examples and explanations of terms or expressions that have cultural associations
  • preparing bilingual captions for texts such as a newsletter item for the school community or for Japanese-speaking peers, exploring how to convey specific ideas in two different languages
  • interpreting aspects of spoken Japanese texts for others, for example, providing an English commentary on a Japanese item at a class, school or community event, assembly or parent evening, explaining culturally significant expressions and gestures
  • creating bilingual menus, signs or brochures for the school or local community, such as information about caring for the environment or school resources

  VCJAC009 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCJAU174

  Understand that katakana is used for loan words, and that these words must be pronounced within the combinations of available Japanese sounds

  Elaborations

  • accurately pronouncing all combinations of kana, including voiced and unvoiced elements, and all combined sounds (contractions and blends)
  • recognising that in the copula desu and the verb suffix masu, the ‘u’ is devoiced in normal speech
  • using available combinations of katakana to experiment with Japanese pronunciation of unfamiliar loan words, for example, ホワイトボード
  • understanding that some new combinations of sounds have been devised to allow for pronunciation of loan words, for example, ティ

  VCJAU174 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAC010

  Reflect on the experience of learning and using Japanese in different contexts, commenting on similarities to and differences from their own usual language use and behaviour

  Elaborations

  • adopting Japanese ways of communicating that reflect cultural values and practices such as the expression of respect or familiarity, for example, 母(はは)、ママ and お母(かあ)さん、～さん and ～せんせい
  • describing and demonstrating differences in ways of showing consideration for others in Japanese, for example, using particular terms of address, register and body language in greetings, such asおはよう。 versus おはようございます。、 or forms of respect or apology when entering a classroom しつれいします。、 at mealtimes いただきます。or when interrupting someoneすみません。
  • reflecting on aspects of the experience of using Japanese that highlight intercultural differences relating to social and communicative behaviours, for example, the use of personal space and body language, and ways of accepting or refusing an offer
  • observing live or recorded interactions in different Japanese-language contexts, identifying aspects that they find confusing or surprising, for example, gestures (おじぎ), levels of politeness, ways of requesting, thanking or greeting, or the exchange of business cards, and comparing to own cultural forms of expression and social interaction
  • developing language for expressing personal reactions to and feelings about intercultural experience, for example, いいですね。 あれ？ へえ すごい！びっくりした！すみません。
  • noticing that a focus on ‘self’ is avoided in Japanese by the minimal use of the pronoun ‘I’ in interactions

  VCJAC010 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCJAC165

  Interact in whole-class and small group activities that involve seeking information from peers or the teacher, asking and responding to questions, making requests, and asking for and providing clarification

  Elaborations

  • using modelled structures in simple and compound sentences, and cohesive devices such as だから, でも to state opinions, make suggestions or provide clarification
  • asking and responding to questions such as テストはいつですか。 きょうゲームをしますか。 ロッカーに行ってもいいですか。何(なん)ページですか。
  • participating in class activities such as word, board or digital games, using phrases such as わたしの　ばん、みぎ、ひだり、ざんねん、つぎは　だれ?
  • obtaining additional information from the teacher and peers by requesting repetition or clarification or by asking how to say something in Japanese, for example, 日本語(にほんご)で何(なん)ですか。
  • expressing their responses to learning and using Japanese, such as by detailing preferences, likes and dislikes in relation to aspects of the experience, for example, かんじはむずかしいですが、おもしろいです。
  • enquiring about and describing the location of classroom items and materials using prepositions, for example, ワークシートはどこにありますか。テーブルのうえにあります。

  VCJAC165 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCJAU179

  Understand that the Japanese language has evolved and developed through different periods of influence and change

  Elaborations

  • recognising words ‘borrowed’ by Japanese from other languages such as English, French or Portuguese, for example, パン、ズボン、and noting how these words are pronounced by Japanese speakers
  • recognising that all languages carry histories of contact with other cultures, such as the adoption of kanji from Chinese into Japanese
  • understanding that languages and cultures change continuously due to contact with one another and in response to new needs, ideas and developments in communications, design and technology; and considering why some types of words and expressions are most frequently borrowed, such as グローバル、パワーアップ、カラー
  • identifying words that have similar meanings and pronunciation across different languages, reflecting on the origins and associated cultures of such words, and how they came to be part of Japanese and other languages, for example, パスタ、エネルギー
  • discussing reasons for changes in the Japanese language, such as globalisation, exposure to other languages and cultures through media, travel, and digital communication forms and representations

  VCJAU179 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCJAU017

  Understand that the Japanese language both influences and is influenced by other languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • recognising words of Japanese origin used in English, for example, ‘judo’, ‘karaoke’, ‘karate’, ‘obento’, ‘sushi’
  • recognising the use of words ‘borrowed’ by Japanese from other languages such as English, French or Portuguese, for example, サッカー、 ゴルフ、 パン、 and noting how these are pronounced by Japanese speakers
  • understanding that languages and cultures change continuously due to contact with one another and in response to new needs, ideas and developments in communications and technology, and considering why some types of words and expressions are more frequently borrowed, such as ラップトップ、 ダウンロード、 チャット
  • identifying words that have similar meanings and pronunciation across different languages, and reflecting on the possible origins of such words and their associated cultures
  • understanding that there are Japanese-speaking communities outside Japan, for example, in the United States, in particular Hawaii, and South America, and that Japanese is widely taught in many countries around the world and within the Asia-Pacific region, including Australia
  • understanding that all languages change, that some are constantly growing and expanding and that others are disappearing or being revived, as in the case of many indigenous languages

  VCJAU017 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCJAU176

  Understand how to control elements of the Japanese grammatical system to express a range of ideas and experiences in written and spoken forms, and recognise the systematic nature of verb conjugation

  Elaborations

  • further developing metalanguage to describe and increase control of grammatical concepts and language elements, such as noun modifiers or speech styles
  • creating learning resources such as verb and adjective charts and lists of vocabulary and sentence structures
  • understanding the different functions of a range of particles, such as:
    • が (topic marker)
    • を (object marker)
    • に (time, date, place, destination, for)
    • と (and, with)
    • で (location, action, means)
    • へ (direction, destination)
    • ～から ～まで (from,～as far as, distances)
  • describing daily routines and schedules for a week, using a range of particles to form sentences, for example, 六時(ろくじ)に　うちで　兄(あに)と　ごはんを　食(た)べます。
  • using い and な adjectives in the present tense, for example, おいしい、たのしい、しずかな、 and negative forms, for example, 高(たか)くない
  • using adverbs as formulaic expressions, for example, 早(はや)く、おそく
  • understanding that the exact word order of noun phrases is not important as long as they appear before the verb and are accompanied by correct particles
  • understanding the role of sentence-ending particles in conversation, such as ね for confirming or expecting a response and よ for emphasis
  • using both affirmative and negative forms of particular grammatical elements in different tenses
  • creating cohesion and flow by using conjunctions, for example, だから、それで、それに
  • understanding how to indicate politeness using ご and お prefixes, for example, お名(な)前(まえ)、先生の　ごかぞく
  • using counter classifiers: ～時、～分、～つ、～まい、～本
  • using superlatives, for example, 一ばん　好きです

  VCJAU176 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language