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• VCSSU093

  Interactions between organisms can be described in terms of food chains and food webs and can be affected by human activity

  Elaborations

  • constructing and interpreting food chains and food webs to show relationships between organisms in an environment
  • recognising the role of microorganisms within food chains and food webs
  • researching examples of human impacts on specific ecosystems, for example, the use of fire by traditional Aboriginal people, the effects of palm oil harvesting, deforestation, agricultural practices or the introduction of new species

  VCSSU093 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCSSU103

  Change to an object’s motion is caused by unbalanced forces acting on the object; Earth’s gravity pulls objects towards the centre of Earth

  Elaborations

  • investigating the effects of applying different forces to familiar objects
  • investigating common situations where forces are balanced and unbalanced, for example, stationary and falling objects
  • investigating a simple machine such as a lever or a pulley system
  • exploring how gravity affects objects on the surface of Earth

  VCSSU103 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCSSU089

  Scientific knowledge and understanding of the world changes as new evidence becomes available; science knowledge can develop through collaboration and connecting ideas across the disciplines and practice of science

  Elaborations

  • investigating how advances in telescopes and space probes have provided new evidence about space
  • investigating how the development of microscopes has changed understanding of cell function and malfunction, and how this has led to improved medical treatments for disease
  • investigating how knowledge of the location and extraction of mineral resources relies on expertise from across the disciplines of science
  • considering how advances in technology, combined with scientific understanding of the functioning of body systems, has enabled organ repair and replacement
  • investigating how land management practices of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples can help inform sustainable management of the environment

  VCSSU089 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Science as a human endeavour

• VCSSU104

  Energy appears in different forms including movement (kinetic energy), heat, light, chemical energy and potential energy; devices can change energy from one form to another

  Elaborations

  • recognising that kinetic energy is the energy possessed by moving bodies
  • recognising that potential energy is stored energy, for example, gravitational, chemical and elastic energy
  • using flow diagrams to illustrate changes between different forms of energy
  • investigating the energy transformations in devices, for example, a catapult or a water wheel

  VCSSU104 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCSSU105

  Light can form images using the reflective feature of curved mirrors and the refractive feature of lenses, and can disperse to produce a spectrum which is part of a larger spectrum of radiation

  Elaborations

  • exploring how images can change when the arrangement of the mirror or lens system is altered
  • exploring the mechanism of the human eye and corrective technologies
  • observing the spread and order of colours in the visible spectrum
  • describing the different types of radiation in the larger spectrum of radiation

  VCSSU105 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCSSU106

  The properties of sound can be explained by a wave model

  Elaborations

  • describing how sounds are produced by different musical instruments
  • measuring the speed of sound
  • using a wave model to describe the measured properties of sound, wavelength and frequency

  VCSSU106 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCSSU098

  Chemical change involves substances reacting to form new substances

  Elaborations

  • identifying the differences between chemical and physical changes
  • identifying evidence that a chemical change has taken place
  • investigating simple reactions, for example, combining elements to make a compound

  VCSSU098 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Chemical sciences

• VCSSU097

  Differences between elements, compounds and mixtures can be described by using a particle model

  Elaborations

  • modelling the arrangement of particles in elements and compounds
  • recognising that elements and simple compounds can be represented by symbols and formulas
  • explaining why elements and compounds can be represented by chemical formulas while mixtures cannot

  VCSSU097 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Chemical sciences

• VCSSU096

  The properties of the different states of matter can be explained in terms of the motion and arrangement of particles

  Elaborations

  • modelling the arrangement of particles in solids, liquids and gases
  • using the particle model to distinguish between the properties of liquid water, ice and steam

  VCSSU096 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Chemical sciences

• VCSIS107

  Identify questions, problems and claims that can be investigated scientifically and make predictions based on scientific knowledge

  Elaborations

  • considering whether an investigation using available resources is possible when identifying questions or problems to investigate
  • using information and knowledge from their own investigations and secondary sources to predict the expected results from an investigation
  • recognising that the solution of some questions and problems may require consideration of social, cultural, economic or moral factors in addition to results from scientific investigation

  VCSIS107 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Inquiry Skills | Questioning and predicting

• VCSSU095

  Mixtures, including solutions, contain a combination of pure substances that can be separated using a range of techniques

  Elaborations

  • recognising the differences between pure substances and mixtures and identifying examples of each
  • identifying the solvent and solute in solutions
  • investigating and using a range of physical separation techniques such as filtration, decantation, evaporation, crystallisation, chromatography and distillation
  • exploring and comparing separation methods used in the home

  VCSSU095 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Chemical sciences

• VCSSU099

  Predictable phenomena on Earth, including seasons and eclipses, are caused by the relative positions of the Sun, Earth and the Moon

  Elaborations

  • comparing times for the rotation of Earth, Sun and Moon, and comparing the times for the orbits of Earth and the Moon
  • modelling the relative movements of the Earth, Sun and Moon and how natural phenomena such as solar and lunar eclipses and phases of the Moon occur
  • explaining why different regions of Earth experience different seasonal conditions

  VCSSU099 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCSSU101

  Water is an important resource that cycles through the environment

  Elaborations

  • considering the water cycle in terms of changes of state of water
  • investigating factors that influence the water cycle in nature
  • exploring how human management of water impacts on the water cycle

  VCSSU101 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences