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• VCHHK096

  Significant contributions of individuals and groups, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and migrants, to changing Australian society

  Elaborations

  • examining population data that show the places of birth of Australia’s people at one or more points of time in the past and today
  • investigating the role of specific cultural groups in Australia’s economic and social development, for example, the cattle industry, the Snowy Mountains Scheme, the pearling industry
  • considering notable individuals in Australian public life across a range of fields, for example, the arts, science, sport, education, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, a range of cultural and social groups

  VCHHK096 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Knowledge | Australia as a nation

• VCGGK094

  Influence of people, including the influence of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, on the environmental characteristics of Australian places

  Elaborations

  • identifying how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities altered the environment through their methods of land and resource management
  • exploring the extent of change in the local environment over time, through for example, vegetation clearance, fencing, urban development, drainage, irrigation, farming, forest plantations or mining

  VCGGK094 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCHHK093

  The significance of key figures and events that led to Australia’s Federation, including British and American influences on Australia’s system of law and government

  Elaborations

  • studying Australia’s path to Federation through an examination of key people, for example, Henry Parkes, Edmund Barton, George Reid, John Quick, and events such as the Tenterfield Oration, the Corowa Conference, the referendums held in the colonies from 1898 to 1900
  • comparing the model of Australian federalism with the original model of the United States of America to identify the US influence on Australia’s system of government
  • identifying key elements of Australia’s system of law and government and their origins, for example, the Magna Carta; federalism, constitutional monarchy, the Westminster system and the separation of powers, legislature, executive, judiciary, the houses of parliament, how laws are made

  VCHHK093 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Knowledge | Australia as a nation

• VCHHK089

  The nature of convict or colonial presence, including the factors that influenced changing patterns of development, how the environment changed, and aspects of the daily life of the inhabitants, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

  Elaborations

  • investigating colonial life to discover what life was like at that time for different inhabitants, for example, a European family and an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander Language group, a convict and a free settler, a sugar cane farmer and an indentured labourer, in terms of clothing, diet, leisure, paid and unpaid work, language, housing and children’s lives
  • mapping local, regional and state/territory rural and urban settlement patterns in the 1800s, and noting factors such as geographical features, climate, water resources, the discovery of gold, transport and access to port facilities that shaped these patterns
  • investigating the impact of settlement on the environment, for example, comparing the present and past landscape and the flora and fauna of the local community

  VCHHK089 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Knowledge | The Australian colonies

• VCGGC087

  Describe and explain interconnections within places and between places, and the effects of these interconnections

  Elaborations

  • researching connections between Australia and countries in the Asia region, for example, in terms of trade, migration, tourism, aid, education, defence or cultural influences; and explaining the effects of at least one of these connections on their own place and another place in Australia
  • explaining the impacts of fire on Australian vegetation and the significance of fire damage to human communities
  • comparing how people have responded to climatic conditions in similar and different places and factors that may have influenced this such as culture and technology
  • exploring the extent of change in the local environment over time, through for example, vegetation clearance, fencing, urban development, drainage, irrigation, farming, forest plantations or mining
  • researching the changes made by people to a particular environment in one region in Europe or North America and comparing findings with other regions researched by students

  VCGGC087 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCCCG009

  Describe the roles and responsibilities of the three levels of government, including shared roles and responsibilities within Australia's federal system

  Elaborations

  • clarifying the roles and responsibilities of the three levels of government (local, state/territory and federal)
  • identifying instances where there may be multiple levels of government involved, for example in relation to the environment such as management of the Murray-Darling river system

  VCCCG009 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 5 and 6 | Government and Democracy

• VCHHK095

  The stories and perspectives of people who migrated to Australia, including from one Asian country, and the reasons they migrated

  Elaborations

  • investigate migration programs to Australian since World War II
  • comparing push and pull factors that have contributed to people migrating to Australia, for example, economic migrants and political refugees
  • exploring individual narratives using primary sources, for example, letters, documents and historical objects, interviewing and recording an oral history, dramatising the journey and circumstances of arrival based on the sources
  • describing cultural practices related to family life, beliefs and customs of newly-arrived migrant groups and comparing these with those of the communities in which they settled within Australia
  • connecting stories of migration to students’ own family histories (where appropriate)

  VCHHK095 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Knowledge | Australia as a nation

• VCHHK094

  The different experiences and perspectives of Australian democracy and citizenship, including the status and rights of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, migrants, women, and children

  Elaborations

  • the lack of citizenship rights for Aboriginal Peoples and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in Australia, illustrated by controls on movement and residence, the forcible removal of children from their families leading to the Stolen Generations, and poor pay and working conditions
  • describing the significance of the 1962 right to vote federally and the 1967 referendum
  • investigating the stories of individuals or groups who advocated or fought for rights in twentieth-century Australia, for example, Jack Patten or the Aborigines Progressive Association
  • investigating the experiences of democracy and citizenship of women, for example, the suffragette movement, the bar on married women working, equal pay, the Sex Discrimination Act 1984
  • investigating the experiences of democracy and citizenship of migrant groups, for example, internment camps during World War II, assimilation policies, anti-discrimination legislation, mandatory detention, pay and working conditions
  • investigating the experiences of democracy and citizenship of children who were placed in orphanages, homes and other institutions, for example the nature of their food and shelter, education and contacts with family

  VCHHK094 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Knowledge | Australia as a nation

• VCGGK091

  Location of the major countries of Europe and North America, in relation to Australia and their major characteristics including the influence of people on the environmental characteristics of places in at least two countries from both continents

  Elaborations

  • using geographical tools, such as printed and electronic atlases, to identify the relative location of Europe and North America and their environmental characteristics
  • researching the changes made by people to a particular environment in one region in Europe or North America and comparing findings with other regions researched by students

  VCGGK091 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCGGC089

  Represent the location of places and other types of geographical data and information in different forms including diagrams, field sketches and large-scale and small-scale maps that conform to cartographic conventions of border, scale, legend, title, north point and source; using digital and spatial...

  Elaborations

  • summarising the points of view on an issue, for example in a planning or environmental dispute
  • developing a diagram to show the similarities and differences in official languages and religions across a number of countries
  • creating maps such as flow and choropleth maps, or plans for specific purposes. For example, a flow map to show the connections Australia has with other countries, or a bushfire management plan mapping geographical data using spatial technologies, the location of recent bushfires in Australia, or information they have collected through fieldwork
  • annotating a map to show places and their features in Australia and in selected countries of North America and Europe
  • creating small-scale maps to show connections between places

  VCGGC089 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• VCEBW007

  Explore the nature and meaning of work and why individuals choose to participate in work

  Elaborations

  • exploring types of work, for example, full-time, part-time, casual, paid, unpaid, volunteer
  • investigating the reasons people work, for example, by conducting a class survey of parents’ and/or friends’ reasons for working

  VCEBW007 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 5 and 6 | Work and Work Futures

• VCEBR002

  Explore the concept of opportunity cost and explain how it involves choices about the alternative use of limited resources and the need to consider trade-offs

  Elaborations

  • explaining why when one choice is made about how to use a resource, the next best alternative is not available (trade-off). For example, if a student chooses to spend their time (resource) riding their bike after school, they cannot go for a swim (trade-off)

  VCEBR002 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 5 and 6 | Resource Allocation and Making Choices

• VCCCG008

  Discuss the values, principles and institutions that underpin Australia’s democratic forms of government and explain how this system is influenced by the Westminster system

  Elaborations

  • explaining the role of the monarchy and its representatives in Australia including the Governor-General, and the parliaments and courts in Australia's system of government
  • discussing the meaning and importance of the values and principles of Australian democracy such as freedom, representation, majority rule, equality, fairness and justice

  VCCCG008 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 5 and 6 | Government and Democracy

• VCHHK088

  The social, economic and political causes and reasons for the establishment of British colonies in Australia after 1800

  Elaborations

  • investigating the causes and reasons, including economic, political and social, for the establishment of one or more British colonies
  • examining a penal colony, for example, Moreton Bay, Van Diemen’s Land, or a colony that later became a state such as Western Australia or Victoria

  VCHHK088 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Knowledge | The Australian colonies

• VCGGK098

  Australia’s connections with other countries and how these change people and places

  Elaborations

  • investigating a significant event, such as a severe earthquake or the Olympic Games, and examining its local, regional and global effects on people and places, and discussing the types of responses
  • researching connections between Australia and countries in the Asia region, for example, through trade, migration, tourism, aid, education, defence or cultural influences; and explaining the effects of at least one of these connections on their own place and another place in Australia
  • exploring the provision of Australian government or non-government aid to a country in the Asia region or elsewhere in the world and analysing its effects on places in that country
  • investigating the influence of longitude, time zones and the International Date Line on connections with other countries

  VCGGK098 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCGGK092

  Location of the major countries of the Asian region in relation to Australia and the geographical diversity within the region

  Elaborations

  • identifying the geographical divisions of Asia, including North-East, South-East, South Asia and West Asia (the Middle East)
  • exploring the diversity of environments and types of settlement, in the Asia region, or in part of the region, or in a country in either North-East, South-East or South Asia and discussing any patterns
  • describing the location of places in countries of the Asia region in absolute terms using latitude and longitude

  VCGGK092 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCHHC082

  Sequence significant events and lifetimes of people in chronological order to create a narrative to explain the developments in Australia’s colonial past and the causes and effects of Federation on its people

  Elaborations

  • compiling an annotated timeline showing key stages in the development of colonial Australia including the date of European settlement in each state, the date the colony was established, the date of self-government
  • identifying and developing a timeline of world unrest that contributed to migration in the 1900s, for example, the World Wars, the Vietnam War, the war in the former Yugoslavia, the Tiananmen Square massacre, the war in Sudan
  • placing key events, ideas, movements and people of the twentieth century in chronological sequence

  VCHHC082 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Chronology

• VCGGC088

  Collect and record relevant geographical data and information from the field and secondary sources, using ethical protocols

  Elaborations

  • developing questions about the way connections affect places and people’s perceptions of places and collecting related data and information
  • planning an investigation to identify how significant events can connect places. For example, the Olympics or a tsunami
  • identifying the purpose and usefulness of information gained from primary and secondary sources such as fieldwork, maps, plans, photographs, satellite images, statistical sources and reports
  • finding out how to conduct ethical research with people and communities, including the protocols for consultation with local Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander communities
  • exchanging geographical information from schools in countries of the Asia region
  • interviewing people, for example, on their knowledge and opinions of other places

  VCGGC088 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• VCHHC084

  Describe perspectives and identify ideas, beliefs and values of people and groups in the past

  Elaborations

  • conducting an interview to learn about the experiences of community or family members who migrated to Australia and understanding that different questions elicit different kinds of answers, for example, the difference between a closed and open question such as ‘Did you like Australia when you first arrived?’ compared with ‘How did you feel about Australia when you first arrived?’
  • using sources to develop narratives, for example, reasons for the establishment of colonies, effects of key developments and events on colonies, the impact of significant groups or individuals on development
  • retrieving census data to construct arguments for and against migration

  VCHHC084 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Historical sources as evidence

• VCGGK093

  Differences in the demographic, economic, social and cultural characteristics of countries across the world

  Elaborations

  • identifying examples of indigenous peoples who live in different regions in the world and appreciating their similarities and differences. For example, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia, Maori of Aotearoa New Zealand, the First Nations of North America and the Orang Asli of Malaysia and Indonesia
  • investigating the relationship between per capita income, health (as measured by life expectancy) and energy consumption in a selection of countries around the world, including at least one country from the Asia region
  • comparing people’s lives in places with different levels of income
  • investigating the similarities and differences in languages, religions and spiritual traditions between Australia and selected countries of the Asia region and other parts of the world
  • researching the proportions of the Australian population and of the population from their local area who were born in each world cultural region, using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and then comparing aspects of selected cultures

  VCGGK093 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections