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• VCEALC763

  Understand most symbols and changes of font style and how they contribute to or change the meanings in a text

  Elaborations

  • identifying changes in font style (such as italic and bold) or symbols or icons and explaining their function
  • recognising navigational features such as menu items or links on a website

  VCEALC763 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Reading and Viewing | Communication

• VCEALA118

  Understand that texts can reflect a variety of ideas and perspectives

  Elaborations

  • recognising that texts may reflect a variety of cultural beliefs, practices and views
  • suggesting an audience for a text, for example ‘This book was written for children’
  • choosing narratives centred on a range of characters with different profiles and experiences
  • giving a simple personal response to a text, for example ‘I enjoyed it’, ‘I learnt about …’
  • comparing and contrasting ideas and experiences in texts with own experience

  VCEALA118 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Reading and Viewing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA219

  Understand the difference between writing and drawing, and that writing changes according to context and purpose

  Elaborations

  • pointing to pictures and words when prompted
  • understanding that English writing consists of words formed by letters, and sentences made up of words

  VCEALA219 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC735

  Participate in conversations with fluent speakers that involve changes of topic and register

  Elaborations

  • participating in conversations with a range of people such as peers, teachers and visitors
  • talking about a range of topics, such as personal stories or discussions about school
  • negotiating changes in register, for example changing from talking about a classroom topic to making a request

  VCEALC735 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALA718

  Understand how the purpose and audience of a text can influence content and form

  Elaborations

  • designing layout and visual features to suit purpose and audience, for example using bright colours in an illustrated story for children
  • transforming texts to suit a different purpose or audience, for example converting a road safety website for learner drivers to a pamphlet for older drivers
  • discussing language choices with regard to purpose and audience, for example reflecting on word choices in a persuasive text

  VCEALA718 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA066

  Clarify the meaning of a word in home language and ask for the word to be written so it can be copied

  Elaborations

  • talking to home language peers to explain the idea in home language and ask for a translation into English
  • asking peers or the teacher to write the word in English after hearing the translation

  VCEALA066 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALL177

  Use common descriptive language

  Elaborations

  • using common adjectives to express affect (‘sad’, ‘happy’, ‘angry’), judgement (‘kind’, ‘mean’) and appreciation (‘beautiful’, ‘yucky’)
  • combining some common adverbs with verbs to describe action, for example ‘walk slowly’, ‘sing well’

  VCEALL177 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL256

  Use a small range of descriptive language

  Elaborations

  • using a range of adjectives to express affect (‘frightened’, ‘surprised’), judgement (‘naughty’, ‘brave’) and appreciation (‘interesting’, ‘amazing’)
  • forming simple noun groups that combine one or two adjectives with a noun, for example ‘hot day’, ‘scary old house’
  • formulating short adverbial phrases, such as ‘on my bike’, ‘with his brother’, ‘every week’

  VCEALL256 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL104

  Express simple negation correctly

  Elaborations

  • expressing simple negation using common auxiliary verbs in full and contracted forms, such as ‘don’t’, ‘did not’, ‘can’t’

  VCEALL104 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALA594

  Redraft text with support, incorporating corrections and suggestions

  Elaborations

  • following the teacher’s feedback to edit own work, for example correcting spelling, changing word order
  • reading text to the teacher or peers and making changes to the original text in light of the audience’s comments
  • using checklists to review own or peers’ writing

  VCEALA594 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA553

  Employ non-verbal strategies to elicit support from the listener

  Elaborations

  • recognising emotions indicated by changes in intonation, for example anger or humour
  • using strategies such as eye contact, facial expressions or gestures to support communication and engage the listener

  VCEALA553 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA060

  Recognise the importance of accurate reproduction of letters and words

  Elaborations

  • forming both capital and lower-case letters consistently and legibly
  • showing awareness that spelling is consistent, for example copying words carefully, asking how to spell a word, asking for a word to be written so it can be copied

  VCEALA060 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC265

  Use key words to understand the main idea in short texts

  Elaborations

  • identifying the main topic of a short paragraph, for example ‘This is about dogs’
  • identifying the main characters and events in a short narrative when given a prompt such as, ‘In this paragraph we can find the name of the main character’

  VCEALC265 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Reading and Viewing | Communication

• VCEALL047

  Identify repetitive words or phrases in known texts

  Elaborations

  • pointing to or counting repeated words in a text, for example ‘How many times can you see the word “me”?’
  • identifying characters or objects that are represented in both images and print text

  VCEALL047 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL100

  Combine known formulas, structures and other vocabulary to communicate

  Elaborations

  • creating original utterances by using new words with known sentence structures, for example ‘Yesterday I went to the swim’
  • using a range of question beginnings, such as ‘Who’, ‘Where’, ‘How’, ‘Why’, ‘Do you …?’, ‘Can I …?’

  VCEALL100 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL665

  Develop writing through the use of compound and complex sentences

  Elaborations

  • writing compound sentences using a range of coordinating conjunctions, for example ‘They reduce training so they can rest their muscles’
  • constructing complex sentences using subordinating conjunctions, for example ‘Because of the flood, their homes were destroyed’

  VCEALL665 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL415

  Respond appropriately to structures through word order and vocabulary rather than through intonation

  Elaborations

  • understanding vocabulary and word order for structures, such as questions, statements and negation
  • using question words rather than intonation to indicate a question; for example ‘Do you …?’, ‘What is …?’, ‘Can anybody …?’

  VCEALL415 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALA092

  Use a repertoire of common classroom formulas

  Elaborations

  • using common classroom formulas, such as ‘Just a minute’, ‘Give me a hand’, ‘Be quiet, please’, ‘Can I have a paintbrush, please?’
  • using common social formulas, such as ‘Excuse me’, ‘Can you please …?’, ‘Yes, thank you’
  • indicating agreement or non-agreement through formulaic speech such as ‘I agree’, ‘I don’t think so’

  VCEALA092 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALL644

  Show awareness of how cohesive devices organise ideas

  Elaborations

  • locating in a text a small range of connectives (such as ‘then’, ‘so’), pronouns (such as ‘this’, ‘that’) and articles (such as ‘a’, ‘the’)
  • identifying how the use of related vocabulary (synonyms, antonyms or words related to a particular topic) can make connections between parts of a text
  • following the items referred to by reference items through a long text, for example ‘The movement of electricity through some metals can be converted to heat. This is an easy way to heat people’s homes, and the electricity needed to do this is not too expensive’

  VCEALL644 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL161

  Use keyboard skills to write short, simple texts

  Elaborations

  • using a keyboard to type capital and lower-case letters, numbers and basic punctuation marks
  • typing letters, numbers, symbols and words, copying from a print text or composing a short original text
  • using simple editing functions, such as inserting or deleting a word
  • using basic formatting functions, such as making text bold or changing font

  VCEALL161 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features