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• VCNRU033

  Understand that languages may change over time and that they influence each other, recognising words in the language being studied that are derived from other languages

  Elaborations

  • recognising that the language has a history and has developed into what is the spoken language today
  • understanding that the language being studied may be spoken elsewhere in the diaspora of speakers of that language
  • noticing that languages are fluid and ever-evolving and can be incorporated into and influence other languages beyond their own

  VCNRU033 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRU063

  Refine pronunciation, spell frequently used words and apply accurate punctuation to writing

  Elaborations

  • identifying differences in tone, intonation and rhythm
  • applying punctuation and spelling rules to own writing
  • experimenting with pronunciation of less familiar texts

  VCNRU063 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU049

  Understand the importance of register in a range of contexts and situations, such as at home, at school or in more formal situations

  Elaborations

  • using appropriate language according to age, gender, relationship and social status when meeting people for the first time or when introducing friends, teachers or other adults
  • reflecting on the use of colloquial or abbreviated language in technologically mediated contexts, for example by email or phone

  VCNRU049 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRU081

  Understand and apply grammatical structures recognising that they serve particular functions and that grammatical choices shape meaning

  Elaborations

  • choosing appropriate terms to describe events across time (present, past and future) and choosing appropriate tense
  • using a range of adverbs and adjectives to modify and intensify meaning
  • using cohesive devices such as conjunctions to link, clarify and sequence ideas and modify meaning in written and spoken texts
  • seeking information using a range of questions
  • continuing to build a metalanguage to describe grammatical concepts and develop learning resources for example, verb charts, vocabulary lists, groups of pronouns, adverbs or adjectives

  VCNRU081 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU100

  Understand that the language being studied, like all languages, varies according to participants, roles and relationships, context and culture

  Elaborations

  • examining differences between formal and informal language in social interactions such as greetings, introductions and farewells
  • recognising that language use varies according to context and situation, and variables such as gender, age and the relationship of participants, for example, language used with friends compared to language used in formal situations such as meeting a friend’s family for the first time
  • observing and noticing cultural differences in informal and formal situations and interactions, for example, at a celebration such as a festival

  VCNRU100 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRC062

  Consider how own biography, including personal experiences, family origins, traditions and beliefs, impact on identity and shape own intercultural experiences

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on the experience of learning and using the language and the role of language and culture in expressing identity, and considering the influence of own background on ways of communicating
  • reflecting on how learning the language may have impacted on own identity and understanding of the world such as an increased awareness of representations in the media of countries where the language is spoken

  VCNRC062 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCNRC024

  Create and perform short spoken and written imaginative texts such as dialogues or collaborative stories, using formulaic expressions and modelled language

  Elaborations

  • creating and performing simple imaginative texts, using movement or drama to animate characters and to give expression to events in texts, for example, acting out scenes from a story, adopting the profile of a character, creating a dance to accompany songs
  • modifying texts such as songs, for example, by substituting words in a well-known song or tune
  • creating a new story such as a picture book using favourite characters from imaginative texts and adding captions using formulaic expressions and modelled language

  VCNRC024 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Creating

• VCNRC079

  Engage in intercultural experiences, reflecting on own cultural identity and how this shapes personal ways of communicating and thinking

  Elaborations

  • monitoring, evaluating and recording own experiences and reactions when communicating in the language, for example by keeping a diary or journal and considering how perspectives may have changed over time
  • reflecting on and discussing own ways of communicating and behaving and how these may be interpreted by speakers of the language, considering concepts such as ‘culture’, ‘attitudes’, ‘assumptions’ and ‘values’
  • reflecting on the experiences of migrants who speak the language being studied, for example discussing when they came to Australia, the impact they have made on Australian society, and issues of cultural identity

  VCNRC079 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCNRU084

  Reflect on the dynamic and ecological nature of language, and that all languages influence each other

  Elaborations

  • recognising how English may be modifying language use in particular spheres in the language being studied, for example, language used in the entertainment industry, films and television programs, or language used to express modern concepts, or language used to keep up with trends
  • recognising that language changes over time by, for example, viewing films in historical settings and those in contemporary settings and discussing the language used

  VCNRU084 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCPSCSO040

  Recognise the impact of personal boundaries, intimacy, distribution of power and social and cultural norms and mores on the ways relationships are expressed

  Elaborations

  • defining what personal space and boundaries might be for individuals and recognising both the positive and negative impacts of crossing these boundaries
  • discussing whether successful relationships have agreed criteria for intimacy and other behaviours and exploring the implications if these are not adhered to
  • looking at what society deems to be socially acceptable/unacceptable in the way relationships are expressed and how this changes over time, across cultures and across different settings

  VCPSCSO040 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Social Awareness and Management | Relationships and diversity

• VCPSCSO022

  Identify the importance of including others in activities, groups and games

  Elaborations

  • identifying the emotions that are experienced if others are excluded from activities, groups or games
  • developing inclusive practices which impact on others’ emotions, such as ‘invitation to join a group’
  • recognising the effects of inclusive behaviour, for example ‘feeling valued’ or ‘belonging to a group’

  VCPSCSO022 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Social Awareness and Management | Relationships and diversity

• VCNRU032

  Understand that the context and purpose of interactions influence language choices

  Elaborations

  • recognising the differences between formal and informal language in social interactions
  • examining culturally appropriate phrases for different purposes
  • recognising how the purpose of interaction, for example, command or invitation, can change the emphasis on words

  VCNRU032 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRU067

  Recognise that the language being studied has evolved, that changes have occurred through the ages, and consider factors that have influenced this change

  Elaborations

  • understanding that there may be different forms of the written language being studied, used in different contexts dating from the ancient world to today
  • recognising that meanings of particular words and expressions can originate from earlier times

  VCNRU067 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCPSCSO077

  Work with various peers, including participating in an activity they didn’t like

  Elaborations

  • cooperating with others when working or playing in groups
  • implementing some self-help skills when attempting to complete a task they didn’t like
  • developing some simple strategies to work with new team members

  VCPSCSO077 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Level D | Social Awareness and Management | Relationships and diversity

• VCNRC026

  Create simple bilingual resources for familiar audiences

  Elaborations

  • creating hand-made or digital greeting cards in both the language and English for different celebrations and traditions
  • creating bilingual texts for different audiences, for example, signs for the school community, a bilingual class digital dictionary, a word chart, a board game for a younger class
  • creating simple bilingual story books that include captions and images modelled on familiar texts, for example, Spot the Dog

  VCNRC026 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCNRU051

  Understand that language and culture are integral to identity and are reflected in communication styles

  Elaborations

  • discussing own and peers’ understanding of concepts and messages expressed in stories/myths/song lyrics
  • recognising that language use can have connections to cultural practices, such as celebrations
  • reflecting on the experience of learning the language and culture and identifying situations that have provided awareness of own cultural practices and values, for example, attending a cultural festival or show
  • discussing the meaning of culture, how it involves visible elements such as symbols, food, national costumes, dancing and language, and invisible elements such as values and beliefs

  VCNRU051 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCNRC028

  Interact with others, noticing how identity matters, such as use of terms of address, who and what is included and what language is used

  Elaborations

  • recognising how they communicate with each other, their family, teachers and other adults, identifying differences in behaviour and language and explaining why this happens
  • reflecting on the experience of becoming bilingual or multilingual, considering what advantages this brings and whether it impacts on identity
  • creating a digital profile of aspects of their identity, for example, family, background, interests, membership of the target language class
  • discussing which groups they belong to, for example, family, class, learners of the language being studied, and making connections and comparisons between own cultural perspectives and those of different cultural groups
  • interacting with teachers and other speakers of the language and class friends, and noticing aspects of speech, behaviour and actions that are the same as or different to their own

  VCNRC028 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCPSCSO005

  Practise the skills required to include others and make friends with peers, teachers and other adults

  Elaborations

  • discussing what it means to be friendly and make a list of the qualities of a friend
  • role playing a range of scenarios such as saying hello to a new student in your class or thanking an adult for helping you
  • describing how it feels when talking with teachers and other adults

  VCPSCSO005 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Foundation Level | Social Awareness and Management | Relationships and diversity

• VCPSCSO013

  Describe ways of making and keeping friends, including how actions and words can help or hurt others, and the effects of modifying their behaviour

  Elaborations

  • creating a list of strategies, including words and actions, which students have used to make friends in their life
  • discussing what friendships require to be maintained such as kindness, support, acceptance, respect
  • providing examples of respect to one another showing both words and actions and discussing how negative words and actions can hurt and making suggestions about how to modify behaviours

  VCPSCSO013 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 1 and 2 | Social Awareness and Management | Relationships and diversity

• VCPSCSO064

  Demonstrate some simple social skills including attending to others, greeting, and following adult directions

  Elaborations

  • participating as part of a school group under teacher direction
  • interacting with peers in a structured activity
  • following basic social rules to support playing alongside others

  VCPSCSO064 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Level B | Social Awareness and Management | Collaboration