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• VCRAU017

  Notice that the languages people use and the way they use them relate to who they are and where and how they live

  Elaborations

  • recognise the countries and regions where the language is spoken
  • noticing similarities and differences between lifestyles and language use
  • exploring different cultural practices and related language use through games
  • recognising words that reflect aspects of culture
  • noticing that particular Australian-English terms and expressions may have no equivalent in the language, for example, 'footy' or 'lamington'

  VCRAU017 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCRAU098

  Develop knowledge of structures and vocabulary for describing people, places and things, such as pronouns, verbs, adjectives, word order and other elements of grammar

  Elaborations

  • identifying people using, for example, terms of address, pronouns and some nouns
  • identifying things and animals using concrete nouns describing the qualities of people, for example, adjectives of character and appearance
  • describing qualities of objects and animals using adjectives
  • indicating quantity using plurals
  • referring to numbers of things using cardinal numbers and things in a sequence using ordinal numbers
  • greeting and farewelling
  • telling others to do something using imperatives
  • indicating possession
  • describing simple actions
  • negating
  • specifying place and location
  • referring to existence/presence
  • giving directions and information about place using prepositions
  • locating events in time and referring to the past and future seeking information and assistance using interrogatives
  • joining ideas using cohesive devices
  • expressing emotion
  • expressing modality
  • comparing things using comparatives and superlatives

  VCRAU098 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAU031

  Recognise that texts such as stories, games and conversations have particular features

  Elaborations

  • recognising language features typically associated with texts, for example, the use of imperatives in games and time markers in stories
  • comparing features of different text types, for example, differences in purpose or in the amount and kinds of language in a conversation and a story
  • noticing differences between written and spoken texts (for example, comparing a written story with a spoken version), or comparing how texts within the same mode can differ, for example, a birthday card and an email message

  VCRAU031 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAU048

  Develop understanding of how the choice of text type influences the use of grammatical structures and rules

  Elaborations

  • noticing that different text types have a different register, for example, a speech, a dialogue with peers, an email or a letter to someone in authority
  • analysing how different text types use linguistic features to create effects, such as superlatives in advertisements designed to persuade, the imperative in signs designed to advise or prohibit, salutations in emails designed to maintain relationships, and declaratives in announcements designed to inform

  VCRAU048 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAU099

  Recognise grammatical structures and features in a range of personal, informative and imaginative texts, and notice how these contribute to meaning

  Elaborations

  • analysing the key features of texts such as advertisements, stories, songs and conversations, and comparing these with texts in own language and culture
  • identifying how texts are constructed, such as textual features (for example, salutations in correspondence), grammatical structures (for example, time markers in narratives) and visual cues (for example, images in brochures)
  • comparing the grammar of the language and English, identifying similarities (for example, some sentence constructions) and differences (for example, word order and use of adjectives and verbs)
  • applying knowledge of grammatical rules and context when using dictionaries to support comprehension and creation of texts

  VCRAU099 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAU081

  Analyse complex noun and verb forms, and recognise sentence structures and elements of grammar

  Elaborations

  • describing people and things using, for example:
    • a range of noun forms
    • acronyms and abbreviations
    • indicators of groups or plurals
    • terms of address
    • classifiers
  • describing the qualities of people and things using, for example:
    • adjectives
    • comparatives and superlatives
  • referring to abstract ideas
  • indicating action using, for example:
    • the verb system
    • adverbs as modifiers
  • referring to the past, present and future, and relating events in time using adverbs
  • contrasting ideas using conjunctions
  • indicating register using colloquial and formal language
  • expressing opinions
  • influencing others by persuading using superlatives, encouraging and advising
  • evaluating
  • expressing imagination by using imagery, metaphor and simile
  • using idiomatic language and proverbs
  • maintaining interaction using rhetorical devices and verbal fillers
  • expressing emphasis

  VCRAU081 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAC045

  Share experiences of learning and using the language, and comment on aspects of the culture(s) studied that have been accepted or rejected and how this has impacted on the students' own identity

  Elaborations

  • monitoring own development as a learner of the language, for example, recording learning and reflections in blogs, learning log or journal
  • comparing peers experiences of learning the language, and considering any impacts, for example, noting own reactions when others such as teachers or extended family ask about learning the language
  • creating texts that express their own identity, including their identity as a learner of the language (for example, personal emblem/motto, poster, profile, photo journal, or caricature/self-portrait), and reflecting on how these may be understood from another perspective
  • considering how own upbringing and experiences impact on their assumptions in intercultural interactions (for example, notions of leisure and free time, pocket money, living in house with backyard ), and whether these assumptions have changed in the process of learning the language

  VCRAC045 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCRAU082

  Recognise the purpose and features of a range of texts such as persuasive, argumentative and expository texts

  Elaborations

  • recognising features of spoken texts such as conversations and speeches, for example, the use of back channels, discourse markers, hesitations and non-standard expressions
  • analysing linguistic structures and features associated with particular texts, for example, showing deference in a job application, wishing longevity in birthday cards, using data to support an argument, using emotive language to persuade, and creating tension in drama
  • understanding conventions in texts in the language such as ways to begin or end a speech, or when to include expressions for good health or good fortune

  VCRAU082 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAU115

  Develop knowledge of vocabulary and grammatical structures to extend meanings, such as cohesive devices and sentence construction

  Elaborations

  • identifying people by pronouns or titles and nicknames
  • describing the qualities of people using adjectives of character
  • indicating possibility
  • specifying what is being referred to
  • understanding embedded clauses
  • indicating equivalence
  • indicating action
  • relating position
  • comparing things using comparatives and superlatives
  • seeking information using interrogatives and question forms
  • requesting that others do something
  • excusing and apologising
  • giving advice
  • showing empathy and well-wishing
  • giving opinions
  • contrasting two ideas using conjunctions
  • referring to abstract ideas
  • referring to events and time using frequency markers and time indicators

  VCRAU115 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAU014

  Understand that language is organised as ‘text’, and recognise features of texts such as songs, chants, labels and captions

  Elaborations

  • recognising that sentences have separate parts, observing features of familiar texts such as greetings in a conversation, the chorus in a song, or rhyme in a song/poem
  • understanding that texts have a purpose, for example, recounts are ways of describing past events and greeting cards can convey feelings

  VCRAU014 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAU013

  Recognise questions, commands and simple sentences, and develop vocabulary for people, places and things in their personal world

  Elaborations

  • identifying people using pronouns
  • describing possession in familiar phrases
  • greeting and farewelling others
  • specifying location
  • describing actions using simple verbs
  • understanding different question words and the anticipated answer
  • using imperatives to tell others to do something
  • referring to numbers of things using cardinal numbers
  • describing the colour, size, shape and character of a person, place or thing
  • joining words or phrases using conjunctions
  • using negation

  VCRAU013 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAC088

  Interact in class routines and exchanges by asking and responding to questions, following instructions, and seeking help and permission

  Elaborations

  • following instructions to play a game, complete work or get organised
  • asking and responding to questions to clarify meaning or instructions or request permission
  • interacting in classroom routines such as greeting and taking leave
  • using language for comparison, opinion, reaction and reflection

  VCRAC088 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCRAC057

  Respond to aspects of imaginative texts by expressing opinions and feelings about them and comparing these with imaginative texts in own language and culture

  Elaborations

  • expressing personal opinions about ideas in texts such as traditional and contemporary stories and excerpts from films or video clips
  • stating personal preferences about characters, attitudes and events in texts
  • comparing key messages and beliefs from texts in the language studied and from Australian texts such as creation and Dreaming stories, fables, myths and legends
  • exploring ideas and values represented in popular culture forms across cultures, such as game shows, soap operas, songs/music clips and computer games, and commenting on similarities and differences

  VCRAC057 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCRAC076

  Translate a range of informative, literary and personal texts, comparing interpretations and explaining how cultural perspectives and concepts have been represented

  Elaborations

  • translating short texts and excerpts from a range of informative and literary texts, and reflecting on aspects of culture embedded in idiomatic language and proverbs, for example, proverbs in both the language and English such as 'The early bird catches the worm' or sayings such as ‘it’s raining cats and dogs’, or ‘as tough as nails’
  • choosing how to best represent cultural concepts and expressions for example, ‘best friend’, ‘better late than never’, ‘home sweet home’
  • translating signs and symbols such as public signs and emoticons

  VCRAC076 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCRAC008

  Translate familiar words and phrases, using visual cues and word lists, noticing how words may have similar or different meanings

  Elaborations

  • participating in shared reading of texts such as big books, and asking and answering questions about unfamiliar words and the number of words in translated texts
  • using visual dictionaries, word lists and pictures to translate meanings and compare similar or different meanings
  • noticing how aspects of the language studied and English are the same, such as the alphabet and some sounds
  • discussing culture-specific words and practices and terms of address

  VCRAC008 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Translating

• VCRAU116

  Develop understanding of textual conventions and how they shape meaning and influence responses

  Elaborations

  • analysing how texts are constructed, including cohesive devices such as conjunctions and coherence devices such as time markers
  • examining language structures and features used in a range of texts for communicative effect, for example, to persuade, amuse, ridicule, sympathise, challenge, include or exclude, offend or forgive
  • using literary devices to enhance ideas and expression in imaginative texts
  • analysing and comparing textual features across cultures
  • understanding the prevalence of acronyms and their use for convenience

  VCRAU116 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAC105

  Contribute to structured discussions and tasks by asking and responding to questions, clarifying understanding and expressing agreement or disagreement

  Elaborations

  • contributing to collaborative interactions such as creating a newsletter, setting up a display or hosting an event, negotiating roles and responsibilities
  • interacting in class routines by apologising, clarifying, requesting and advising, participating in class discussions and making connections with contributions from others

  VCRAC105 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCRAC037

  Participate in classroom interactions and structured tasks by asking and responding to questions, seeking permission and expressing preferences

  Elaborations

  • asking and responding to questions, and asking for repetition or clarification
  • responding to instructions and commands
  • asking permission and giving advice and reminders to peers

  VCRAC037 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCRAC001

  Participate in structured play and class activities, exchanging greetings and information about self, family and interests with peers and teacher

  Elaborations

  • learning how to greet others at different times of the day using appropriate forms of address and body language
  • expressing feelings, opinions and reactions
  • introducing and giving descriptions of self, family members, pets and favourite objects

  VCRAC001 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCRAC093

  Translate and interpret texts such as descriptions, emails, signs and notices, using contextual cues and textual features, and noticing non-equivalence of meaning

  Elaborations

  • collaborating with peers and teacher to translate and interpret personal texts, such as correspondence and conversations, noticing similarities and differences in language use and considering why these might exist
  • translating public signs or notices from the language to English and vice versa, comparing meanings and considering how effective the translations are and why
  • experimenting with translating, both literally and for meaning, by using strategies such as explaining rather than word-for-word translation, for example, describing a cricket match
  • learning to use bilingual dictionaries and electronic translation tools, identifying issues such as multiple meanings of words and the need to consider context and understand that meaning goes beyond the literal

  VCRAC093 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating