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• VCELU135

  Understand that languages change over time and that they influence each other, recognising words in English that are derived from Greek and words in Greek that are derived from other languages

  Elaborations

  • recognising that the language used by the Ancient Greeks has developed into the Modern Greek language and that the Greek language has influenced many languages including English
  • understanding that there is the standard language called ‘Modern Greek’ as well as a number of different dialects spoken throughout Greece and the Greek diaspora
  • noticing that languages are fluid and ever-evolving and can be incorporated into and influence other languages beyond their own (for example, Ancient Greek has influenced and still influences many languages of the world)
  • viewing inscriptions on Ancient Greek tombstones (for example, from Vergina), coins (for example, from from Alexander the Great or King Philip’s reign) and vases (for example, from the Hellenistic era)
  • recognising that some words in Greek are borrowed from other languages, for example, πάρτυ, χόμπυ, μπάσκετ, κομπιούτερ
  • examining the etymology of everyday words in English which are derived from Greek morphemes/words or from Greek myths (for example, aeroplane, Ajax, history, mathematics, Nike, school, story) and discussing the extent to which this has occurred

  VCELU135 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCELU033

  Understand how the Greek language has evolved, and how it continues to change over time due to processes such as globalisation, migration, and the influence of technology and popular culture

  Elaborations

  • exploring how the Greek language has been influenced by migration, for example, the use of non-Greek words such as τα μπίλια instead of οι λογαριασμοί as an Australian phenomenon
  • examining how technology has influenced the Greek language, for example, σκανάρω, το μπλογκ, σερφάρω
  • discussing how changes to the Greek language reflect changes in some cultural practices and attitudes, for example, το έτοιμο φαγητό
  • exploring the impact of globalisation on Greek language use, such as the increased use of English words, such as blog, computer, mobile/cell phone, parking

  VCELU033 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCELU183

  Understand and apply grammatical structures, such as passive and active voice, negation, word order and time clauses, recognising that they serve particular functions and that grammatical choices shape meaning

  Elaborations

  • choosing appropriate terms to describe events across time (present, past and future) and choosing appropriate tense, for example, Φέτος θα πάω διακοπές στην Κύπρο, Πέρσι γύρισα όλη την Έλλαδα
  • recognising the order of pronouns to emphasise who is carrying out an action or to refer to a person or thing, and applying agreement in gender and number to identify subject and object, for example, Κανείς δεν είναι τέλειος, Μου αρέσουν αυτοί που λένε την αλήθεια
  • using a range of adverbs and adjectives to modify and intensify meaning of verbs and adjectives, for example, ακριβώς, αρκετά, πολύ, λίγο, πολλή
  • using cohesive devices such as conjunctions to link, clarify and sequence ideas and modify meaning in written and spoken texts, for example, Αφού δεν είχα αρκετά λεφτά, γύρισα σπίτι μου, γιατί, επειδή, αλλά, και, τότε
  • responding to and using imperative mood, for example, ελάτε, γράψε
  • using a range of nouns and adjectives and possessive forms, for example, μου/μας/σου/του/της/τους, δικό τους, δικά μας
  • seeking information using a range of questions, for example, Tι; Mήπως ξέρεις; Πώς; Πού; Γιατί; Πότε;
  • continuing to build a metalanguage to describe grammatical concepts and develop learning resources, for example, verb charts, vocabulary lists, groups of pronouns, adverbs or adjectives

  VCELU183 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELC007

  Create or represent and perform own imagined scenarios, characters and events, using stimulus materials and modelled language

  Elaborations

  • creating own versions of familiar texts, such as greeting cards for imaginary special occasions or board games, for example, Greek version of Scrabble
  • creating and telling a story from a stimulus, such as a photograph, using speech bubbles, voice recordings or captions to accompany visuals, using digital technologies
  • creating and performing a short play or video clip to share with and entertain others, for example, a rap or role-play on Grandparents’ Day or Open Day for younger students
  • composing and participating in imaginary interactions, for example, a conversation between avatars or meeting a character from a Greek story or film for the first time

  VCELC007 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCELU134

  Understand that the context and purpose of interactions influence language choices

  Elaborations

  • recognising the differences between formal and informal language in social interactions, for example, Γεια σου φίλε, Γεια σας κύριε, and how Greek people use body language when communicating, which varies according to relationships
  • examining culturally appropriate phrases for different times of the day and for different purposes, for example, καλή εβδομάδα, καλό μήνα, καλό καλοκαίρι, καλό απόγευμα, καλό μεσημέρι, χρόνια πολλά, καλές γιορτές, καλή όρεξη, and considering phrases used in English in similar contexts
  • understanding how differences in gestures, register and tone are used to change meaning of speech, for example, Είσαι καλά; or Τι κάνεις; can have multiple meanings
  • identifying how emphasis on words can change meaning, for example έλα has many meanings depending on how it is said and used, Έλα εδώ, Έλα τώρα!, Έλα Άννα (στο τηλέφωνο)
  • recognising how the purpose of interaction, for example, command or invitation, can change the emphasis on words

  VCELU134 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCELU030

  Develop knowledge of vocabulary and sentence structures to elaborate meaning, for example, by using a range of verbs and tenses, personal pronouns, adverbs, adjectives and time indicators to describe, situate and link people, objects and events

  Elaborations

  • extending understanding and use of present, past and future tenses, for example, είμαι, ήμουν, θα είμαι, έχω, είχα, θα έχω, έπαιζα, έπαιξα, παίζω, θα παίξω, θα παίζω
  • referring to the past, present and future using time indicators, for example, σήμερα, αύριο, χτες, μεθαύριο, προχτές, πριν λίγες μέρες
  • expanding use of adjectives such as μεγάλος-η-ο, ωραίος-α-ο, απίθανος-η-ο, φοβερός-η-ο
  • using possessive and object pronouns μου, σου, του, της, του, μας, σας, τους
  • extending meaning by using adverbs of place and time such as εδώ, εκεί, χτες, μεθαύριο,
  • understanding the use of πολύ
  • using expressions with the verb κάνω, κάνει κρύο/ζέστη, κάνω δουλειές, κάνω όνειρα, τι κάνεις;
  • understanding the function of comparative and superlative adjectives, for example, πιο μεγάλος, μεγαλύτερος, ο πιο μεγάλος
  • developing knowledge of vocabulary relating to, for example, immediate environments, relationships, leisure, hobbies, shopping, travel

  VCELU030 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELC020

  Participate in structured discussions and tasks by asking and responding to questions, clarifying understanding and expressing agreement or disagreement

  Elaborations

  • interacting in class routines by requesting, advising and apologising, for example, Συγγνώμη δεν κατάλαβα, Μήπως θέλεις βοήθεια;
  • clarifying meaning or instructions Ορίστε, Συγγνώμη; Κοίτα/Κοιτάξτε, Τι είπατε;
  • participating in discussions using modelled language, expressing opinions, for example, πιστεύω, νομίζω, and agreeing/disagreeing, for example, Συμφωνώ, Δεν συμφωνώ, on topics such as wearing hats in summer, for example, Φοράμε καπέλα το καλοκαίρι
  • contributing to collaborative interactions such as creating a schedule for a visiting school group, setting up a school display, hosting an event

  VCELC020 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCELU015

  Understand that Greek, like all languages, varies according to participants, roles and relationships, context and culture

  Elaborations

  • examining differences between formal and informal language in social interactions such as greetings, introductions and farewells, for example, Γεια σου Γιάννη/Γεια σας παιδιά, Με λένε Μαρία, Καληνύχτα σας
  • recognising that language use varies according to context and situation, and variables such as gender, age and the relationship of participants, for example, language used with friends compared to language used in formal situations such as meeting a friend’s family for the first time
  • observing and noticing cultural differences in informal and formal situations and interactions, for example, at a Greek celebration such as a festival

  VCELU015 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCELU151

  Understand the importance of register in a range of contexts and situations, such as at home, at school or in more formal situations

  Elaborations

  • using appropriate language according to age, gender, relationship and social status when meeting people for the first time or when introducing friends, teachers or other adults
  • comparing the meaning of words heard in the community to those learnt in class and noticing that there are different ways of saying the same thing in Greek, for example, η χτένα, η τσατσάρα,
  • identifying the appropriate way to communicate things in Greek, for example, το αυτοκίνητο instead of το κάρο
  • reflecting on the use of colloquial or abbreviated language in technologically mediated contexts, for example by email or phone, as well as the use of borrowed words from other languages, for example, στικάκι (memory stick), σερφάρω (surfing the internet)

  VCELU151 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCELC164

  Reflect on how own biography, including personal experiences, family origins, traditions and beliefs, impacts on identity and shapes own intercultural experiences

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on the experience of learning and using Greek and the role of language and culture in expressing identity, and considering the influence of own background on ways of communicating, such as in the use of gestures and body language
  • reflecting on how learning Greek may have impacted on own identity and understanding of the world such as an increased awareness of representations of Greece and Cyprus in the media

  VCELC164 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCELU118

  Recognise that Australia has speakers of many different languages, including Greek, and that languages borrow words from each other and sometimes use the same alphabet symbols and vocabulary

  Elaborations

  • understanding that the 26 English alphabet letters (Latin/Roman alphabet), have their roots in the Ancient Greek alphabet, recognising the similar order of letters and comparing lower and upper case Greek and English alphabet letters
  • understanding that there are many everyday words and names in English that have Greek origins, for example, alphabet, Chloe, disco, echidna, eucalyptus, hippopotamus, mathematics, school, story, telephone, Timothy, Zoe
  • understanding that there are many technical/scientific words in English that have Greek origins, for example, astronaut, chemist, dentist, disc, physiotherapist, telescope, thermometer

  VCELU118 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCELU136

  Make connections between cultural practices and language use, for example, by identifying vocabulary, behaviours and expressions which reflect cultural values, beliefs and traditions

  Elaborations

  • examining aspects of authentic Greek culture, for example, sugared almonds at weddings and baptisms, βασιλόπιτα,τσουρέκι, their symbolism and the language associated with them
  • understanding concepts and values such as το γλέντι, and η παρέα , το πανηγύρι for example, during Greek festivals, birthdays and name days
  • recognising and explaining to others the significance of some Greek cultural practices sustained over time, for example, reasons for traditional Greek housing and events, for example, offering visitors food and drink, το κέρασμα στη γιορτή
  • experiencing the importance of music and dance in Greek culture, as an expression of identity and emotions (happiness, joy, sadness, national pride)

  VCELU136 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCELU029

  Recognise and reproduce Greek sound–letter relationships and combinations in spoken and written forms and key features of pronunciation, rhythm and stress, including some irregularities

  Elaborations

  • recognising the differences in tone and rhythm between questions, exclamations and commands, for example, Σοβαρά, Αμέσως, Ετοιμάσου Γρήγορα! Τι λες!
  • recognising and reproducing rhythms in more complex sentences, using pausing and intonation to signal emphasis
  • understanding the role of pronunciation, rhythm and pace in creating effects and relationships in oral texts, such as songs, stories, poems and conversations, for example, in the song ‘Καλημέρα, τι κάνεις;’
  • identifying differences in sounds, such as γγ, γκ, τζ, τσ, μπ, ντ, αϊ, άι, -ασμα (διάβασμα) and using them appropriately when writing
  • experimenting with pronunciation rules and intonation collaboratively with peers, for example, αυ, ευ, τσ, τζ, αι, ββ, λλ, ρρ, ττ, ιου, ιο/ιό, ειο/ειου

  VCELU029 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELU012

  Identify similarities and differences between the phonological and orthographic systems of English and Greek, including accentuation and intonation in oral language, and decode and use the Greek script

  Elaborations

  • using the Greek alphabet, making connections between spoken and written forms, and recognising similarities and differences to the English alphabet
  • recognising accentuation and differences such as πού/που,πώς/πως, ή/η
  • developing and using Greek pronunciation, reproducing sounds and combinations
  • using the Greek alphabet for spelling out names and other words
  • developing awareness of Greek sounds, rhythms and intonation patterns
  • becoming familiar with the Greek vowel system
  • recognising intonation for questions, statements, commands and interjections
  • knowing when to use σ/ς
  • using vowels to create same sounds, such as ι, η, υ, ει, οι
  • understanding and using punctuation particular to the Greek language, for example, the question mark (;)

  VCELU012 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELC107

  Share and present information about self, family, friends and possessions, using gestures, labels, pictures and modelled language

  Elaborations

  • using familiar vocabulary and simple sentences to create texts about self, family, friends and possessions, such as a family album, a class picture dictionary or a family tree
  • contributing to classroom resources that involve naming, labelling and illustrating, using digital technologies, for example, a favourite photos wall, a word wall
  • giving information about self, family, friends, and possessions by writing captions or attaching word bubbles to drawings or photos, using digital technologies
  • using simple sentences and supporting gestures to communicate informally about self, friends and favourite possessions, for example, Παίζεις νέτμπολ; lifting head/eyebrows to answer ‘no’, hand action to show Έτσι κι έτσι, lifting head and shoulders to convey not knowing something

  VCELC107 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• VCELC126

  Create and perform short spoken and written imaginative texts such as dialogues or collaborative online stories, using formulaic expressions and modelled language

  Elaborations

  • creating and performing simple imaginative texts, using movement or drama to animate characters and to give expression to events in texts, for example, acting out scenes from a story, adopting the profile of a character, creating a dance to accompany songs
  • modifying texts such as songs, for example, by substituting words in a well-known song or tune (Η Mικρή Ελένη, Βγαίνει η βαρκούλα, ‘Bob the Builder’)
  • creating a new story such as a digital picture book using favourite characters from imaginative texts (Ηρακλής, Μορμώ, Σποτ) and adding captions using formulaic expressions and modelled language, for example, Μια φορά και έναν καιρό, Τέλος, Και ζήσαν αυτοί καλά κι εμείς καλύτερα.

  VCELC126 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Creating

• VCELU115

  Understand elements of grammar such as word order, verb forms and personal pronouns related to questions, commands and short sentences, and develop vocabulary to describe self, friends and family

  Elaborations

  • recognising the order of words in phrases and sentences, for example, η μαμά μου, Δεν κάνει κρύο, Nα η θεία μου
  • observing that the accent mark indicates emphasis, for example, το βιβλίο, η γάτα, ο σκύλος
  • recognising that all nouns, in particular names in Greek, have an article and gender, for example, η Άννα, το σκυλί, ο μπαμπάς
  • understanding that adjectives have gender, for example, κόκκινος, κόκκινη, κόκκινο, μεγάλος, μεγάλη, μεγάλο, καλός, καλή, καλό
  • using adverbs to show where, for example, έξω, μέσα, εδώ, εκεί, πάνω, κάτω, γύρω
  • using simple adjectives and adverbs to enhance sentences, for example, Κάνει λίγο κρύο, Σ’ αγαπώ πολύ μαμά! Το σπίτι είναι πολύ μεγάλο
  • using verbs in the first person to describe aspects of self, for example, Είμαι αγόρι, είμαι έξι, έχω γάτα
  • recognising terms for common everyday nouns, for example, η πόρτα, η καρέκλα, το σπίτι, ο μπαμπάς
  • responding to and issuing commands, for example, έλα εδώ, κάτσε κάτω
  • responding to questions which include verbs in the second person, singular or plural, such as Πόσω(ν) χρονών είσαι; Τι κάνετε;
  • developing number knowledge for numbers up to 29 and using them in sentences such as Είμαι έξι
  • beginning to use conjunctions such as και

  VCELU115 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELU117

  Recognise that in Greek, greetings and forms of address vary according to such things as the time of day, age, gender and relationship of participants

  Elaborations

  • using appropriate form of address or greeting depending on gender, age and social status of participants, and time of day, for example, using Γεια σου or Τι κάνεις; with peers and Γεια σας or Τι κάνετε; when speaking to adults, using Καλημέρα, Γεια σας, Χαίρετε, Καλησπέρα or Καληνύχτα depending on the time of day, using first names when greeting friends but adding a salutation when addressing teachers/adults: Γεια σας κυρία Αγγελική
  • recognising that there can be different forms of address for the same person, for example, μαμά, μητέρα

  VCELU117 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCELU114

  Recognise and reproduce the sounds and letters of the Greek alphabet, identifying how they are represented in words, and read vowel–consonant combinations, including the most common digraphs/diphthongs such as oυ and μπ

  Elaborations

  • building phonic awareness by pronouncing and writing alphabet letters with familiar sounds, for example, Οο, Ιι, Εε, Αα, Κκ, Ττ, Λλ, Ππ, Σσς, Μμ, Νν, Ηη, Υυ, Ωω, Ββ, Ζζ, Φφ, and building to more unfamiliar sounds, for example Γγ, Ρρ, Δδ, Θθ, Ξξ, Ψψ, Χχ
  • experimenting with sounds, rhythms, intonation and stress
  • noticing that there are 24 letters in the Greek alphabet with individual names and that there are upper case and lower case letters, seven vowels and 17 consonants, and that ‘ς’ (τελικό σίγμα) only appears on the ends of words
  • locating and highlighting specific alphabet letters and accent marks in names, and categorising names according to their first consonant
  • developing pronunciation and intonation skills by singing, reciting and repeating alphabet names in context, for example, songs
  • focusing on those letters that are different and initially difficult and correctly pronouncing words starting with the sounds Ψψ and Ξξ (ψάρι, ξύλο), recognising that these two sounds only appear in the middle or at the end of words in English
  • recognising and making simple syllables from vowel–consonant combinations, for example, μα, με, μη, μι, μο, μυ, μω and understanding that syllables can be joined together to make words such as α-λά-τι and μά-τι
  • recognising the most common digraphs, including ου as in μου and μπ as in μπαμπάς

  VCELU114 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELC181

  Engage in intercultural experience, reflecting on own cultural identity and how this shapes personal ways of communicating and thinking

  Elaborations

  • monitoring, evaluating and recording own experiences and reactions when communicating in Greek, for example, by keeping an online or digital diary or journal and considering how perspectives may have changed over time
  • reflecting on and discussing own ways of communicating and behaving and how these may be interpreted by Greek speakers, considering concepts such as ‘culture’, ‘attitudes’, ‘assumptions’ and ‘values’
  • reflecting on the experiences of Greek migrants when they came to Australia, discussing the impact they have made on Australian society and the issue of cultural identity

  VCELC181 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting