Search results

Result list

• VCGGC104

  Analyse maps and other geographical data and information using digital and spatial technologies as appropriate, to develop identifications, descriptions, explanations and conclusions that use geographical terminology

  Elaborations

  • using aerial images of contrasting places to identify differences in housing density
  • using graphs, weather maps and satellite images to examine the temporal and spatial patterns of a selected hydrological hazard in Australia and another region of the world, such as countries of the Asia region, or from the Pacific region
  • using digital maps and overlays of an area to observe, describe and contrast the spatial associations of geographical phenomena. For example, the relationship between economic activities and river systems and the availability of surface water
  • interpreting topographic maps and digital terrain models, cross-sections or block diagrams to investigate landforms and their features
  • reviewing the results of an analysis to propose and defend answers to a question, emphasising at least one of the geographical concepts of place, space, environment, interconnection, sustainability, scale or change

  VCGGC104 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• VCGGC103

  Select and represent data and information in different forms, including by constructing appropriate maps at different scales that conform to cartographic conventions, using digital and spatial technologies as appropriate

  Elaborations

  • creating an annotated diagram to demonstrate how water flows through the environment and connects places, or the influence of environmental quality on the liveability of places
  • constructing tables and graphs of demographic or economic data for Australia or China
  • creating annotated diagrams to show a landscape and its landforms
  • creating a map to show the spatial distribution and patterns of liveability, using computer mapping software
  • using a satellite image to construct a map to show the areas affected by a hydrological hazard, in Australia and another region of the world

  VCGGC103 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• VCHHK120

  One significant challenge and one development faced by the society that caused progress or decline

  Elaborations

  • Vikings
    • using a cause effect wheel, explain the decline of Viking power such as defeats in battle, the Battle of Stanford Bridge, treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte ending Viking raids in France, new colonies, changing climate and the spread of Christianity
  • Medieval Europe
    • analysing the causes and effects of the Black Death in Europe and Asia
    • investigating living conditions in London in the fourteenth century, for example, the lack of sanitation, crowded housing; the extent of medical knowledge, for example, based on Hippocrates’ theory; and beliefs about the power of God, for example, that diseases were a punishment of God
    • mapping the origin spread of the Black Death (Asia, Africa, Europe) in the fourteenth century CE and The role of expanding trade between Europe and Asia in the Black Death
    • evaluating the long and short term effects of the Black Death on Asian, European and African populations, and conflicting theories about the impact of the plague. Other immediate and long-term effects of the Black Death, including labour shortages, peasant uprisings, the weakening of feudal structures, and increased social mobility
    • using studies of church records from the period to identify the effect of the Black Death on human populations and to consider the reliability of these statistics
    • using a graphic organiser to identify and describe short-term and long-term effects of the Black Death in Europe and draw conclusions about the severity over time
  • Ottoman Empire
    • examining the significance of the Crusades in challenging Ottoman Empire and their responses to the challenge
    • analysing the causes and effects of the Black Death in Europe and Asia.
    • mapping the origin spread of the Black Death (Asia, Africa, Europe) in the fourteenth century CE and The role of expanding trade between Europe and Asia in the Black Death
    • evaluating the long and short term effects of the Black Death on Asian, European and African populations, and conflicting theories about the impact of the plague. Other immediate and long-term effects of the Black Death, including expansion of the Ottoman Empire, labour shortages, peasant uprisings, the weakening of feudal structures, and increased social mobility
    • categorising the effects of the Black Death on the Ottoman Empire using a graphic organiser to identify and describe the effects as either short-term or long-term and drawing conclusions about the severity of the Black Death
  • Angkor/Khmer Empire
    • analysing reasons for the decline of the Khmer Empire
    • discussing theories about the causes and/or contributing factors to the decline the Khmer Empire for example, Tai invasions,  economic decline as a result of Jayavarman VII’s building program, population growth and attempts to control trade routes, religious revolution through the rise of Theravada Buddhism, internal political tension, environmental challenges such as soil sterilisation, over-intensified land use, the development of an unstable climate such as drought and monsoons and the breakdown of Angkor’s water management system
  • Mongol Expansion
    • analysing reasons for the decline of the Mongol Empire
    • analysing the causes and effects of the Black Death in Europe and Asia. The Black Death began in the densely inhabited Mongol dominions from 1313 to 1331. This disastrous plague devastated all khanates, cutting off commercial ties and resulting in the death of millions
  • Japan under the Shoguns
    • examining the theories about the decline of the Shogunate, including modernisation and westernisation, through the adoption of Western arms and technology
    • describing internal pressures in Shogunate Japan, for example, the rise of a commercial class at the expense of the samurai, peasant uprisings such as Osaka 1837, and famine
    • describing the increasing exposure to Western technology and ideas, for example, the establishment of a naval school with Dutch instructors, the translation of Western books
    • evaluating the significance of the Meiji Restoration of 1868 CE that restored imperial rule to Japan
  • Polynesian Expansion
    • investigating the way Polynesian societies used environmental resources (sustainably and unsustainably), including the extinction of the moa in New Zealand, the use of religious/supernatural threats to conserve resources, and the exploitation of Easter Island’s palm trees
    • researching the extinction of the moa in New Zealand as a result of hunting and habitat decline
    • explaining the significance of Rahui as a way of prohibiting the collection of resources, to ensure their sustainability
    • evaluating the evidence for theories about the deforestation of Easter Island (Rapa Nui)
  • Renaissance Italy
    • explaining the causes and effects of the spread of Renaissance culture to the rest of Europe, and its legacy
    • outlining the spread of Renaissance culture to England, for example, the rise of literature through Shakespeare
  • Spanish Conquest
    • using a fishbone to explain the conquest on the Aztecs or Incas as well as on the wider world, such as the introduction of new diseases, horses and gunpowder in the Americas, and new foods and increased wealth in Europe
    • outlining the effects of Spanish conquest on the Americas, for example, the spread of disease due to the lack of immunity; the introduction of crops such as maize, beans, potatoes, tobacco and chocolate from the Americas to Europe, the Encomieda system, mining
    • explaining the longer-term effects of conquest and colonisation on the indigenous populations of the Americas, for example, the unequal distribution of land and wealth, and political inequality, rise of the Spanish language

  VCHHK120 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Knowledge | Middle Ages and early exploration

• VCEBW017

  Describe the nature and investigate the influences on the work environment

  Elaborations

  • investigating present influences on the ways people work, such as technological change, outsourced labour in the global economy, rapid communication changes
  • identifying changes to the workforce over time, such as the jobs available, the way individuals or communities value particular work, career length and human resource development
  • predicting changes to work in the future and possible outcomes, for example, ‘What could be the effect of a changing attitude to work–life balance or the decline of some industries?’

  VCEBW017 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 7 and 8 | Work and Work Futures

• VCHHK109

  How physical features influenced the development of the civilisation

  Elaborations

  • Egypt
    • describing the importance of the River Nile to Egyptian society, for example, inundation and farming, the worship of Hapi (god of the Nile), and the use of the Nile as a means of transportation
  • Greece
    • describing the impact of the sea and mountain ranges of Ancient Greece on the development of self-governing city-states
  • Rome
    • mapping the geography of Rome’s River Tiber and the seven hills of Rome to explain reasons for the development of the city
    • describing the methods used by the Romans to manage resources, for example the water supply through aqueducts and plumbing systems
  • India
    • describing how harmonious relationships with the natural world were reflected in Indian belief systems, for example, Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism
    • creating a graphic representation of the extent of India as a political unit at this time, including for example its diverse climatic and geographical features, types and location of food production, areas of high and low density population
  • China
    • describing the significance of the Yellow River to irrigation and the impact of features such as the Himalayas on contacts with other societies, including trade

  VCHHK109 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Knowledge | Ancient world and early civilisations – 60 000 BC (BCE) – c.650 AD (CE)

• VCHHC104

  Evaluate the role and achievement of a significant individual, development and/or cultural achievement that led to progress

  Elaborations

  • asking questions like 'what makes this individual, development or achievement significant?', 'who decides historical significance?', 'how do you decide?', 'how significant was it to people who lived at that time?', 'how many people were affected?', 'to what extent were people’s lives changed?', 'how long lasting were the consequences?', 'how can the consequences still be felt today?' and 'what is its legacy?'
  • outlining the significance of a past event, providing reasons for the event and referring to relevant sources of evidence
  • developing criteria to evaluate significance
  • ranking individuals, their achievements, events on order of significance and justify choices
  • creating a concept map ranking the significant individuals, events, causes, effects, changes of Ancient Egypt

  VCHHC104 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Historical significance

• VCHHK117

  Significant causes and effects of developments and/or cultural achievements that reflect the concentration and/or expansion of wealth and power

  Elaborations

  • Vikings
    • mapping Viking expansion across Europe, weapons and shipbuilding, and the extent of their trade
    • describing Viking craft with particular emphasis on the production of weapons, for example swords, battle axes and helmets
    • outlining the key role of gods such as Odin, Thor, Frey and Freyja in Viking religion and the adoption of Christianity during the Viking period
    • investigating the construction of longboats and their role in exploration, including innovations in keel and sail design
    • describing evidence of Viking trade between Russia (Kiev) and the east (through Constantinople)
  • Medieval Europe
    • explaining the changing relations between Islam and the West (including the Crusades), analyse the causes and effects of the crusades
    • describing the features of castles and churches of the period, for example, Warwick Castle in England and Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, as examples of the Church’s power in terms of its control of wealth and labour
    • recognising that the medieval manuscripts of monastic scribes contributed to the survival of many ancient Greek and Roman literary texts
    • examining the religious nature of illuminated manuscripts and how they were the product of a complex and frequently costly process
    • listening to the Gregorian chants of Western Christianity and exploring how they reflect the nature and power of the Church in this period
  • Ottoman Empire
    • mapping the expanding power and influence of the Ottoman Empire, explain reasons for its development, such as the fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD (CE)
    • outlining inventions and developments in the Islamic world, for example, the astrolabe, public hospitals and libraries and their subsequent adoption in the Western world
    • describing Ottoman art and architecture, for example, the Selimiye Mosque in the city of Edirne in Turkey, and Islamic geometric design
  • Angkor/Khmer Empire
    • explaining how being revered as the ‘god-king’ or ‘deva-raja’ enabled the Khmer kings to rule over the empire with absolute authority, thereby enhancing their ability to mobilise manpower to defend the empire as well as to invade neighbours
    • describing the main features of the water management system at Angkor, for example, the extensive use of reservoirs and canals
    • investigating the significance of the archaeological site of Angkor Wat
  • Mongol Expansion
    • outlining Genghis Khan’s use of decimal organisation in his army and his policies for governing his empire, for example, codifying laws, banning the killing of animals in the breeding season, supporting religious freedom, and expanding trade
    • analysing the causes and effects of the Mongol expansion as one of the largest land empires in history, including life in China before, during and after the Mongol conquest
    • mapping the expansion of the Mongol empire across Asia and Europe
  • Japan under the Shoguns
    • discussing the role of the Tokugawa Shogunate in reimposing a feudal system (based on daimyo and samurai) and the increasing control of the Shogun over foreign trade
    • explain reasons why the Shogun controlled trade
    • explaining reasons for Japan’s closure to foreigners under the Tokugawa Shogunate and the impact of US Commodore Perry’s visit in 1853
    • explaining why the use and management of environmental resources in Shogunate Japan and the forestry and land use policies of the Tokugawa Shogunate were required
    • investigating the demand for available land and the patterns of land use in the period
    • outlining the attempts by the Tokugawa Shogunate to curb deforestation, for example imposing heavy regulations on farmers, managing the harvesting of trees, and using new, lighter and more efficient construction techniques
    • analysing the woodblock prints such as the ones created by Hokusai, geisha culture, and the development of the arts
  • Polynesian Expansion
    • locating Polynesia on a map, tracing the expansion of Polynesian settlers throughout the Pacific, and considering how they made their journeys
    • outlining different theories about the expansion, for example, west/east and east/west movement, the expansion as accidental versus intentional
    • investigating the cultural achievements of one Polynesian society, such as the Ta moko and hangi in Maori society or the moai constructed on Easter Island
    • investigating the construction of the moai (giant statues) on Easter Island (Rapa Nui), the techniques used to make and transport them, and theories about their meaning, for example, representations of dead ancestors or chiefs
  • Renaissance Italy
    • analysing the effects of the Black Death in causing the Renaissance
    • organising notes using a concept map or visual display of the significant developments and/or cultural achievements that reflect the concentration of wealth and power in the city-states, such as art and learning and the invention of the printing press
    • describing the work of Leonardo Da Vinci, for example, his artworks the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper and inventions including a rudimentary helicopter and solar power;
    • describing the work of Michelangelo for example, the Sistine Chapel paintings, David, Pieta
    • describing the thinking of Copernicus for example, seeing the sun as the centre of the universe (astronomy)
    • investigating learning in the Renaissance period, for example humanism, astrology, alchemy, the influence of ancient Greece and Rome
    • investigating the achievements of Galileo, for example improvements in the telescope and his astronomical observations
  • Spanish Conquest
    • analysing the causes of Spanish exploration and expansion including when, how and why the Spanish arrived in the Americas, and where they went, including the various societies and geographical features they encountered
    • explaining the arrival of Spanish conquistadores in Mexico and Peru from 1510 CE (Balboa) to 1531 (Pizarro), and their reasons, for example, seeking wealth, claiming land for their king, converting the local populations to Christianity, sense of adventure
    • explaining the siege of Tenochtitlan

  VCHHK117 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Knowledge | Middle Ages and early exploration

• VCHHK112

  Causes and effects of contacts and conflicts with other societies and/or peoples, resulting in developments such as expansion of trade, colonisation and war, and spread of beliefs

  Elaborations

  • Egypt
    • analysing the causes and effects of the rise and expansion of the Egyptian Empire
    • explaining the nature of contact with other societies, for example, trade with Cyprus, Crete and Greece, and conflict, such as the Battle of Kadesh in the New Kingdom that concluded with Rameses II’s peace treaty with the Hittites
  • Greece
    • analysing the causes and effects of the rise and expansion of the Greek Empire
    • explaining the nature of contact with other societies, for example, the commodities that formed the trade with Egypt, Greek colonisation of the Mediterranean, and conflict, for example, the Persian Wars and the Battle of Salamis, the empire of Alexander the Great and the reach of Greek culture
    • analysing the causes and effect of a conflict such as the Peloponnesian and Persian wars
  • Rome
    • analysing the causes and effects of the rise and expansion of the Roman Empire
    • describing the furthest expansion of the Roman Empire and the influence of foreign cults on Roman religious beliefs and practices (for example the Pantheon of Gods (Greece), Isis (Egypt) and Mithras (Persia)
    • reading accounts of contacts between Rome and Asian societies in the ancient period, for example, the visit of Chinese and Indian envoys to Rome in the time of Augustus, as described by the Roman historian Florus
  • India
    • analysing the causes of the rise of the Mauryan Empire (including its material remains), and the spread of philosophies and beliefs
    • examining the extent of Indian contact with other societies such as the Persians under Cyrus, the Macedonians under Alexander; the extensive trade with the Romans and Chinese, the material remains of the Mauryan Empire such as the Pillars of Ashoka and the Barabar Caves, the spread of Hinduism and Buddhism
  • China
    • analysing the causes and effects of the rise and expansion of the Chinese Empire
    • explaining the rise of imperial China, for example, the use of chariot warfare and the adoption of mass infantry armies, the building of the first phase of the Great Wall of China, military strategies as codified in Sun Tzu’s The Art of War

  VCHHK112 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Knowledge | Ancient world and early civilisations – 60 000 BC (BCE) – c.650 AD (CE)

• VCHHK105

  How physical or geographical features influenced the development of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ communities, foundational stories and land management practices

  Elaborations

  • creating a map overlay of Australian physical features and language groups of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and discuss the interconnection and relationships to land observed by different groups
  • discussing how and why Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have kept their cultural heritage alive by passing their knowledge, arts, rituals and performances through generations
  • using a variety of Dreaming creation stories from different location across Australia. Identify and describe similarities and differences in the stories
  • exploring the meaning and use of fire as a practical tool in hunting, cooking, warmth and managing the landscape.
  • examining historical interpretations of land management, laying out their burn patterns as a method of converting land to grasslands; predict plant growth, for maintenance of plants to attract animals for hunting and the prevention of larger uncontrollable destructive fires

  VCHHK105 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Knowledge | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and cultures

• VCEBR011

  Examine the ways consumers and producers respond to and influence each other in the market, particularly through price mechanism

  Elaborations

  • investigating how consumers rely on businesses to meet their needs and wants
  • identifying and creating a list of who is involved in the market system in Australia
  • explaining the influence of buyers and sellers on prices and how markets enable the distribution and allocation of resources, including examining how businesses answer questions of what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce
  • examining how businesses respond to the demands of consumers, such as preferences for healthy options, environmentally friendly packaging or organic food
  • considering how consumers might influence producers in other countries to provide goods and services, such as those in the Asia region
  • describing how goods and services are produced

  VCEBR011 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 7 and 8 | Resource Allocation and Making Choices

• VCHHC098

  Describe and explain the broad patterns of change over the period from the Ancient to the Modern World

  Elaborations

  • using the evidence for the emergence and establishment of ancient societies, including art, iconography, writing tools and pottery
  • describing key features of ancient societies, for example, farming, trade, social classes, religion, rule of law
  • explaining the transformation of the Roman world and the spread of Christianity and Islam
  • explaining key features of the medieval world, for example, feudalism, trade routes, voyages of discovery, contact and conflict
  • locating the major trading routes, including the Mediterranean; the Silk Road; the sea route between China, India and the east coast of Africa, and the Columbian Exchange, on a map and identifying the nature of the trade/contact, for example, slaves, spices, silk, glassware, spread of knowledge and diseases along the Silk Road
  • explaining the emergence of ideas about the world and the place of people in it by the end of the period, for example, the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

  VCHHC098 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Chronology

• VCGGK125

  The reasons for and effects of internal migration in Australia and China

  Elaborations

  • identifying and explaining the main types, patterns and trends of internal migration in Australia. For example, employment, lifestyle and retirement migration
  • examining the effects of resource development in Australia on employment growth in both the resource regions and the cities, and on internal migration
  • explaining why changes in the spatial distribution of population are a good indicator of economic and social change in a country
  • examining the role of labour migration in the urban development of China. For example, the growth of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province
  • exploring the issues relating to China’s ‘floating population’

  VCGGK125 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Changing nations

• VCGGK115

  Strategies used to enhance the liveability of places, especially for young people, including examples from Australia and Europe

  Elaborations

  • researching methods implemented in Australia and Europe to improve the liveability of a place, and evaluating their applicability to their own locality
  • developing a specific proposal to improve an aspect of the liveability of their place, taking into account the needs of diverse groups in the community, including, for example, young people through fieldwork in the local recreation area or Traditional Owners by developing bilingual signage or indigenous garden projects
  • discussing the impact of increasing housing density on the liveability of places, and on their environmental sustainability

  VCGGK115 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Place and liveability

• VCGGK119

  Human causes of landscape degradation, the effects on landscape quality and the implications for places

  Elaborations

  • analysing the effects of erosion and sedimentation produced by human activities on landscape quality, including farming and recreation
  • examining the effects of mining and quarrying, and urban development, on landscape quality and how this affects places
  • describing the effects of river regulation, including dams, locks, channel straightening and drains, on riverine and wetland landscape quality
  • investigating the effects on coastal landscape quality of the built elements of places. For example, urban development, marinas and sea walls
  • investigating the ways introduced plants or animals or activities such as mining affect landscape quality and examining the effects on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities

  VCGGK119 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Landforms and landscapes

• VCEBC014

  Explain the reasons why and the ways in which individuals and businesses set, prioritise and plan to achieve financial and organisational goals

  Elaborations

  • prioritising short-term personal financial objectives and identifying how these objectives can be achieved, for example, through developing a budget and having a savings plan
  • explaining the need for setting long-term personal financial objectives and listing ways of achieving these objectives, for example, investment, superannuation or savings
  • explaining how financial records such as income statements, budgets and cash flow inform business decision-making

  VCEBC014 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 7 and 8 | Consumer and Financial Literacy

• VCHHC102

  Identify and explain patterns of continuity and change in society to the way of life

  Elaborations

  • listing the changes to everyday life in Ancient Egypt and rank in order of the most to the least significant. Justifying the argument using sources of evidence
  • creating a timeline that identifies changes and continuities in Japan under the Shoguns. Observe patterns of the influence of ideas, events, movements and individuals on these changes
  • using chronologies to observe and identify patterns where changes or continuities have occurred in Medieval Europe
  • organising changes in Early China into conditional factors and/or rank them according to the significance of the change
  • develop language to describe and explain change

  VCHHC102 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Continuity and change

• VCEBE019

  Identify relationships and trends, and generate a range of alternatives for an economic or business issue or event, evaluating the potential costs and benefits of each alternative and the consequences of proposed actions

  Elaborations

  • interpreting tables, charts and graphs containing economic or business data to identify trends and using the data to make predictions about future trends, for example, trends in online shopping
  • examining the trade-offs involved in making choices
  • investigating how businesses identify opportunities in the market
  • undertaking a cost-benefit analysis of alternatives proposed and making a decision about which one to recommend
  • discussing the consequences of an economic or business decision, and reflecting on whether this was the ‘best’ decision and what might be the effect of alternative actions
  • developing skills to contest and debate ideas and to express opinions on economics and business issues that interest and/or affect them or society

  VCEBE019 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 7 and 8 | Economic and Business Reasoning and Interpretation

• VCGGK120

  Spiritual, cultural and aesthetic value of landscapes and landforms for people, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, that influence the significance of places, and ways of protecting significant landscapes

  Elaborations

  • discussing the significance of landscapes in literature, song/music, film, art and identity
  • analysing the role of landforms and landscapes in tourism. For example, Uluru in Australia or the Grand Canyon in the USA
  • exploring the multilayered meanings (material, cultural and spiritual wellbeing) associated with landscapes and landforms by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
  • identifying different views about the recreational, psychological, aesthetic and spiritual value of particular environments and about the nature and extent of their protection, and discussing how this links to ideas about environmental sustainability
  • investigating a significant landscape that is threatened by human activities and developing a proposal for the future of the landscape that takes account of the views of the diverse groups, including Traditional Owners, with an interest in its use or protection

  VCGGK120 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Landforms and landscapes

• VCGGK108

  Nature of water scarcity and the role of humans in creating and overcoming it, including studies drawn from Australia and West Asia and/or North Africa

  Elaborations

  • investigating the causes of water scarcity. For example, an absolute shortage of water (physical), inadequate development of water resources (economics), or the way water is used
  • comparing the effectiveness in reducing water scarcity of methods that increase the supply of water (such as recycling waste water, stormwater harvesting and re-use, desalination and inter-regional transfer of water) with methods that reduce the demand for water (such as pricing, changing the use of water and water restrictions)
  • examining why water is a difficult resource to manage. For example, difficulties in accounting for its economic value, its competing uses and variability of supply over time and space
  • explaining why some land use management practices such as land cleaning and some farming practices have adversely affected water supply

  VCGGK108 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Water in the world

• VCHHK106

  The significant beliefs, values and practices of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and cultures including trade with other communities, causes and effects of warfare, and death and funerary customs

  Elaborations

  • inviting a local elder to conduct a smoking ceremony and Welcome to Country
  • explaining why different language and tribal groups have different beliefs. Compare and contrast their understandings of creation beings, ancestral beings, and totemic beings
  • explaining the purpose of ceremonies of initiation of boys and girls and funeral ceremonies
  • identifying reasons for trade between tribes and explain that trading via overland pathways and songlines was a method of sharing resources and a form of social control and law, respect for others boundaries, marriage arrangements, sharing the Dreaming, songs, rituals and settling disputes

  VCHHK106 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Knowledge | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and cultures