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• VCEBR022

  Explain the links between economic performance and living standards, including the variations that exist within and between economies, and give reasons for the possible causes of variations

  Elaborations

  • comparing Australia’s resource base with another economy and exploring how this may influence trading relationships, for example, why does a particular economy manufacture electronic goods, while another focuses on mining?
  • locating a range of products in the local shopping centre that were produced overseas, and proposing reasons why they were not produced in Australia
  • mapping the global supply chain for a product to identify the participants in the chain
  • defining ‘living standards’, discussing why it is considered the ultimate goal for economic activity and explaining its relationship to economic performance
  • investigating economic performance and living standards and discussing how they can mean different things to different people and countries
  • investigating the ways living standards can be measured, for example, gross domestic product (GDP), Human Development Index (HDI) or total quality of life index
  • identifying policy options designed to improve living standards, such as education, training and workforce development, taxation, migration, government spending on health and infrastructure, environmental policies

  VCEBR022 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Resource Allocation and Making Choices

• VCHHK136

  Patterns of continuity and change and their effects on influencing movements of people, ways of life and living conditions, political and legal institutions, and cultural expression around the turn of the twentieth century

  Elaborations

  • Australia
    • using sources to examine the living and working conditions in Australia around the turn of the twentieth century (that is 1900)
    • identifying the main features of housing, sanitation, transport, education and industry that influenced living and working conditions in Australia
    • describing the impact of the gold rushes in the hinterland on the development of ‘Marvellous Melbourne’
  • Asia
    • describing the British Raj and the forms of British influence in India, for example, the building of roads, an extensive railway network, schools and Christian missions
    • describing how increasing foreign influence and imperialism was challenging and changing Imperial China and society through trade, railway networks, missionaries, foreign concessions in cities such as Shanghai
    • describing how increasing trade, modernisation expansions and nationalism in Japan were influencing change to everyday life in Japan, the fall of the Shogun and the Meiji Restoration

  VCHHK136 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The making of the modern world | Australia and Asia

• VCHHC126

  Identify and evaluate patterns of continuity and change in the development of the modern world and Australia

  Elaborations

  • using sources of evidence (perspectives and interpretations) to identify continuity and changes during Australia at the turn of the twentieth century
  • using chronologies to observe and identify patterns where changes or continuities have occurred during the Industrial Revolution, way of living and political conditions and Australia after World War II.
  • identifying the significant changes during the Industrial Revolution and rank them in order of significance. Explain ranking and discuss differences
  • organising changes of everyday life into conditional factors and/or rank them according to the significance of the change
  • describing and explaining change such as the quality of change, the types of change, and the impact of change

  VCHHC126 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Continuity and change

• VCGGK139

  Perceptions people have of place, and how this influences their connections to different places

  Elaborations

  • comparing people's perception and use of places and spaces in their local area, such as different age groups
  • investigating how people in places in other countries perceive, use and are connected to their place and space

  VCGGK139 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Geographies of interconnection

• VCCCC038

  Examine the influence of a range of media, including social media, in shaping identities and attitudes to diversity and how ideas about Australian identity may be influenced by global events

  Elaborations

  • analysing how media represent different groups in Australian society and assessing the impact those representations have on community cohesiveness, for example, a human rights campaign that uses social media
  • examining stories of how Australian citizens' perspectives on their role in the global community have been influenced by their experiences of living and working in other countries
  • debating the concepts of ‘global identity’ and ‘global citizenship’ and their implications for Australian citizens

  VCCCC038 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Citizenship, Diversity and Identity

• VCHHK133

  Key social, cultural, economic, and political features of one society at the start of the period

  Elaborations

  • Australia
    • examining the different contexts of the colonies of Australia and explain their influences
    • investigating the founding of Melbourne and the features of Port Phillip District/Victoria
    • analysing and evaluating the effects of Gold on Victoria using a graphic organiser
  • Asia
    • investigating ONE Asian society such as China, Japan, India, Dutch East Indies at the start of the period
    • identifying the territorial extent of Qing China, the role and influence of the Emperor, and the nature of literature, art and architecture at the time
    • describing the impacts of the Industrial revolution on Japan’s isolation and changing economy

  VCHHK133 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The making of the modern world | Australia and Asia

• VCHHK154

  Significance of the following events in changing society: 1962 right to vote federally, 1967 Referendum, Reconciliation, Mabo decision, Bringing Them Home Report (the Stolen Generations), the Apology and the different perspectives of these events

  Elaborations

  • describing the aims, tactics and outcomes of a particular event in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ struggle for rights and freedoms

  VCHHK154 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The modern world and Australia | Rights and freedoms (1945 – the present)

• VCCCG029

  Explain the values and key features of Australia’s system of government compared with at least one other system of government in the Asia region

  Elaborations

  • categorising the key features of Australia’s system of government, for example democratic elections and the separation of powers, and comparing and contrasting these to the key features found in another country in the Asia region, such as Japan, India or Indonesia
  • interviewing people with connections to a country in the Asia region to compare the values they associate with the system of government in that country, with those of Australia

  VCCCG029 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Government and Democracy

• VCEBC023

  Explain why and describe how people manage financial risks and rewards in the current Australian and global financial landscape

  Elaborations

  • identifying financial risks such as scams and identity theft and considering strategies to avoid these
  • explaining the role of banks and other deposit-taking institutions, such as credit unions or building societies, in collecting deposits, pooling savings and lending them to individuals and business
  • debating the difference between good and bad debt, how to manage debt, the risks of over-indebtedness, and the importance of having a savings buffer
  • identifying ways consumers can protect themselves from risks, for example, through insurances, savings and superannuation

  VCEBC023 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Consumer and Financial Literacy

• VCGGK134

  Environmental, economic and technological factors that influence crop yields in Australia and across the world

  Elaborations

  • investigating the environmental constraints on agricultural production in Australia, such as soil moisture, water resources and soils, and the extent to which agricultural innovations have overcome them
  • investigating how high crop yields around the world (for example from wheat, rice and maize) are related to factors such as irrigation, accessibility, labour supply, landforms and agricultural technologies, such as high yielding varieties
  • using the concept of soil moisture budget to examine the spatial and seasonal quantity of soil moisture available for agriculture in different places in Australia

  VCGGK134 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Biomes and food security

• VCHHC123

  Analyse and corroborate sources and evaluate their accuracy, usefulness and reliability

  Elaborations

  • developing a set of questions that support student’s analysis of sources
  • recognising the role of ICT in providing access to sources and the need to ask relevant questions of those sources, for example, a Google search for ‘significance of Kokoda’
  • identifying literal and symbolic features of sources and explain their purpose and inferences
  • understanding that the reliability and usefulness of a source depends on the questions asked of it, for example, an account may be one-sided and therefore of use in revealing past prevailing attitudes. Discuss the reliability and usefulness of Martin Luther King’s 1963 ‘I Have A Dream’ speech as a source to assist in understanding the aims and motivations of the US Civil Rights movement
  • corroborating a range of historical sources identifying similarities, differences and inconsistencies

  VCHHC123 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Historical sources as evidence

• VCCCL033

  Describe the key features of Australia’s court system, including jurisdictions and how courts apply and interpret the law, resolve disputes and make law through judgments, and describe the role of the High Court in interpreting the Constitution

  Elaborations

  • creating a visual representation of the court jurisdictions in Australia
  • categorising sample cases in relation to the courts in which they would be heard, for example cases from criminal, consumer, family, human rights and environmental law
  • describing the role of a particular court, for example a supreme court, a magistrates court, or the Family Court of Australia
  • analysing how court judgments impact on the development of law, for example the role of precedents
  • examining the jurisdiction of the High Court
  • investigating an example of a High Court judgment in interpreting and applying Australian law, such as the Mabo decision

  VCCCL033 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Laws and Citizens

• VCHHK146

  Significant places where Australians fought and their perspectives and experiences in these places

  Elaborations

  • explaining the significance of Kokoda as the battle that halted the Japanese advance on Port Moresby and helped foster the Anzac legend
  • using historical perspectives comparing the experiences of Australians during World War II, such as Prisoners of War (POWs), the Battle of Britain, Kokoda, the Fall of Singapore

  VCHHK146 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The modern world and Australia | Australia at war (1914 – 1945): World War II

• VCGGK149

  Application of environmental economic and social criteria in evaluating management responses to an environmental change, and the predicted outcomes and further consequences of management responses on the environment and places, comparing examples from Australia and at least one other country

  Elaborations

  • explaining how communities and governments attempt to balance environmental, economic and social criteria in decisions on environmental programs, and the extent to which there can be trade-offs between them
  • debating the practical and ethical dilemmas of national and international conservation programs aimed at the environmental change being investigated

  VCGGK149 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Environmental change and management

• VCGGK151

  Reasons and consequences for spatial variations in human wellbeing on a regional scale within India or another country of the Asia region; and on a local scale in Australia

  Elaborations

  • examining spatial data on human wellbeing in India to identify the regions with different levels of wellbeing, identifying patterns and debating explanations of the differences
  • examining how a person’s wellbeing is influenced by where they live, with reference to at least two different scales in a country of the Asia region
  • researching spatial differences in the wellbeing of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population across Australia, and the extent to which these differences depend on how wellbeing is measured
  • explaining the spatial pattern of human wellbeing in Australia at a local scale, such as within a city or region, and its causes

  VCGGK151 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Geographies of human wellbeing

• VCGGC129

  Identify, analyse and explain significant interconnections within places and between places over time and at different scales, and evaluate the resulting changes and further consequences

  Elaborations

  • evaluating the effects of international demand for food products on biodiversity throughout the world, in the places of their production
  • using the concept of a system to examine the interconnections between biophysical processes and the human actions, and their underlying causes, that generate environmental change, together with the consequences of these changes
  • identifying the biomes in Australia and overseas that produce some of the foods and plant material people consume and ways that the production of food and fibre has altered some biomes through, for example, vegetation clearance
  • examining how a person’s wellbeing is influenced by where they live, with reference to at least two different scales in a country of the Asia region
  • exploring how transport networks operate to connect people to services, including how supply chain logistics influence these connections

  VCGGC129 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCHHK131

  Different experiences and perspectives of individuals or groups and how ideas, beliefs and values changed during the significant events of the Industrial Revolution

  Elaborations

  • describing the effects of steam, gas and electricity on people’s way of life during the Industrial Revolution
  • investigating the changes in working conditions, for example, longer working hours for low pay and the use of children as a cheap source of labour
  • investigating the support for Chartism among the poorer classes as a response to deteriorating living and working conditions
  • explaining how religious groups responded to the ideas in Charles Darwin’s 1859 book On the Origin of Species
  • investigating sources that record the reactions of new arrivals to other countries in this period, for example, responses to the natural environment and climate

  VCHHK131 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The making of the modern world | Industrial Revolution (1750 – 1914)

• VCHHK138

  Position of the society in relation to other nations in the world by 1918 including the effects of ideas and movements of people

  Elaborations

  • Australia
    • investigating the type of society in Australia ‘Working Man’s Paradise’, ‘Social Laboratory’
    • investigating how the major social legislation of the new Federal Government affected living and working conditions in Australia, for example Legislation 1901–1914, including the Harvester Judgment, Immigration Restriction Act, invalid and old-age pensions and the maternity allowance scheme, Defence Acts
  • Asia
    • analysing the causes of collapse of the Qing and the 1911 Revolution. Discuss reasons why there was increasing demand for Indian independence and self-government and the founding of the Indian Congress Party
    • investigating Japan’s increased expansion into China, the signing of the ‘Twenty-one Demands’ in 1915 and territorial gains as a result of the Treaty of Versailles

  VCHHK138 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The making of the modern world | Australia and Asia

• VCEBE028

  Generate a range of viable options, taking into account multiple perspectives, use simple cost-benefit analysis to recommend and justify a course of action, and predict the intended and unintended consequences of economic and business decisions

  Elaborations

  • examining the trade-offs businesses may need to consider, including social consequences, when determining methods to improve their productivity, for example, when employing more staff compared with up-skilling existing staff or replacing staff with technology or outsourcing work to overseas countries
  • evaluating the costs and benefits of different alternatives
  • using a range of criteria (social, economic, environmental) to select and justify a preferred option
  • using a range of strategies to help decide on a potential major purchase, for example, a car, by investigating options, calculating the costs of different purchasing methods and estimating the long-term costs and benefits of owning the asset and repaying the debt
  • discussing the outcomes of a decision, identifying those that were intended and unintended, and reflecting on strategies that may address the unintended consequences

  VCEBE028 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Economic and Business Reasoning and Interpretation

• VCGGK152

  Different ways of measuring and mapping human wellbeing and development, and how these can be applied to measure differences between places

  Elaborations

  • examining and comparing different concepts of human wellbeing, including those held by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
  • identifying and evaluating different ways of measuring wellbeing, such as per capita income or the UN Human Development Index, and applying them to investigate spatial variations in human wellbeing and comparing the results from different measures
  • examining the United Nations Millennium Development Goals and their relationship to human wellbeing
  • identifying trends in human wellbeing in countries over time

  VCGGK152 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Geographies of human wellbeing