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• VCZHC195

  Locate and organise key points of information from a range of familiar sources

  Elaborations

  • applying knowledge of the world and their own experience to assist understanding of the meaning of texts, such as by discussing topics studied in other learning areas and exploring related Chinese texts, for example, understanding 黄山归来不看岳 by connecting knowledge or experience of visiting 黄山
  • making connections between images and charts and the content of texts, and identifying key words to locate information, for example, in the chapter headings of a book
  • listing possible resources before undertaking a research project and giving reasons for why these resources might be useful
  • listening for structural cues such as signposting, and considering images, music and voice to enhance understanding of key ideas conveyed, for example, identify changes in tone of voice and pacing to indicate potential danger or a sense of urgency
  • experimenting with different note-taking strategies when listening, for example, noting key words in Pinyin and recording numbers using Arabic numerals
  • listening to or viewing public information texts such as weather forecasts and announcements and identifying specific information and key words, for example, 点, 度,米, 公里,元/块
  • viewing texts such as a cooking program and answering questions from classmates on key procedures and main ingredients, for example, 蚂蚁上树没有蚂蚁。树是粉丝，蚂蚁是猪肉
  • obtaining the gist or specific information when listening to a flow of words by focusing on familiar, predictable items, and identifying aspects of voice, gesture or language choice that convey varying degrees of enthusiasm or dislike, for example, 我一点儿也不喜欢… compared to 我不喜欢…
  • collating information and ideas to present to others using various tools and charts and with consideration of the relevance, organisation and sequencing of information, for example, considering: What is the best way to introduce the topic? What do they want the audience to remember? What is the main message being communicated?
  • representing information to others by restating key phrases and explaining reasons for actions and feelings, for example, 她很高兴, 因为…

  VCZHC195 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCELA200

  Understand that there are different ways of asking for information, making offers and giving commands

  Elaborations

  • learning the difference between questions and statements, requests and commands
  • learning about different types of questions including closed and open questions and ‘where’, ‘what’, ‘who’ and ‘why’ questions

  VCELA200 | Curriculum content | English | Level 1 | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VC2M6A01

  recognise and use rules that generate visually growing patterns and number patterns involving rational numbers

  Elaborations

  • investigating patterns such as the number of tiles in a geometric pattern, or the number of dots or other shapes in successive repeats of a strip or border pattern, looking for patterns in the way the numbers increase or decrease
  • using a calculator or spreadsheet to experiment with number patterns that result from multiplying or dividing; for example, 1 ÷ 9, 2 ÷ 9, 3 ÷ 9 …, 210 × 11, 211 × 11, 212 × 11 …, 111 × 11, 222 × 11, 333 × 11 …, or 100 ÷ 99, 101 ÷ 99, 102 ÷ 99 …
  • creating an extended number sequence that represents an additive pattern using decimals; for example, representing the additive pattern formed as students pay their $2.50 for an incursion as 2.50, 5.00, 7.50, 10.00, 12.50, 15.00, 17.50 …
  • investigating the number of regions created by successive folds of a sheet of paper (one fold, 2 regions; 2 folds, 4 regions; 3 folds, 8 regions) and describing the pattern using everyday language
  • creating a pattern sequence with materials, writing the associated number sequence and then describing the sequence with a rule so someone else can replicate it with different materials; for example, using matchsticks or toothpicks to create a growing pattern of triangles using 3 for one triangle, 5 for 2 triangles and 7 for 3 triangles and describing the pattern as ‘Multiply the number of triangles by 2 and then add one for the extra toothpick in the first triangle’

  VC2M6A01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 6 | Algebra

• VC2M3N02

  recognise, represent and order natural numbers using naming and writing conventions for numerals beyond 10 000

  Elaborations

  • moving materials from one place to another on a place value model to show renaming of numbers (for example, 1574 can be shown as one thousand, 5 hundreds, 7 tens and 4 ones, or as 15 hundreds, 7 tens and 4 ones)
  • using the repeating pattern of place value names and spaces within sets of 3 digits to name and write larger numbers: ones, tens, hundreds, ones of thousands, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands, ones of millions, tens of millions; for example, writing four hundred and twenty-five thousand as 425 000
  • predicting and naming the number that is one more than 99, 109, 199, 1009, 1099, 1999, 10 009 … 99 999 and discussing what will change when one, one ten and one hundred is added to each
  • comparing the Hindu-Arabic numeral system to other numeral systems; for example, investigating the Japanese numeral system, 一、十、百、千、万
  • comparing, reading and writing the numbers involved in more than 60 000 years of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ presence on the Australian continent through timescales relating to pre-colonisation and post-colonisation

  VC2M3N02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 3 | Number

• VCKOC001

  Interact with peers and teachers, using appropriate language and gestures to exchange greetings, wishes, and information about self, family and friends, routines, events, leisure activities, interests, likes and dislikes

  Elaborations

  • greeting and farewelling others, introducing themselves, expressing states of wellbeing, appreciation and wishes, using informal polite language appropriate for familiar interlocutors, for example, 안녕하세요?; 저는 …예요/이에요; 만나서 반가워요;12살이에요; 7학년이에요; 안녕히 가세요/계세요
  • describing friends, family members or pets, for example, 동생이 귀여워요, 눈이 커요, 앵무새가예뻐요, 날개가 빨간색이에요
  • describing routines, likes/dislikes, events and leisure activities, for example, 6시에 일어나요; 주말에 뭐해요?바비큐를 해요; 무슨 운동/음식을 좋아해요? 크리켓을/불고기를 좋아해요

  VCKOC001 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VC2M7A03

  solve one-variable linear equations of increasing complexity with natural number solutions; verify equation solutions by substitution

  Elaborations

  • recognising that solving an equation is a process of determining a value that makes the equation true; and using substitution to determine whether a given number is a solution to an equation or not
  • solving equations using concrete materials, the balance model and backtracking, explaining the process
  • solving linear equations such as 3x+7=19 algebraically, and verifying the solution by substitution

  VC2M7A03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Algebra

• VC2M7A02

  apply the associative, commutative and distributive laws to aid mental and written computation, and formulate algebraic expressions using constants, variables, operations and brackets

  Elaborations

  • simplifying calculations
  • forming simple estimates for calculations involving multiple and/or combined operations
  • generalising arithmetic expressions to algebraic expressions involving constants, variables, operations and brackets; for example, 7+7+7=3×7, x+x+x=3×x noting that 3x includes implied multiplication and recognising the difference between 3x+4 and 3x+4
  • formulating algebraic expressions that represent mathematical relationships; for example, translating from words to symbols in ‘think of a number’ type activities
  • recognising and applying the concept of variable as something that can change in value, investigating the relationships between variables, and the application to processes on Country/Place, including how cultural expressions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, such as storytelling, communicate mathematical relationships that can be represented as mathematical expressions

  VC2M7A02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Algebra

• VC2M8M06

  use Pythagoras’ theorem to solve problems involving the side lengths of right-angled triangles

  Elaborations

  • discussing and comparing different applications, demonstrations and proofs of Pythagoras’ theorem, from Egypt and Mesopotamia, Greece, India and China, with other historical and contemporary applications and proofs
  • using Pythagoras’ theorem to determine unknown lengths of sides in right-angled triangles and finding lengths of sides of right-angled triangles in practical applications
  • recognising the relationship between the squares of lengths of sides for different types of triangles: right-angled, acute or obtuse
  • identifying Pythagorean triples, such as (3, 4, 5), (5, 12, 13), (7, 24, 25) and (8, 15, 17)

  VC2M8M06 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 8 | Measurement

• VCSIS036

  Actively join in exploration of familiar objects and events

  Elaborations

  • asking questions about objects used in everyday life
  • following directions and asking questions about everyday objects and events

  VCSIS036 | Science | Level D | Science Inquiry Skills | Questioning and predicting

• VCASFC127

  Participate in simple interactions with their peers and teachers using high-frequency signs, non-manual features and gestures to talk about self, family and class activities

  Elaborations

  • using greetings and farewells following modelled signs such as HELLO, HOW-ARE-YOU? SEE LATER, GOOD MORNING M-R J-O-N-E-S
  • asking and answering questions that require an affirmative or negative response, for example:
    WANT PLAY HIDE-AND-SEEK?
    Do you want to play hide and seek?
    PRO2 ALIGHT?
    Are you alright?
    
  • asking and answering simple questions about family, friends and pets, such as:
    PRO2 BIRD HAVE PRO2?
    Do you have a bird?
    PRO1 DON’T-HAVE
    I don’t have one.
    SISTER-BROTHER HOW MANY?
    How many brothers and sisters do you have?
    2 BROTHER 1 SISTER
    Two brothers and one sister.
    
  • describing the appearance of people or objects using simple statements and supporting pictures or props, for example:
    PRO3 HAVE DS:curly-hair
    He has curly hair.
    THAT HORSE BIG
    The horse is big.
    
  • expressing likes and dislikes using simple statements such as:
    PRO1 LIKE SCHOOL
    I like school.
    FLOWER DON’T-LIKE
    I don’t like flowers.
    PRO1 HATE APPLES
    I hate apples.
    
  • expressing feelings using lexical signs and affective NMFs, for example:
    PRO1 HAPPY
    I’m happy.
    PRO3 GRUMPY
    She’s grumpy.
    
  • expressing wishes for particular occasions or events, for example, THANK-YOU, GOOD-LUCK or HAPPY BIRTHDAY
  • making arrangements using simple time markers without numeral incorporation, for example, TODAY, TOMORROW, NEXT-WEEK
  • referring to family members and classmates by fingerspelling a name or using a sign name
  • describing what they are doing in class activities using plain verbs, for example, PRO1 RUN, PRO1 READ

  VCASFC127 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCDEU115

  Understand some first elements of German grammar, such as simple verb forms, definite articles and pronouns, to identify and describe people and objects in the family and school domains

  Elaborations

  • noticing that German has multiple words for ‘the’ and ‘a/an’
  • identifying people, animals and things using an article and a concrete noun (der Lehrer, eine Freundin) or a pronoun (ich, du, er, sie, es, wir)
  • using the possessive adjectives mein/e and dein/e or a form of haben and an indefinite article to express a relationship to a person or object, for example, Das ist mein Bleistift; Ich habe einen Bruder
  • describing people, animals or objects using bin/bist/ist and an adjective, for example, Ich bin klein; Der Bär ist braun; Das Buch ist neu
  • understanding and describing actions using verbs such as gehen, kommen, machen, malen, lesen, schreiben, sehen, singen, spielen and wohnen
  • negating verbs and adjectives using nicht
  • understanding and using some question words and the intended/related answer in limited contexts, including was (an object), wer (a person), wie (manner), wo (a place), wann (a time) and wie viele (quantity)
  • understanding the location or origin of a person or object, such as hier, links and rechts, and prepositions such as auf, aus, hinter, in, neben and unter
  • gaining awareness of vocabulary referring to time, such as days, months, time of day (Morgen, Nachmittag, Mittag) and o’clock time, for example, Es ist drei Uhr.
  • gaining awareness of terms referring to quantities of people and things, including cardinal numbers (0–20) and mehr, viel/e, nichts and kein/e

  VCDEU115 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLVC155

  Gather, record and classify information from a range of sources from Country/Place, historical documents and contemporary resources

  Elaborations

  • finding out the origins of Indigenous names, for example, of streets, city parks, rivers, public institutions, social programs in their area
  • labelling, ordering and classifying natural objects from the environment according to Indigenous taxonomies
  • obtaining information from a variety of sources about the natural environment, for example, by listening to visiting respected community members, reading, viewing, consulting historical resources and photos, and presenting findings in chart, poster, table, graphic or digital form
  • reading, viewing or listening to simple texts such as posters, signs, historical documents, word lists, answering questions by selecting from options and filling in gaps
  • viewing a demonstration, for example, of cooking bush tucker, cooking in an earth oven, and recording key words/phrases related to processes associated with the collection and preparation of food
  • surveying peers and community members on different topics, for example, favourite television programs, video games, foods, football teams, sports or bands, after school activities/time spent in those activities, languages spoken; and presenting results in chart, graph or digital formats
  • labelling, drawing and matching inside and outside body parts
  • observing and reading signs of Country/Place with the guidance of respected community members/community speakers, for example, the presence of bees, dragonflies, changing colours of bark, different tracks, tides, seaweed dumps, regeneration of vegetation, special (warning) calls of birds, turtle mating, ripening of fruit, changes in the night sky; and recording these details through photos, pictures, diagrams, captions, simple descriptions and commentaries
  • classifying different types of plants/parts of plants and their uses, for example, what different parts are used for or which are poisonous, presenting findings in chart, poster, table, graphic or digital form
  • mapping Country/Place in various forms, for example, on paper, in sand or mud, labelling key topographical features and infrastructure and making simple statements about their locations in relation to other places, for example, east, west, near, far, other side of…
  • investigating and discussing where appropriate the meaning of personal and family names of Aboriginal origin
  • surveying and comparing healthy ways of eating, for example, by identifying what is available from the school canteen and listing which healthy foods they like to eat, recording and presenting results in chart, graph or digital format or by giving an oral presentation

  VCLVC155 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Communicating | Informing

• VCDEU132

  Notice and apply elements of German grammar such as gender and singular/plural forms, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns and word order in simple spoken and written texts

  Elaborations

  • recognising the link between a noun’s gender and its definite/indefinite article and nominative pronoun in relation to people, for example, der Bruder, ein Bruder, er
  • using the nominative and accusative indefinite articles to denote an unspecified person or object, for example, Rotkäppchen hatte einen Korb.
  • comparing pluralisation of nouns in German and English, and using die for plural nouns in German, for example, der Apfel/die Äpfel
  • describing a relationship using a possessive adjective, for example, mein/e, dein/e, sein/e, ihr/e
  • understanding and using pronouns to refer to people, for example, ich, du, er, sie (singular); wir, ihr, sie (plural); Sie heißt Anna. Sie heißen Ben und Sarah.
  • using the correct verb form associated with a noun or pronoun or combination thereof, for example, Die Lehrerin singt ein Lied; Herr Schwarz trinkt Kaffee; Sie spielt Tennis; Mein Freund und ich sprechen Englisch.
  • using present tense forms of irregular verbs such as haben and sein and recognising similarities to the English verbs ‘to have’ and ‘to be’
  • describing capabilities and preferences using limited forms of the modal verbs können and mögen, for example, Ich kann gut schwimmen. Er mag Cricket. Wir möchten eine Party machen.
  • understanding and describing current and recurring actions using verbs such as essen, fliegen, fressen, laufen, leben, schwimmen, sprechen and trinken
  • understanding and describing past events using the simple past tense of familiar verbs such as war, hatte, ging, sah, spielte and machte
  • joining words, phrases and sentences using und, oder and aber
  • understanding the meaning of and using common time phrases and cohesive devices, for example, gestern, heute, dann and zuerst
  • understanding and formulating questions using subject–verb inversion, for example, Magst du Sport?
  • understanding and using a range of question words and the intended/related answer, for example, woher, welcher and wie viel
  • locating events in time with regard to days, months, seasons and ‘half past’ time, for example, Ich spiele im Winter Fußball. Die Schule beginnt um halb neun.
  • describing location formulaically using prepositional phrases such as im Wasser, in der Luft, auf dem Land, neben dem Tisch or auf der linken Seite
  • using ordinal numbers to give the date, for example, Heute ist der dritte Juli. Er hat am siebten August Geburtstag.
  • referring to quantities of people and things (including money) using cardinal numbers up to 100

  VCDEU132 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCEALA435

  Compare and contrast aspects of a text in English with a comparable home language text

  Elaborations

  • completing a Venn diagram or table with features of an English text and a home language text
  • identifying parts of an English text and a home language text that help achieve a purpose, for example by answering ‘Which parts of each text tell you when the events happened?’

  VCEALA435 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Reading and Viewing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALL601

  Use single clauses, or use simple coordinating and subordinating conjunctions to combine clauses

  Elaborations

  • constructing compound sentences with a range of coordinating conjunctions (such as ‘and’, ‘but’), for example ‘They knocked on door but nobody answered’
  • constructing complex sentences using some common subordinating conjunctions (such as ‘as’, ‘when’, ‘until’), for example ‘When they arrived, they knocked on door’

  VCEALL601 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCMNA072

  Compare, order and make correspondences between collections, initially to 20, and explain reasoning

  Elaborations

  • comparing and ordering items of like and unlike characteristics using the words ‘more’, ‘less’, ‘same as’ and ‘not the same as’ and giving reasons for these answers
  • understanding and using terms such as ‘first’ and ‘second’ to indicate ordinal position in a sequence.
  • using objects which are personally and culturally relevant to students

  VCMNA072 | Mathematics | Foundation Level | Number and Algebra | Number and place value

• VCEALL415

  Respond appropriately to structures through word order and vocabulary rather than through intonation

  Elaborations

  • understanding vocabulary and word order for structures, such as questions, statements and negation
  • using question words rather than intonation to indicate a question; for example ‘Do you …?’, ‘What is …?’, ‘Can anybody …?’

  VCEALL415 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCASFU088

  Investigate and analyse the nature of and community attitudes to variation in the use of Auslan

  Elaborations

  • recognising that there is a greater degree of flexibility and variability in ‘oral’, face-to-face languages such as Auslan compared to spoken/written languages passed on from parents to children, for example, less standardisation and minimal ‘frozen texts’, and considering reasons for such differences
  • researching different aspects of variation in the use of Auslan, considering influences such as geographical location, social groupings, history, educational experience, age of learning, family background and contact with Signed English or other languages
  • debating the merits and disadvantages of creating a standard form of Auslan, for example the benefits of mutual comprehensibility versus the practical problems involved in who decides on the standard and how to get signers to comply
  • considering the effect that expanding sign language interpreter services might have on standardising Auslan, especially in the areas of education and medicine
  • noticing ways people might adapt language according to situation of use, such as when signing to a large audience, the use of one hand or two, clarity of sign production, size of signing space, pace, NMFs, pauses and amount of fingerspelling
  • considering how Auslan has been influenced by the use of Signed English in education settings (especially from the 1970s to the 1990s) and cultural attitudes towards Signed English

  VCASFU088 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFU214

  Investigate and analyse the nature of and community attitudes to variation in the use of Auslan

  Elaborations

  • recognising that there is a greater degree of flexibility and variability in ‘oral’, face-to-face languages such as Auslan compared to spoken/written languages passed on from parents to children, for example, less standardisation and minimal ‘frozen texts’, and considering reasons for such differences
  • researching different aspects of variation in the use of Auslan, considering influences such as geographical location, social groupings, history, educational experience, age of learning, family background and contact with Signed English or other languages
  • debating the merits and disadvantages of creating a standard form of Auslan, for example the benefits of mutual comprehensibility versus the practical problems involved in who decides on the standard and how to get signers to comply
  • considering the effect that expanding sign language interpreter services might have on standardising Auslan, especially in the areas of education and medicine.
  • noticing ways people might adapt language according to situation of use, such as when signing to a large audience, the use of one hand or two, clarity of sign production, size of signing space, pace, NMFs, pauses and amount of fingerspelling
  • considering how Auslan has been influenced by the use of Signed English in education settings (especially from the 1970s to 1990s) and cultural attitudes towards Signed English

  VCASFU214 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCDEC021

  Access and analyse information, feelings and opinions in a range of digital, print and multimodal texts

  Elaborations

  • listening to and viewing short informative texts such as television news items (Deutsche Welle), promotional videos or documentaries, and using tools such as guided note-taking or a concept map to extract key information to reuse in own texts
  • gathering information from appropriate sources about a topic of interest, for example, use of technology, healthy lifestyles, or aspects of life in German-speaking countries (sporting clubs, travel and holiday destinations)
  • compiling and comparing information and views/opinions from a range of spoken or written reports, for example, from interviews and evaluation forms related to a Schüleraustausch or Arbeitspraktikum
  • listening to, reading or viewing interviews with ordinary people, sports stars, musicians, environmentalists or politicians, and summarising and recording information and opinions, for example, writing a journal entry or blog describing a typical day and working conditions in a particular profession
  • using print and digital resources such as dictionaries, grammar references and encyclopaedias to support comprehension and research

  VCDEC021 | Languages | German | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing