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• VCEALL728

  Use verb forms appropriate to text type

  Elaborations

  • using appropriate verb forms for the purpose and text type, for example past tense for a reflective response, passive voice in a procedural recount
  • controlling a range of more complex verb tenses, such as elaborated tenses (‘They had been waiting’), multi-word verb groups (‘I was not supposed to know’)
  • controlling agreement for singular and plural nouns (for example ‘My brothers go to high school and my sister goes to university’) and countable and non-countable nouns (for example ‘There were clouds but there was no rain’)

  VCEALL728 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCZHC185

  Reflect on how conventions of speech and particular Chinese cultural concepts can influence communication style when using both Chinese and English

  Elaborations

  • differentiating language when engaging with participants from different cultural backgrounds, for example, opening a speech in Chinese with 中国有一句俗语… when in English they would open a speech with a joke
  • describing appropriate ways to engage with others in different contexts, for example, ‘I socialise with my friends who speak Chinese in … ways, but I socialise with my friends who speak English in … ways’

  VCZHC185 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCVIC116

  Identify themselves as members of different groups, including the Vietnamese class, the school, their family and the community, describing their roles within these groups

  Elaborations

  • listing various groups that they belong to, for example, family, school, class or clubs, and reflecting on themselves as a member of these groups and the role they play in each one
  • identifying themselves as belonging to a particular cultural and/or language group, for example, ‘my Vietnamese class’, ‘my Vietnamese school’ and ‘my community’, or ‘I speak Vietnamese’ (Tôi biết tiếng Việt)
  • reflecting on how their own identity as a person who knows more than one language influences the role they play in various groups
  • eliciting and giving information that signals identity in different contexts such as home and school, including age and appearance, class and school, for example, compiling a personal profile consisting of their Vietnamese name, age and animal sign, using simple words and modelled statements, such as Em tên (là) Nguyễn Hoàng Nam. Em bảy tuổi. Em học lớp hai. Em tuổi con heo

  VCVIC116 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCEALA008

  Understand when a response is required and attempt to respond using either known words or non-verbal language

  Elaborations

  • responding appropriately to comments with simple non-verbal language, or indicating non-comprehension, such as by smiling when greeted, shaking or nodding head in response to questions
  • indicating agreement or non-agreement through body language or simple utterances such as ‘yes’ or ‘no’
  • giving simple, short responses to familiar questions, for example ‘My name is …’

  VCEALA008 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA354

  Respond to cultural ideas in texts

  Elaborations

  • engaging with texts from a range of contexts and cultures
  • comparing ideas in texts to personal experience, for example ‘My family also cooks like this’
  • expressing personal opinion about cultural ideas in texts, for example ‘I would like to try this one day’

  VCEALA354 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Reading and Viewing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC325

  Use a repertoire of common classroom and schoolyard language

  Elaborations

  • understanding simple questions on familiar topics or themes and responding appropriately
  • following a short sequence of classroom task-related instructions with clear steps and modelling of the task
  • adapting common classroom and schoolyard language to a small range of relevant situations, such as ‘Wait a minute’, ‘Be quiet, please’, ‘My turn’

  VCEALC325 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALL256

  Use a small range of descriptive language

  Elaborations

  • using a range of adjectives to express affect (‘frightened’, ‘surprised’), judgement (‘naughty’, ‘brave’) and appreciation (‘interesting’, ‘amazing’)
  • forming simple noun groups that combine one or two adjectives with a noun, for example ‘hot day’, ‘scary old house’
  • formulating short adverbial phrases, such as ‘on my bike’, ‘with his brother’, ‘every week’

  VCEALL256 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL076

  Write some high-frequency words related to personal experience and school context

  Elaborations

  • writing some high-frequency words accurately from memory, including own name and short words used regularly such as ‘it’, ‘my’, ‘we’
  • referring to classroom charts and personal vocabulary lists to check and confirm the spelling of high-frequency words
  • recording high-frequency words in a personal vocabulary list

  VCEALL076 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL536

  Write sentences that reflect oral language with some examples of correct word order

  Elaborations

  • writing short, simple expressions to label personal drawings, reflecting an early stage of oral language development, such as ‘Live here’, ‘Go to play’
  • writing sentences with a level of detail that may not follow standard word order, such as ‘We went yesterday to the supermarket’, ‘My friend and me we see car blue’

  VCEALL536 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level CL | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL582

  Understand simple descriptive language within sentences

  Elaborations

  • understanding simple noun groups with adjectives and/or simple possessive pronouns, such as ‘the small chair’, ‘my brother’s bag’
  • understanding describers and classifiers in short noun groups, for example ‘small animals’ and ‘wild animals’
  • recognising common prepositions indicating time and place, such as ‘in’, ‘on’, ‘at’

  VCEALL582 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL562

  Use a small range of common descriptive language

  Elaborations

  • constructing simple noun groups with adjectives, and simple possessive pronouns, such as ‘a yellow car’, ‘my friend’s house’
  • constructing noun groups using describers and classifiers, for example ‘tall trees’, ‘native trees’
  • using prepositions such as ‘in’, ‘on’ and ‘at’ to indicate time and place, for example ‘in Melbourne’, ‘on Monday’

  VCEALL562 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL312

  Use a small range of simple descriptive phrases

  Elaborations

  • building simple noun phrases using adjectives, such as ‘the blue car’
  • using a narrow range of adverbs and phrases to add circumstance, such as ‘The car goes fast’, ‘I sat on a chair’
  • using simple comparative adjectives in basic sentences with varied accuracy, for example ‘My brother bigger than me’

  VCEALL312 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL069

  Use a very simple text structure repeatedly

  Elaborations

  • using the same expression in writing as in speech
  • writing or dictating simple statements in time sequence, for example ‘I get my bag’, ‘I eat lunch’
  • writing recounts or stories using repetitive time or sequence connectives
  • copying the structure of classroom texts, for example using the same sentence stems or writing the details in the same order

  VCEALL069 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL333

  Describe and identify people, places and things using simple vocabulary for colour, size, place, location, time

  Elaborations

  • using a small range of descriptive vocabulary to communicate about specific people, places and things, for example ‘the big red book’, ‘a park near my house’
  • building simple noun phrases to describe specific people, places and things

  VCEALL333 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL541

  Spell familiar, simple words correctly, using knowledge of letter–sound relationships

  Elaborations

  • spelling some high-frequency words accurately from memory, including own name and short words used regularly, such as ‘it’, ‘my’, ‘we’
  • representing new and unfamiliar words by their initial letters
  • referring to classroom charts and personal vocabulary list to check and confirm spelling

  VCEALL541 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level CL | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL729

  Use a range of expressions to qualify opinions

  Elaborations

  • using modals (such as ‘may’, ‘might’) to signify opinions, for example ‘The forest may be changed by this protest action ’
  • writing formulaic expressions to introduce personal opinions, such as ‘In my view …’, ‘I believe …’
  • beginning to use subjective expressions to express opinions indirectly, such as ‘According to research …’, ‘Many consumers think …’

  VCEALL729 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCZHC057

  Reflect on the cultural significance of how different groups and members of groups name themselves and are represented by others

  Elaborations

  • comparing Chinese and western cultural symbols, for example, the symbol of the dragon, 龙 across western and Chinese cultures
  • sharing information about their own membership of diverse groups and exploring how this is expressed in Chinese, for example, 每年春节小明的妈妈都会包饺子。安娜的妈妈每年圣诞节都烤火鸡
  • exploring the role of language in the formation and expression of identity, for example: Why does my classmate go to Chinese school on Saturday? Why do I speak Chinese to my teacher but feel strange speaking it to my classmates?
  • analysing expressions of identity encountered in Chinese texts and interactions, and comparing these with their own assumptions about Chinese people and with their own expressions of identity, for example, 龙的传人 (descendant of dragon)
  • identifying the differences of meaning of multiple terms use to convey a similar concept, for example, comparing representations of foreigners in 外国人有一些不同的习俗 to 老外都很奇怪
  • reflecting on their own cultural values and norms, comparing them to those of Chinese speakers, and asking, for example: Which of my own values are non-negotiable, and which Chinese values do I feel I should validate and support?

  VCZHC057 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCEALL471

  Write using extended descriptive phrases

  Elaborations

  • writing extended noun phrases, such as ‘a large shark with sharp teeth’, using an expanding range of elements including pointers (‘a’, ‘the’, ‘my’), concrete and abstract key nouns (‘shark’, ‘packet’, ‘idea’), describers (‘large’, ‘empty’, ‘excellent’), classifiers (‘endangered’, ‘recyclable’, ‘financial’) and simple qualifiers (‘with sharp teeth’, ‘in my bag’)
  • applying rules for expressing comparisons, such as ‘as … as’, ‘more … than’, ‘–er than’
  • using short relative clauses to expand descriptions, for example ‘The girl who was late had to go to the office’

  VCEALL471 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCZHU255

  Identify and explain how Chinese orthography enables access to technical and unusual vocabulary, including specialised abstract nouns, and a wider range of texts, using orthographic knowledge to identify characters related to topics studied in other learning areas, such as chemical elements (periodic...

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with the use of abstract nouns such as 物种 、 深春 、 微风 to create procedural texts
  • developing skills to comprehend simplified or traditional Chinese characters in print media and online texts
  • discriminating correct forms and sounds of 多音字 (polyphonic characters) such as 行 (háng 同行 and xíng 行进), and appreciating multiple forms of 通假字 such as 反 - 返; 说 - 悦

  VCZHU255 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU203

  Identify features of individual characters and the form and function of components in individual characters and in related characters (for example, 心,想,情,闷), and learn to relate components (部件) and sides (偏旁) to the meaning and sound of characters

  Elaborations

  • recognising subtle differences and the implications for sound and meaning when discriminating between characters of similar appearance, for example, 我 and 找
  • analysing the nature of components, and their arrangement and function in a range of characters, for example, fire （火/灬） and heart （心/忄） components
  • analysing common simple and compound characters and identifying the possible placement of specific radicals and components in a compound character, for example, the placement of 扌 on the left-hand side
  • recognising clues inherent in characters when attempting to map specific sounds and meanings onto correct character forms, for example, exploring the reliability of semantic and phonetic functions of components and sides regularly encountered in characters containing common elements such as 请、 精、 猜; 认、 忍、 任; 忍、 想、思
  • categorising words containing a common morpheme to better understand the relationship between morphemes and specific word meanings, for example, using dictionaries to explore the range of words created from a common character morpheme such as 情 and 性
  • discriminating between the functions of morphemes with related meanings, for example, 餐-饭; 玩-做; 做-作

  VCZHU203 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language