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• VCEALA718

  Understand how the purpose and audience of a text can influence content and form

  Elaborations

  • designing layout and visual features to suit purpose and audience, for example using bright colours in an illustrated story for children
  • transforming texts to suit a different purpose or audience, for example converting a road safety website for learner drivers to a pamphlet for older drivers
  • discussing language choices with regard to purpose and audience, for example reflecting on word choices in a persuasive text

  VCEALA718 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALL695

  Identify specific pronunciation problems that need attention

  Elaborations

  • identifying key words in a text that may pose pronunciation problems, based on general guidance from the teacher, such as ‘Highlight all the words ending in a consonant’
  • articulating specific difficulties with pronunciation, such as ‘I can’t tell the difference between “walk” and “work”’

  VCEALL695 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALC616

  Present a short, prepared formal talk on a researched topic, using notes and props

  Elaborations

  • structuring the talk clearly using elements such as an introduction, sequenced content, conclusion
  • attending to features of speech such as pronunciation, pace, intonation, emphasis, body language
  • preparing and using notes and props, such as a photo or treasured personal object, to enhance a presentation

  VCEALC616 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC546

  Communicate needs in common social and school routines

  Elaborations

  • asking questions and following instructions to meet personal needs, such as where to find resources or what colour pen to use
  • understanding common words for social and school purposes, such as ‘I would like …’, ‘I need some help’

  VCEALC546 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALA382

  Draft a piece of writing focusing on meaning, and revise after rereading or discussion

  Elaborations

  • drafting based on a plan showing text organisation and sequence of ideas
  • reading aloud to self or partner to check meaning and comprehensibility
  • adding or deleting ideas, and correcting simple errors in spelling and punctuation after rereading or discussion with peers or teacher

  VCEALA382 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALL126

  Focus on both content and functional words to understand the main idea in a text

  Elaborations

  • identifying the main idea in a text based on recognising repeated content words
  • using function words (such as ‘the’, ‘and’, ‘as’, ‘in’, ‘of’) to understand the relationship between ideas in a text

  VCEALL126 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL423

  Self-correct and improve aspects of pronunciation that impede communication, and focus on correction

  Elaborations

  • identifying patterns of pronunciation that pose difficulty in own speech, such as the articulation of final consonants or a specific vowel sound, or inappropriate word stress
  • rehearsing pronunciation with a partner or recording pronunciation using a digital device to self-assess, in order to make improvements

  VCEALL423 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALA143

  Demonstrate understanding that handwritten texts usually need to be planned, edited and presented

  Elaborations

  • using graphic organisers to develop a simple plan for writing
  • editing and re-drafting writing by using simple strategies
  • reading own writing aloud to check meaning
  • following feedback from teacher or peers to delete or add words to clarify meaning
  • correcting spelling with reference to word lists or dictionaries

  VCEALA143 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALL180

  Use words from sets related to immediate communicative need, interest or experience

  Elaborations

  • recalling familiar words related to immediate needs, such as family, school, colours, numbers, days
  • referring to charts or vocabulary lists to select words required for communicative needs

  VCEALL180 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALA118

  Understand that texts can reflect a variety of ideas and perspectives

  Elaborations

  • recognising that texts may reflect a variety of cultural beliefs, practices and views
  • suggesting an audience for a text, for example ‘This book was written for children’
  • choosing narratives centred on a range of characters with different profiles and experiences
  • giving a simple personal response to a text, for example ‘I enjoyed it’, ‘I learnt about …’
  • comparing and contrasting ideas and experiences in texts with own experience

  VCEALA118 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Reading and Viewing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALL500

  Use a range of vocabulary from lexical sets related to immediate need, interest or learning

  Elaborations

  • using a small range of words related to familiar topics, such as family, school, numbers

  VCEALL500 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level CL | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL564

  Use words from lexical sets related to communicative need, interest, experience or learning

  Elaborations

  • recalling and applying a range of words related to familiar topics, such as words related to family, school, colours, numbers, days, months
  • using common synonyms (such as ‘hot’ and ‘warm’) and antonyms (such as ‘fast’ and ‘slow’) to communicate a range of meanings
  • connecting a small number of words from a lexical set, for example ‘soccer’, ‘ball’, ‘team’, ‘match’

  VCEALL564 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL026

  Recognise and use words from lexical sets related to immediate communicative need, interest or experience

  Elaborations

  • use common words related to immediate needs, such as colours, numbers, days, family- and school-specific word sets
  • using a single word for a variety of purposes, for example using ‘book’ to mean ‘This is my book’, ‘Where is her book?’, ‘I’d like to borrow that book’
  • referring to classroom charts and personal vocabulary lists to identify, clarify and rehearse words
  • using a range of strategies to learn new words and phrases, such as private rehearsal, personal vocabulary lists, use in own speech and writing

  VCEALL026 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALA780

  Understand how writing contexts, audience and purpose influence function and form

  Elaborations

  • choosing from a repertoire of text types to communicate a message clearly, for example writing an analytical essay or creating a short slideshow to explain an issue to the class
  • identifying the context, purpose and audience for a text when planning and drafting
  • choosing and sustaining appropriate language for the audience and purpose, for example using a formal register for an intended academic audience

  VCEALA780 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALL472

  Combine simple sentences using common conjunctions

  Elaborations

  • combining simple sentences using a range of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions, for example ‘We need trees so we should not cut them all down’, ‘Riding motorbikes can be dangerous, but people still like to do it because it is exciting’

  VCEALL472 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL254

  Use a range of learnt word patterns for appropriate purposes

  Elaborations

  • using formulas for a range of purposes, including asking questions, supporting social interaction or self-expression, such as ‘What’s the time?’, ‘Oh, no!’, ‘Excellent work’, ‘Well done’
  • using longer formulaic constructions to articulate needs, such as ‘Can I eat lunch?’, ‘I want to go toilet’

  VCEALL254 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL644

  Show awareness of how cohesive devices organise ideas

  Elaborations

  • locating in a text a small range of connectives (such as ‘then’, ‘so’), pronouns (such as ‘this’, ‘that’) and articles (such as ‘a’, ‘the’)
  • identifying how the use of related vocabulary (synonyms, antonyms or words related to a particular topic) can make connections between parts of a text
  • following the items referred to by reference items through a long text, for example ‘The movement of electricity through some metals can be converted to heat. This is an easy way to heat people’s homes, and the electricity needed to do this is not too expensive’

  VCEALL644 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALA066

  Clarify the meaning of a word in home language and ask for the word to be written so it can be copied

  Elaborations

  • talking to home language peers to explain the idea in home language and ask for a translation into English
  • asking peers or the teacher to write the word in English after hearing the translation

  VCEALA066 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALL791

  Use relative clauses and adjectival expressions for descriptive purposes

  Elaborations

  • writing relative clauses to add description, for example ‘The group, which consisted of four men and four women …’
  • writing complex adjectival phrases to describe concrete and abstract nouns in sentences, for example ‘The most reliable and efficient product on the market …’, ‘The convincing scientific evidence supporting this theory …’

  VCEALL791 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL793

  Use an expanded vocabulary appropriate for the curriculum area

  Elaborations

  • incorporating sophisticated vocabulary appropriate for the curriculum area, such as subject-specific terms, antonyms, synonyms, abstract nouns
  • distinguishing between different meanings for words in different contexts, for example ‘psychological complex’, ‘complex issue’, ‘complex sentence’ and ‘residential complex’ convincing scientific evidence supporting this theory …’

  VCEALL793 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features