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• VCVIU033

  Understand how the Vietnamese language has evolved and how it continues to change over time and from place to place due to processes such as globalisation and migration, and the influence of technology and popular culture

  Elaborations

  • understanding that languages and cultures change continuously in response to new ideas, social change and technological development
  • explaining Vietnamese words, phrases and concepts that have emerged as a result of technological development, for example, máy vi tính xách tay, nhấp chuột, điện thoại thông minh, nhật ký điện tử, đồ điều khiển từ xa, trò chơi trực tuyến
  • exploring how globalisation has resulted in the use of English words and expressions in Vietnamese, and discussing the advantages/disadvantages of this influence, for example, the use of English technological terms such as ‘CD’, ‘DVD’, ‘USB’, ‘video’, ‘TV’, ‘remote control’, ‘computer’, ‘laptop’, ‘internet’ and ‘website’ in spite of the existence of Vietnamese equivalents
  • examining how how new words and concepts have entered the Vietnamese language as a result of processes such as migration and international travel, for example, bảo lãnh, hộ chiếu, thị thực nhập cảnh, di dân, định cư, hội nhập, quốc tịch, thường trú nhân
  • analysing the influence of popular culture on Vietnamese language use in Vietnam and in Vietnamese-speaking communities outside Vietnam, including Australia, such as the development of new vocabulary, for example, phong cách/thời trang Hàn quốc, truyện tranh Nhật Bản, nhạc RIB/hiphop

  VCVIU033 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCVIC025

  Translate and interpret texts from Vietnamese into English and vice versa, compare different versions of translations, explore differences and identify strategies to overcome challenges in translation

  Elaborations

  • explaining the terms used to describe common features of schooling in Vietnam, for example, terms related to the curriculum or to assessment and reporting, such as chương trình, sách giáo khoa, bài kiểm tra, học bạ, bằng cấp, and comparing these with similar terms used for Australian schooling
  • translating simple school documents into Vietnamese, considering language choices and cultural expressions to suit a particular audience, such as Vietnamese parents
  • translating and interpreting short texts, such as announcements, advertisements, articles, reports, or extracts from stories or films, considering audience and context, and reflecting on how cultural elements are encoded in common words and expressions, for example, use of family terms, titles, and terms of address such as anh, chị, cô, chú, tôi and em
  • interpreting and translating a range of texts from English into Vietnamese and vice versa, using and evaluating translation resources such as web-based translation tools and print and digital dictionaries
  • comparing and discussing various translations (including print and electronic translations, own and peers’ translation work) of common words, phrases, expressions and texts, explaining the reasons for possible differences and similarities, selecting the most appropriate version and negotiating any necessary adjustment
  • identifying and applying translation strategies used in bilingual texts to manage the translation of difficult words and concepts or instances of non-equivalence, for example, expanding descriptions or explanations, providing examples to assist meaning, or connecting to context to identify the appropriate meaning if a word can have different meanings or interpretations, for example, cà phê đậm (‘strong coffee’) but người khỏe mạnh (‘a strong person’); thời tiết nóng nực (‘hot weather’), vấn đề gây tranh cãi (‘a hot issue’) and khu vực nguy hiểm (‘a hot zone’)
  • examining and interpreting idiomatic expressions, for example, đẻ bọc điều, có chí thì nên, dạy con từ thuở còn thơ, including expressions that cannot be translated literally and culturally specific terms such as chữ hiếu, tôn sư trọng đạo, and discussing possible equivalent terms in English

  VCVIC025 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCVIU187

  Understand the relationship between purpose, audience, context, linguistic features, and textual and cultural elements associated with different types of personal, reflective, informative and persuasive texts

  Elaborations

  • analysing how language choices help achieve particular purposes and effects, for example, descriptive language to promote a product, evaluative language to reflect on an experience or to review a literary work, persuasive language to influence audience, or humorous techniques to entertain
  • recognising and explaining cultural aspects reflected in a range of texts, including multimodal and digital texts, such as school reports, weather reports, official announcements, television programs, or recipes, particularly in the use of idiomatic expressions or proverbs
  • identifying appropriate salutations, depending on personal relationship or social ranking, in specific text types such as emails, speeches or interviews, for example, Kính thưa … /Thưa … , …thân mến/thương mến, kính chào/chào …
  • understanding and transforming texts to suit different purposes (to persuade, to entertain), different audiences (children, adolescents, Vietnamese people, Australians) and different types of texts (an article, a report, speech)
  • understanding the importance of choosing a text type appropriate to their audience and purpose, for example, a speech to persuade Year 8 students to choose Vietnamese as their elective in Year 9, or an article to express own opinions on the impact of technology on teenagers
  • recognising and analysing similarities or differences that might be culturally significant across cultures, for example, similarities such as the use of the heart as a symbol of love or pigeons as a symbol of peace, and differences such as the use of the colour white to signify purity in Western cultures but bad luck in Eastern cultures
  • recognising and discussing cultural concepts or values reflected in texts, for example, cultural icons used in commercial advertisements
  • identifying language features and cultural references that contribute to the overall meaning or purpose of texts, for example, a rhetorical question such as Chẳng lẽ chúng ta chịu bó tay sao? to call for action, or truyền thống tôn sư trọng đạo to promote the value of education

  VCVIU187 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIC028

  Reflect on own sense of identity and discuss ways in which identity is expressed in intercultural communication

  Elaborations

  • discussing how being bilingual allows them to present ‘self’ to others in particular ways, for example, as ‘Vietnamese’ or ‘Vietnamese Australian’
  • reflecting on the role of language in expressing identity, considering when, with whom and why they use different languages and whether their own identity changes when they use different languages
  • observing how they communicate with one another, their teachers and families, noticing if there are any changes in the way they see themselves in different contexts, for example, Khi nói chuyện với gia đình tôi cảm thấy mình là người Việt nhưng khi nói chuyện với bạn bè tôi lại cảm thấy mình là người Úc
  • reflecting on choices made to present self to others in particular ways when interacting across cultures, noticing differences in the way they communicate, think and behave in different contexts

  VCVIC028 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCVIC179

  Explore a range of traditional and contemporary forms of art, literature and entertainment, by analysing values, purposes and language techniques, and discussing issues and themes

  Elaborations

  • viewing and/or listening to different forms of traditional and contemporary Vietnamese arts and entertainment, such as painting, photography, (water) puppetry, dance, music, theatre and cinema, and discussing how practices and beliefs may have changed over time, for example, comparing tranh dân gian Đông Hồ with tranh sơn dầu; dân ca with nhạc trẻ; cải lương/ kịch with phim; and trò chơi dân gian with trò chơi điện tử
  • discussing common features of forms of entertainment, for example, analysing technical effects such as sound effects and background music, lighting, scenery, costumes or make-up, and narrative effects such as what makes an engaging plot and inspiring characters
  • comparing how common themes such as love, friendship, beauty, home, happiness and success are represented in traditional and contemporary Vietnamese arts and entertainment
  • recognising how characters’ feelings and attitudes are expressed through language, such as use of language features such as emotive language, for example, hạnh phúc, vui mừng, phấn khởi, buồn bã, cô đơn, xót xa, bồi hồi
  • discussing with peers how social context and cultural values influence a writer’s representation of issues and topics, for example, how the author’s background or concept of filial piety shapes the characters’ reactions and decisions in regard to their relationships
  • comparing the values, beliefs, attitudes, emotions and language of characters in traditional and contemporary Vietnamese arts and entertainment, analysing how values have changed over time and explaining possible reasons for these changes, for example, contrasting the original story Sự Tích Ông Táo with its modern comedy version
  • analysing the use of images, sounds, gestures and language in songs, films and performances to explain how they convey Vietnamese cultural values and practices

  VCVIC179 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCVIU031

  Analyse the relationship between context, purpose and audience, language features and cultural elements associated with different types of texts in actual or online contexts

  Elaborations

  • exploring different samples of particular types of texts, such as recounts, reports and advertisements, and analysing the relationships between audience, purpose, context and language features to predict the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary
  • exploring the ways in which content is developed in different types of texts, and how ideas and information are sequenced, for example, headings, paragraphing, topic sentences, elaborations, and topic/idea shifts
  • identifying and comparing language features of different text types, for example, the use of first person (mình/tôi), descriptive (trẻ trung/xinh đẹp/thông minh/hiền lành/dịu dàng) and emotive language (buồn bã/hoang mang/vui mừng/hạnh phúc) in personal recounts and diary entries
  • recognising linguistic choices made according to the text’s intended audience and degree of formality, for example, changing personal pronouns or tone to indicate changes in relationship between participants or degree of (in)formality
  • analysing how language choices help achieve particular purposes and effects, for example, descriptive language to promote a product, evaluative language to reflect on an experience or to review a literary work, persuasive language to influence audience, or humorous techniques to entertain
  • understanding the use of text conventions such as culturally appropriate salutations and forms of address (depending on relationship or social status) in specific text types such as letters, speeches or interviews, for example, kính thưa/thưa/thân mến/thương mến/kính chào/chào
  • understanding that texts have different purposes (to persuade, to entertain), different audiences (children, adolescents, Vietnamese or Australian people) and different structures and formats (diary entry, blog post, formal letter, interview, report, speech)

  VCVIU031 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIU185

  Understand the role of pronunciation, pauses, pace, intonation, fluency and appropriate writing conventions in effective communication and apply this knowledge to own interactions

  Elaborations

  • recognising and using rhythm in complex sentences, using pauses and intonation to signal clause boundaries and emphasis, for example, Con thích cái áo mà mẹ tặng cho con hôm sinh nhật vừa rồi
  • recognising the challenges of communication associated with clarity and pace in audio texts in certain situations, for example, station or airport announcements or recorded phone messages
  • recognising that tone of voice can indicate the relationship between the speakers, convey emotion and shape meaning, for example, distinguishing between a compliment and irony in the exclamatory sentence Hôm nay em đến sớm thế!
  • applying knowledge of pronunciation, intonation, tone and pace to own use of spoken Vietnamese for a range of social interactions, for example, asking questions or expressing emotions such as happiness, sadness, surprise or excitement
  • identifying the people and factors that influence their own Vietnamese language use and speech patterns, such as parents, teachers, peers and films

  VCVIU185 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIU188

  Analyse and explain how and why language use varies according to cultural contexts, relationships and purposes

  Elaborations

  • identifying and analysing variations in language use (choice of vocabulary and structures) between diverse participants, for example, old people and teenagers, males and females, educated and uneducated people, in a range of different interactions
  • analysing and comparing language use in a range of blogs, interviews or transcripts of speeches to deduce the age, gender, interests or educational level of the audience
  • understanding the importance of adapting own language use for different audiences or degrees of formality, for example, moving from informal (mẹ ơi/ông ơi/bà ơi) to respectful tone (thưa mẹ/kính thưa ông bà), or simple (lòng thương người) to sophisticated (lòng nhân ái) vocabulary/structures
  • discussing variations in language use in Vietnamese traditional and contemporary literature, arts and entertainment relating to the same theme or topic, and analysing how language changes (with regard to vocabulary and structures) in different settings and contexts
  • comparing own written language use in various modes of communication and for a range of purposes, for example, text messages, online chatting, emailing or doing schoolwork, and reflecting on how and why the writing style differs and considering the effect on meaning

  VCVIU188 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCVIC023

  Respond to a range of traditional and contemporary forms of art and entertainment, and imaginative and creative texts, including digital texts, describing and discussing themes, values, plot and representations of characters and events, and expressing preferences

  Elaborations

  • recognising and discussing different forms of Vietnamese art and entertainment, such as painting, photography, (water) puppetry, dance, music, theatre, television and cinema
  • comparing traditional and contemporary Vietnamese art and entertainment, for example, comparing tranh dân gian Đông Hồ with tranh sơn dầu, dân ca with nhạc trẻ, kịch with phim, or trò chơi dân gianwith trò chơi điện tử, to identify how social and cultural practices may have changed or been maintained over time, for example, wedding ceremonies or birthday/New Year celebrations
  • listening to, viewing or reading texts such as novels, memoirs, songs, films and performances, discussing the main characters and events, and the key messages and beliefs, and examining how language is used to help reveal the characters’ attitudes or views
  • responding to events and characters in imaginative texts by, for example, writing a diary entry or blog reflecting on an event in a story or film, or conducting an imaginary interview with a character in a story or film
  • describing key messages, values and beliefs in traditional texts in Vietnamese, such as legends, fables, folk tales or humorous stories, and comparing these with similar texts in English, for example, comparing the Vietnamese folk tale Tấm Cám with the English version Cinderella, and discussing the reasons behind similar and different moral values, practices and beliefs
  • discussing with peers how social context and cultural values influence a writer’s representation of issues and topics, for example, how the author’s background or concept of filial piety shapes the characters’ reactions and decisions in regard to their relationships, making connections with personal experiences

  VCVIC023 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCVIU190

  Understand the reciprocal relationship between language, culture and communication and how this relationship impacts on attitudes and beliefs

  Elaborations

  • exploring how cultural concepts such as respect for authority influence Vietnamese communicative practices, for example, not making eye contact when interacting with others, and not expressing differing personal views to elderly people, and how these may be misinterpreted by English speakers as lack of engagement or initiative
  • examining the influence of Vietnamese culture on gestures, tone and word choices in social interactions, for example, the practice of using family terms (chú, bác) to indicate informality when addressing an unrelated person reflects the value and importance placed on family in Vietnamese culture
  • identifying ways to enhance mutual cultural understanding, such as using cultural behaviours appropriately according to audience and context of communication, for example, making eye contact when talking to Australians but not when talking to elderly Vietnamese people
  • comparing how the same practice, concept or value is represented differently in different contexts and types of texts due to changes in attitudes and views, for example, how the concept of filial piety (chữ hiếu) is reflected in Vietnamese opera (cải lương) and in contemporary Vietnamese films, and in folk and contemporary literature
  • exploring significant values, practices and beliefs of other cultures, including those from other Asian cultures, that are reflected in different forms of media such as the internet, arts and entertainment, and stories
  • exploring how learning and using Vietnamese has impacted on own view of Vietnamese culture and other cultures, including their understanding of the role of culture in respecting and sustaining the environment

  VCVIU190 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCVIU032

  Identify and analyse linguistic features of Vietnamese that vary according to purpose and relationships

  Elaborations

  • recognising how language use, such as level of politeness, reflects the relationship between participants and the purpose of the speaker or writer, for example, close friends tend to use informal language (tao, mày) while new acquaintances use more formal language (tôi, bạn)
  • identifying and analysing variations in language use, such as choice of vocabulary and structures, between diverse participants (for example, older people and teenagers, males and females, educated and uneducated people) in a range of different interactions
  • recognising and explaining changes in purpose, attitude or relationship that are revealed through variations in language use such as tone or communicative practices, for example, parents addressing children as con, con cưng, con yêu quý during harmonious times together but as mày during times of conflict
  • analysing how a writer or speaker may vary tone to create different effects on an audience, for example, Mẹ không được xem lén nhật ký của con! versus Mẹ không nên xem lén nhật ký của con như vậy, or Sao con dám nói chuyện với ba mẹ như vậy? versus Sao con có thể nói chuyện với ba mẹ như vậy?
  • comparing and discussing language use in a range of blogs, interviews or transcripts of speeches to determine the target age, gender, social status or educational level of the audience
  • recognising variations in language use in traditional and contemporary Vietnamese entertainment and texts (kịch, cải lương, truyện cổ tích versus phim, thơ, truyện ngắn), including vocabulary, structures, modes of expression and cultural elements

  VCVIU032 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCVIC019

  Participate in planning and decision making for social and cultural events, negotiating options, explaining, justifying, solving problems and completing transactions

  Elaborations

  • participating in collaborative planning and decision making to organise actions and events such as group research, class excursions, school performances or social events, and negotiating options to reach agreement, for example, Lớp mình muốn đi tham quan viện bảo tàng hay sở thú? Chúng mình nên tham gia biểu diễn văn nghệ cho trường bằng cách hát hay múa? múa quạt hay múa nón? mặc áo dài hay áo bà ba? Bài hát này chậm quá, mình nên đổi qua bài hát ‘Mừng Xuân’ nghe vui hơn
  • raising an issue relating to the organisation of an event, such as not having enough space or doing too much cooking for parties at home, and negotiating a solution such as having a barbecue in the backyard, for example, Sao mẹ không làm sinh nhật cho ba ở nhà? Mẹ sợ nhà mình chật chội và mẹ không có thời gian nấu nướng. Vậy thì mẹ làm BBQ ở vườn sau đi, vừa có chỗ rộng rãi, vừa đỡ mất công nấu nhiều món
  • making transactions in authentic, simulated or online situations, such as purchasing clothing items or electronic devices or selecting electrical appliances with regard to energy efficiency, using rehearsed language for persuading, negotiating, bargaining, exchanging or returning goods, for example, Có thể giảm giá không? Tôi lỡ làm mất biên nhận rồi, có thể trả lại đồ được không? Tôi không thích màu đen, cô làm ơn đổi lại cái Ipad màu trắng cho tôi
  • participating in virtual scenarios related to travelling to Vietnam, such as booking, changing or confirming a flight, booking tours or accommodation, or exchanging currency, for example, Mỗi tuần có mấy chuyến bay đi Việt Nam? Tôi muốn đặt vé đi Việt Nam ngày 20 tháng 12. Xin hỏi tôi cần đặt cọc trước bao nhiêu tiền? Khi nào thì cần trả hết tiền? Khách sạn Quê Hương đây, xin hỏi quý khách cần gì ạ? Gia đình tôi muốn đặt hai phòng đôi cho bốn người, từ ngày 20 đến 27 tháng 12. Một trăm đô Úc đổi được bao nhiêu tiền Việt Nam?

  VCVIC019 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising