Search results

Result list

• VCIDC061

  Participate in intercultural interactions with peers, comparing aspects of culture, monitoring how own culture impacts on language use and how this may enhance or inhibit understanding

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with Indonesian gestures and body language, and considering which will or will not be incorporated into own interactions, for example, not putting hands on hips, use of ‘soft’ handshakes, pointing with the thumb, beckoning downwards, not always queuing
  • noticing the use of Indonesian expressions such as fillers (anu) and exclamations (Aduh!, Astaga!) and deciding whether or not to adopt them in own language use
  • making language choices with awareness of how these might be interpreted by Indonesian speakers, for example, using Pak not kamu when communicating with an older male to show respect, or seldom using terima kasih
  • recognising how others’ perceptions will influence the language used in an interaction, for example, being a ‘foreigner’ means language is often slowed and Bahasa baku is used, and people may invite them to their home or ask to correspond with them
  • reflecting on how own cultural etiquette and behaviour may be interpreted when interacting with Indonesians, for example, noticing own body language and modifying gestures such as pointing, shouting, laughing with mouth open
  • developing language for monitoring, describing and reflecting on using Indonesian in intercultural experiences such as in journals, portfolios, blogs and correspondence, for example, Saya merasa bingung karena belum tahu kata itu…; Saya kaget karena dia tidak setuju…; Dia tertawa waktu saya…

  VCIDC061 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCLVC183

  Consider and discuss their own and each other’s ways of communicating and expressing identity, reflecting on how the language links the local, regional and national identity of its speakers with the land

  Elaborations

  • considering how their own biography, including elements such as family origins, traditions, beliefs, practices, interests and experiences, shapes their sense of identity and ways of communicating
  • describing kinship connections with the surrounding Country/Place or connections of a respected community member or guest speaker
  • creating spoken, written or multimodal texts, such as identity maps, timelines, digital presentations or family trees with captions, to mark key milestones and significant influences in their lives, for example, key people, events, educational experiences, community affiliations, traditions or travel experiences, considering how these shape identity
  • comparing and reflecting on how identity is expressed across languages and cultures, for example, by considering the idea of ‘belonging’ as expressed in different languages
  • discussing the role that language and culture play in the identity and well-being of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
  • investigating how particular policies and practices affect the sense of identity of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, for example, the effect of language loss, separation from Country/Place/family/community
  • reflecting on how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples from different nations express their group identity, for example, through practices and symbols such as flags, Welcomes to Country, Indigenous rounds in sporting leagues
  • reflecting on how their own biography, including family origins, traditions, beliefs, practices, interests and experiences, shapes their sense of identity and ways of communicating
  • discussing the link between identity and connections to land/water/sea/sky, culture and language and the health and well-being of individuals and community
  • reflecting on how the language links the local, regional and national identity of its speakers with the land, water, sea and sky

  VCLVC183 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Communicating | Identity

• VCTRU066

  Understand the nature of regional and national variations in language use and that language varies according to context, mode of delivery and relationship between participants

  Elaborations

  • recognising the diversity of Turkish speakers around the world and of regional and national variations that involve accents, dialects and vocabulary, for example, the word geliyorum is gelirem (Azerbaijan), gelikene (Western Thrace), celiyrum/geliyem/geliyom (Black Sea/South East Anatolian Region/North Cyprus)
  • recognising features of language used in different texts which identify the purpose for which it is intended and the audience it is aimed at, for example, beğenmiyorum, hiç beğenmedim, bana yaramaz, iğrenç bir şey!
  • explaining differences in style and register between different texts, for example, futbol maçındaki tezahürat: En büyük Fener başka büyük yok! Şampiyon Galatasaray! Beşiktaş sen çok yaşa! compared to Okul karnesi: Murat bütün ödevlerini zamanında tamamladı, Değerli misafirler, bugünkü toplantımızda gençlerimizin sorunları hakkında konuşacağız
  • analysing samples of language from different media texts, for example, haber programları, çocuk ve gençlik programları and Türk dizileri, to demonstrate the influence of factors such as age, gender, social position and regional variation on language use and text composition
  • collecting and comparing language samples that show how people vary their language based on their relationships with others, different situations, social status and ethnic background, for example, language used by teachers and students at school, politicians’ speeches
  • analysing how Turkish proverbs and idioms are used differently in different text types and modes of delivery, for example, fıkralar, hikayeler, mektuplar or resmi konuşmalar
  • noticing variations in language use according to context and relationship, for example, by identifying differences in exchanges in English, such as ‘apologies for any convenience caused’, ‘not at all’, ‘sorry mate’, ‘no worries’ and Turkish, Kusurumuza bakmayın lütfen, Çok özür dilerim anneciğim, Rica ederim, Lafı mı olur? Ne olur affedin beni! Sürç-i lisan ettiysek affola! Yemin ederim

  VCTRU066 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCVIU169

  Understand and use elements of Vietnamese grammar to organise and elaborate on ideas and opinions, such as direct/indirect speech and verbs to express modality

  Elaborations

  • differentiating interrogative forms with tag questions and using them according to context, for example, Em thích ăn cơm chiên không? (a yes/no question to discover whether the other person likes fried rice) and Em thích ăn cơm chiên phải không? (a tag question to confirm that the other person likes fried rice)
  • recognising differences in Vietnamese and English responses to negative tag questions to avoid misinterpretation, for example, in Vietnamese the response to the question Em chưa làm bài tập về nhà phải không? (‘You haven’t done your homework, have you?’) would be Dạ phải. Em chưa làm (‘YES, I haven’t’), while in English it would be ‘NO, I haven’t’
  • recognising the purpose and effect of exclamatory sentences as opposed to statements, for example, the statement Hôm nay Lan đi học sớm simply states that Lan came to school early today, while the exclamatory sentence Hôm nay Lan đi học sớm thế/vậy! may suggest surprise or irony
  • constructing a range of sentences in affirmative, negative, interrogative and imperative forms for different purposes
  • understanding the use of được and bị for positive and negative meaning, for example, Em được điểm tốt. Em được thầy cô khen. Em bị bệnh. Em bị ba mẹ la
  • understanding and using verbs to express modality such as nên (‘should’), cần (‘need to’) and phải (‘must’), for example, Các em nên chăm học. Chúng ta cần không khí để thở, thức ăn để ăn và nhà để ở. Học sinh phải mặc đồng phục khi đi học
  • using direct speech, for example, Ba mẹ nói với tôi: ‘Con nên chăm học’, and indirect speech, for example, Ba mẹ bảo tôi nên chăm học, to relate ideas, opinions, actions and events
  • using a range of expressions for indefinite quantities, for example, hàng ngàn, triệu triệu, vô số, hàng hà sa số, biết bao nhiêu là …
  • exploring homonyms encountered in texts, for example, bò (‘cow’ or ‘to crawl’), ăn (‘eat’ or ‘win’), đỗ/đậu (‘pass the exam’ or ‘bean’), bàn (‘table’ or ‘discuss’), lợi (‘benefit’ or ‘gum’), đen (‘black’ or ‘unlucky’)
  • recognising the features of alliteration in Vietnamese, for example, vui vẻ, mát mẻ, lanh lợi, and using them in own spoken and written texts
  • explaining to peers the meaning of common idioms and proverbs, for example, tiền rừng bạc biển, mò kim đáy biển<; đói cho sạch, rách cho thơm

  VCVIU169 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHC193

  Interact with peers and familiar adults, exchanging opinions and feelings and establishing friendships

  Elaborations

  • exchanging greetings with peers and familiar adults, choosing the appropriate greeting to suit age or position (for example, 您好，老师好) or time of day, for example, 你早，晚安
  • responding to invitations to participate in personal celebrations, including accepting and declining in appropriate ways, for example, 谢谢你的邀请，祝你生日快乐。但是我星期日要…对不起，不能参加你的聚会。希望你玩得高兴
  • sharing personal ideas and opinions on experiences such as home life and routine, school and education, diet and food, travel and leisure, climate and weather, expressing opinions and preferences, and stating reasons to elaborate the message, for example, 我不太喜欢…、我觉得…因为
  • exchanging information and opinions in class dialogue, responding to questions (for example, 你喜欢运动吗？), expressing agreement or disagreement with others’ opinions (for example, 对，我也很喜欢运动。) and ensuring that other participants are included in interaction, for example, 我去过法国，你呢？
  • comparing own experiences to the lives of young people in other Chinese-speaking communities, for example, 我觉得 7:30上学太早。 我不坐地铁上学，我坐公共汽车上学
  • using set phrases to greet, thank, apologise, and ask permission from peers and teacher, for example, 我可以上厕所吗？；谢谢；对不起
  • following teacher’s instructions such as 站起来 or 我们看书 and restating teacher’s instructions to peers when needed (for example, 老师说我们...再…); responding to teacher’s questions with actions or answers, for example, 懂了吗？
  • responding to teacher’s praise (for example, 非常好， 太棒了) or suggestions, for example, 明天做，今天休息
  • participating in a shared blog and exchanging personal information such as name, age, school, year level and nationality with readers from a sister school, for example, 你好，我叫 Ann, 我是澳大利亚的学生
  • responding to correspondence, such as letters from pen pals, including by answering questions, clarifying meaning (for example, 你说你想来澳大利亚， 是吗？), seeking further information (for example, 你想一月来吗？) and addressing requests, for example, 澳大利亚一月是夏天，很热
  • maintaining contact with classmates and recording events in everyday life by keeping a weekly or daily online journal or blog, recording highlights of school or home life and leisure activity (for example, 今天我的足球队又输了，真没劲！ ) or a holiday experience, for example, 袋鼠岛游记
  • composing messages in an appropriate format for text messages, emails and letters, and using appropriate terms of address, for example, 敬爱的王老师 (for a formal letter) or 嘿，小王，最近好吗 (for a casual letter or message)

  VCZHC193 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCHIC098

  Translate and interpret short texts such as public signs, proverbs or menus from Hindi to English and vice versa, noticing which words or phrases translate easily and which do not

  Elaborations

  • translating short community texts such as public signs, menu items or public announcements from Hindi to English and vice versa, comparing choices they each made to arrive at the closest equivalent meaning
  • translating and explaining proverbs or colloquial expressions used in their families, for example, दूर के ढोल सुहावने; पेट में चूहे दौड़ रहे हैं, discussing how they would explain them to non-Hindi speaking friends
  • translating short media texts such as appeals or slogans from Hindi to English or vice versa, noticing how the two languages convey meaning in similar or different ways, for example, by using imperative verb moods or emotive language: ‘Never refuse to re-use!’; ‘Don’t be trashy - recycle!’; सारी धरती की यह पुकार, पर्यावरण का करो सुधार
  • translating excerpts from traditional fables and legends, identifying words and expressions that reference cultural values, history and beliefs and are difficult to translate into English
  • evaluating the effectiveness of print and digital dictionaries and electronic translators, for example, by comparing each other’s translations of a text, back-translating or swapping references, considering issues such as alternative or multiple meanings of words and the importance of context to meaning
  • considering the significance of naming practices in Hindi, for example, by translating popular names such as पवन, माला, दीपक, आशा, comparing with naming practices in Australian English
  • classifying commonly used informal expressions in Hindi, including colloquialisms and proverbs, into those that are easily understood when translated into English and those that require interpretation and explanation

  VCHIC098 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCIDC095

  Interact with Indonesian peers and texts, noticing what and how language is being used, and considering own reactions and how these relate to own language and culture

  Elaborations

  • participating in intercultural experiences, including viewing (online) videos or television programs, noticing what is confusing, surprising or ‘strange’, for example, use of left hand for ‘unclean’ tasks, ‘soft’ handshake, how to say ‘please’
  • corresponding with peers in Indonesia, such as through email, shared digital spaces or video, comparing topics of interest, language choices and expressions
  • observing interactions between Indonesian speakers, noticing similarities and differences in politeness and etiquette, for example, use of permisi dulu; mandi dulu; mari; minta maaf
  • recording features of language use, such as by keeping a journal about how language reflects cultural concepts and values, for example, bersama, kita (to show community); jam karet (showing fluidity of time); elision of pronouns (not foregrounding self; Mau ikut?, Mau ke mana?); and use of gender-neutral terms (dia, pacar)
  • developing a language for describing personal reactions to and feelings about intercultural experiences, for example, suka/kurang suka/tidak suka, heran, bingung, benci, ikut/tidak ikut, sopan/tidak sopan

  VCIDC095 | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCJAC004

  Locate key points of information in a range of texts and resources and use the information in new ways

  Elaborations

  • identifying key information such as names of people and places, times and activities in familiar types of texts such as conversations, profiles, emails and announcements
  • gathering, classifying and summarising results of class surveys on topics such as students’ likes and interests, family, neighbourhood, activities or habits, and presenting findings to others, for example, ひるごはんに 何(なに)を　食(た)べますか。日(にち)よう日(び)に　何(なに)を　しますか。しゅうまつに　どこに　行(い)きますか。
  • listening to and reading texts and reorganising information to present in new ways, for example, by sequencing activities chronologically by completing a timetable or timeline, chart, table or itinerary
  • reading, listening to and viewing texts such as video clips, brochures, websites, menus, labels and packaging to obtain information about aspects of Japanese culture, for example, daily routines, food, writing systems, significant places or geography
  • locating, interpreting, classifying and listing factual information from modified texts such as notices, timetables, announcements, advertisements or signs
  • identifying cultural values reflected in a range of texts, such as the use of symbols, signs or images in advertising
    

  VCJAC004 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCJAU180

  Understand that Japanese language and culture, like all languages and cultures, are interrelated, both shaping and reflecting each other

  Elaborations

  • explaining language associated with familiar routines that reflects cultural values, for example, きりつ、れい and しつれいします。
  • interpreting the significance of differences in family kinship terms when referring to one’s own or others’ family, for example, 父(ちち)/お父(とう)さん、あね/おねえさん
  • reflecting on the cultural significance of the presentation of information in simple Japanese texts, for example, じこしょうかい, how the ordering of information on business cards (company, title, surname, given name) reflects the relative importance of company/collective, family and individual status
  • explaining language used in Japanese interactions that reflects humility or deference, for example, expressions used to refuse or deflect praise of self or family, or to defer to others
  • considering how and why Japanese speakers use conversational strategies to avoid conflict, such as using indirect or softened language, for example, もうすこし　がんばりましょう。
  • comparing core cultural concepts reflected in Japanese language, such as 和(わ) (‘harmony’), with similarly significant cultural concepts reflected in some Australian terms or expressions, for example, mateship

  VCJAU180 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCTRC093

  Translate and interpret familiar texts such as public signs, song titles or menus from Turkish to English and vice versa, noticing which words or phrases translate easily and which do not

  Elaborations

  • translating public signs and notices, comparing each other’s versions and considering reasons for differences in how they transferred meaning from one language to the other
  • recognising when literal translation is not possible and discussing reasons for equivalence or non-equivalence in the case of idiomatic expressions such as samanlıkta iğne aramak, kulak misafiri olmak, davulun sesi uzaktan hoş gelir, armut dalının dibine düşer
  • identifying and translating words and expressions that reference cultural values or histories and are difficult to translate into English, for example, başınız sağ olsun, sıhhatler olsun, imece, hayırlı olsun, nazar değmesin
  • evaluating the effectiveness of bilingual dictionaries and electronic translation tools, identifying issues such as alternative or multiple meanings of words and the importance of context to meaning
  • translating and interpreting familiar social interactions, such as emails, phone conversations or greetings on special occasions, noticing similarities and differences between Turkish and English language versions
  • interpreting words and expressions from popular Turkish language poems or song titles/lyrics that do not translate easily into English and that reflect aspects of Turkish culture
  • examining literal translations of everyday interactions in different domains of language use, such as school, home or special interest activities, identifying culturally significant concepts reflected in expressions such as ellerinize sağlık, afiyet olsun, used after meals, yine bekleriz, in a restaurant, or in language used for apologising or excusing, kusura bakma, yazıklar olsun

  VCTRC093 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCARC008

  Translate and interpret short spoken and written texts, such as dialogues, speeches, labels, signs and messages, from Arabic into English and vice versa, using contextual cues and textual features, and recognising aspects that are similar or different in each language

  Elaborations

  • demonstrating and explaining hand gestures and facial expressions that can be used without language to convey meaning
  • using a picture or digital dictionary to find the meanings of words and expressions used in class, comparing English and Arabic versions of each word
  • comparing Arabic expressions used in everyday interactions such as greetings with equivalent English expressions, identifying differences and similarities that reflect cultural associations or nuances, for example,

    مرحبا؛ كيف حالك؟ السلام عليكم؛ سلام ونعمة؛ صباح الخير؛ صباح النور

  • interpreting Arabic expressions in dialogues and speeches and discussing how these expressions reflect aspects of Arabic language and culture, for example,

    لا؛ حقاً؟ يا إلهي! كلامك عجيب! لا لا قل لي الحقيقة؛ صدقني يا سامي!؛ مع السلامة؛ الله معك؛ الرب معك

  • translating texts such as labels, public signs and messages from Arabic into English and vice versa to identify differences in elements of language structure and vocabulary use, for example, ‘no parking’, ‘no dogs’, ‘no-smoking zone’, ‘insert card’
  • creating Arabic versions of school signs, notices, timetables and class rules, and considering why some words and expressions require flexibility in translation, for example, ‘the oval’, ‘the office’, ‘the canteen’, ‘out of bounds’, ‘no hat, no play’

  VCARC008 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCARU014

  Identify the structure and textual features of a range of personal, informative and imaginative texts, and recognise how these contribute to meaning

  Elaborations

  • understanding that texts in Arabic can be short or long, spoken, written, digital, visual or multimodal, for example, labels, stories, signs, songs and captions
  • understanding that texts have a purpose, for example, train timetables indicate the time the train arrives or departs the station, recounts describe past events and experiences, greeting cards convey feelings, and labels tell us information about an item
  • recognising how elements of texts such as the title, layout and the size of the script all combine to make meaning
  • identifying and comparing the features of different types of texts, observing similar patterns and identifying differences, for example, the opening and the signature of an email and a letter, a description in a recount and in a diary entry
  • identifying the purpose, context and audience of a range of familiar texts, for example, songs, poems, short plays and video clips
  • comparing texts on a common topic, for example, a print report, a television report and an internet announcement about an accident, and discussing how features of texts assist in making meaning
  • describing key features of different types of texts and discussing audience and purpose, for example, a shopping list serves as a reminder to self to purchase particular items, while a permission note seeks permission to do or have something
  • analysing how different types of texts in Arabic create specific effects through the use of different language features, for example, the use of superlatives in advertisements designed to persuade, or the use of repetition for emphasis in speeches

  VCARU014 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFC221

  Present and explain factual information about a range of topics of interest

  Elaborations

  • describing in the correct sequence home and school routines such as weekend activities or their school timetable
  • reporting to the class about a shared school event, such as Deaf Sports Day or a school camp
  • creating signed texts to explain a hobby or interest, using visual supports such as photos or props
  • presenting descriptions of items of school equipment such as those used in woodwork, science or sports, and giving simple signed explanations of how they work
  • instructing the class in a procedural text such as a simple recipe or instruction guide, using list buoys
  • sharing selected points of information from their home or local community, such as family traditions or cultural events, conveying key points of information from visual infographics or diagrams
  • working in groups to create an informative video or display about their school
  • assembling an information pack about their school to support newly arrived deaf students, including a signed glossary of key people and places and simple directions to navigate the school
  • explaining a favourite game that can be played in Auslan or English, highlighting key Auslan terms and supporting information with pictures, gestures and demonstrations

  VCASFC221 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCASFU231

  Recognise similarities and differences in language features of different types of texts and in Auslan and English texts of a similar type, and notice how texts build cohesion

  Elaborations

  • recognising that texts are made up of one or more clauses, which have one or more signs in them, which together make meaning
  • comparing a short text in Auslan with an equivalent type of English text (for example, a recount in both languages) and noticing similarities and differences in structure and language features
  • examining different examples of an Auslan text on the same topic, or telling the same story, and identifying different choices signers made in the production of the text, for example the amount of fingerspelling or CA they used
  • analysing linguistic structures and features associated with more dynamic texts, such as back-channels and hesitations used in casual conversations
  • identifying examples of signers pointing to an established location to refer to a non-present referent
  • identifying how signers use space to make clear the actor or undergoer of a verb through a text, for example by pointing back to an established location to refer to a noun referent
  • identifying the many ways signers can refer to the same referent in a text, for example by using DSs, points or list buoys, and how such strategies help maintain interest and support understanding

  VCASFU231 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFU230

  Recognise and use elements of clause structure, such as noun groups/phrases or verb groups/phrases and using conjunctions to join clauses

  Elaborations

  • categorising noun signs into those for people, animals, places or things
  • learning that proper nouns can have a sign name or be fingerspelled
  • recognising different nouns in clauses, including those that are shown with a pointing sign, such as GIRL READ versus PRO3 READ, or VISIT FRIEND versus VISIT PRO3
  • knowing that adjectives describe nouns in different ways, such as how they look (BIG or RED), feel (SOFT or HOT), smell (SMELLY) or sound (LOUD)
  • recognising that a noun group is a group of signs that relate to a person, place or thing that can include elements such as adjectives or numbers
  • recognising that expanding a noun into a noun group enriches meaning
  • identifying verb signs (SIT, EAT, FEEL, WONDER, HAVE) and recognising that they are central to a clause
  • noticing there is no verb ‘to be’ in Auslan, which is a significant difference to English
  • exploring different semantic types of verbs in a text, for example by showing how:
    • doing (WALK, WRITE) and saying (TELL, CALL-OUT, ANNOUNCE) verbs in narrative texts give information about a characters’ actions
    • sensing (SEE, THINK) or possessing (THAT’S-TYPICAL-OF-THEM, OWN) verbs indicate what characters think, feel or own
  • relating verbs identify or describe a noun (for example, HAVE in PRO3 HAVE LONG-HAIR)
  • noticing that some signs modify the meaning of verbs, such as READ CAREFUL and that these are called adverbs
  • contributing examples of signs that tell:
    • when a verb happens (IN-2-WEEKS PRO1 HOLIDAY or WANT LUNCH NOW)
    • where a verb happens (PRO3 RUN FAR or COME HERE)
    • how a verb happens (FAST or SLOW or PRO2 QUICK FINISH)
  • noticing that sometimes Auslan signers have information about how a verb happens through NMFs not separate signs (for example, WRITE-_carelessly)
  • recognising that a verb group is a group of words built up around a verb that may include adverbs which modify the meaning of verbs and that adverbs and DSs can enrich a verb group
  • understanding that a clause is one or more signs expressing a single idea and that a clause has at least one verb, but often one or more nouns as well, for example:
    CALL-_him
    I called him.
    MAN THERE GO-TO POSS3 HOUSE
    That man went to his house.
    BIG MONSTER SCREAM
    A big monster screamed.
    
  • noticing that while word order in sentences is often important for meaning, there is flexibility in word order in Auslan and that because parts of a sentence can be signed simultaneously in Auslan, it is hard to establish word order
  • distinguishing between yes/no questions, wh- questions and statements and their corresponding NMFs

  VCASFU230 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCDEC008

  Translate and interpret texts such as greetings, signs, emails and conversations, from German to English and vice versa, noticing similarities and differences

  Elaborations

  • translating short personal texts, identifying words and phrases that can be translated literally and those that cannot, for example, Guten Appetit! Guten Tag! Ohrwurm
  • using German–English cognates to predict meaning, for example, Brot/‘bread’, kalt/‘cold’, trinken/‘to drink’
  • recognising compound words, and collecting and analysing interesting examples (der Schulsport, die Realschule, babyleicht), noting that compound nouns take the gender of the last noun in the compound
  • translating public signs from German to English and vice versa, noticing similarities and differences
  • interpreting for and explaining to peers and family members aspects of German language and culture (in texts such as emails and conversations) that are interesting and/or different, for example, that when addressing teachers in German you use family names after the titles Frau and Herr, unlike the English use of just ‘Miss’ or ‘Sir’

  VCDEC008 | Languages | German | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCESC170

  Translate and interpret a range of texts, compare own version with others’ and discuss reasons for any variations

  Elaborations

  • comparing own translation of a text with classmates’, commenting on differences and similarities between versions, considering possible reasons for these, and preparing a collaborative online whole-class version
  • commenting on representations of community cultural events such as Festival de Cine Mexicano, celebraciones de la vida de personajes del mundo hispanohablante en Australia, such as Monseñor Oscar Arnulfo Romero de El Salvador, explaining particular language or images in terms of cultural associations
  • translating different types of short messages or communications (Mañana voy a estrenar mi vestido, ¿Te gustó la sobremesa? No me tomes el pelo, It costs an arm and a leg, This job is a piece of cake ), reflecting on challenges associated with transferring meaning from one language to another
  • assisting a visiting Spanish speaker to communicate with an audience of school students and staff who have not studied Spanish, by explaining and interpreting aspects of their language and/or culture
  • selecting and explaining individual words or phrases in Spanish whose meaning can be affected by context, for example, Tengo una pila de cosas para hacer. La pila del celular se ha acabado

  VCESC170 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCESU177

  Examine how elements of communication, including gestures, facial expressions and use of silence, vary according to context, situation and relationships across languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • identifying variations in linguistic and cultural requirements of specific situations across different contexts, for example, situations such as shopping or travelling in various Spanish-speaking countries
  • identifying and comparing features of spoken and written language (such as gestures, greetings and facial expressions; or headings, text structure and grammatical choices) that reflect the purpose for which they are used, and discussing how silence can be used effectively as an element of communication
  • identifying and comparing how emotions or attitudes such as embarrassment or respect are shown across different languages and cultures
  • comparing elements of communication such as body language and use of personal space and silence in different cultural contexts and exchanges
  • identifying levels of formality in spoken and written texts, and considering what these reveal about social relationships and processes, for example, reflections of status, authority, respect or intimacy (Disculpe, ¿podría decirme ..., Perdone que le interrumpa, ... Me gustaría invitarte a mi boda, eres el amor de mi vida,...)

  VCESU177 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCGRCU007

  Understand the phonological and orthographic systems of Classical Greek, including the restored pronunciation and the written alphabet

  Elaborations

  • learning the Greek alphabet in lower and upper case, including final sigma, matching script to sound, for example, δ = d, γ = g, θ = th
  • recognising the use of the upper case in Classical Greek to distinguish proper nouns
  • mimicking or copying restored pronunciation of Classical Greek words, individually or with peers
  • writing simple sentences in Classical Greek to consolidate knowledge of script
  • recognising and representing diphthongs, double consonants and aspirated consonants, for example, αι, γγ, ψ, ξ, θ, χ, φ
  • recognising and using diacritical marks to show aspiration and iota subscript, for example, ἡ ὁδός, τῇ ὁδῷ
  • learning the standard system of transliteration of Greek into English letters, for example, δ = d, χ = ch, αι = ae
  • recognising that punctuation in Classical Greek can be different from English, for example, the use of the semicolon as the question mark in Classical Greek

  VCGRCU007 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIU069

  Explore how language use varies according to context, purpose, audience and mode of delivery

  Elaborations

  • comparing and explaining the use of different styles of communication in different contexts, such as respectful, devotional or colloquial forms of expression आपकी यात्रा मंगलमय हो,सब ठीक-ठाक है?
  • identifying differences in features and register between spoken and written language, for example, in apologies, invitations or narratives कल मेरे घर आना, कल हमारे घर पधारिए/दर्शन दीजिए
  • comparing language and textual features used when communicating with different age groups, for example, amusing rhymes and terms of affection for small children, devotional texts for religious expression
  • identifying variations in language use between people of different ages, gender or status, for example, ways of showing authority or expressing humility
  • understanding that facial expressions, gestures and body language are key elements of communication and that they can be interpreted differently by different people
  • explaining variations in style, content and register of different expressions of wishes for a particular event or occasion such as Diwali, for example, हर घर में हो उजाला, आए न कभी रात काली हर घर मनाए ख़ुशियाँ, हर घर में हो दिवाली compared to an sms message such as शुभ दिवाली

  VCHIU069 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change