VCLAU023
Understand concepts of accidence and syntax used in complex Latin sentences, including subordinate clauses, non-finite verb forms, pronoun forms, mood, voice, and conventions of complex sentence structure
Elaborations
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identifying the endings of fourth and fifth declension nouns, for example, exercitus, cornua; dies, fides
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acknowledging that nouns may have unexpected genders, for example, first declension agricola (m), second declension pirus (f)
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recognising relative, emphatic and indefinite pronouns, for example, qui, quae, quod; ipse; quisquis; quidam
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recognising reflexive pronouns and adjectives, for example, se; suus
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analysing case usage of nouns in all five declensions, for example, partitive genitive quid novi?
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identifying and understanding the use of the locative case, for example, Romae, Pompeiis
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identifying and understanding words used in apposition in all cases, for example, Venus, dea, est pulchra
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explaining case usage of pronouns, for example, personal ego, tu, nos, vos; demonstrative hic, ille; interrogative quis, quis, quid; relative qui, quae, quod; emphatic ipse, ipsa, ipsum; reflexive me, te, nos, vos, se
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distinguishing the use of different moods
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extending identification of indicative endings of regular and irregular verbs to different tenses
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understanding the concept of the principal parts for verbs in all conjugations, for example, voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatum; sum, esse, fui
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identifying and understanding the use of infinitives for all four conjugations and irregular verbs, for example, a prolative infinitive with amat, such as natare amat
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recognising impersonal expressions, for example, mihi difficile est dormire
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understanding the use of present, future and perfect participles, for example, clamans, moriturus, vocatus
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recognising passive voice forms and the forms of deponent verbs and distinguishing their meanings, for example, laudata est – she has been praised; collapsa est – she collapsed
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distinguishing in complex sentences between principal and subordinate clauses, for example, relative, causal, temporal, concessive, conditional, such as si/nisi with the indicative
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recognising comparison of adjectives and adverbs, regular and irregular, for example, stulta, stultior, stultissima; malus, peior, pessimus
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recognising quam + superlative, for example, quam celerrime
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understanding conventions of the use of numbers to express distance, capacity, time and price, for example, duo milia passuum, quinquaginta denariis
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understanding the conventions of the Roman calendar, for example, a.d. XIV Kal Jul
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recognising creative variations in Latin word order, for example, delay of a key word or clause to create suspense, ordering of clauses to increase impact, bracketing/nesting, juxtaposition
VCLAU023 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language