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• VCKOC135

  Participate in collaborative tasks and shared experiences such as creating and playing simple language games or dialogues that involve simple negotiation, or preparing and presenting a group display

  Elaborations

  • asking and responding to questions in group activities such as number games, for example, using 몇이에요? and …이에요/예요, for example, 삼이에요 to form a group with those who have the same number card
  • negotiating requests using simple Korean expressions, for example, 지우개 있어요?; 아니요, 없어요; 빌려 주세요; 네, 여기 있어요
  • preparing, rehearsing and carrying out presentations, such as a Korean item for school assembly, or a digital presentation about a significant cultural event or celebration,for example, Taegeukgi, taekwondo

  VCKOC135 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCKOC191

  Initiate, sustain and extend interactions with each other and with other familiar and less familiar people, for example, by seeking and giving advice, discussing aspirations, relationships and social and cultural issues, exchanging and reflecting on different ideas

  Elaborations

  • asking for and providing specific information in sustained interactions, for example, 언제 한국에 가 봤어요? 작년 여름에 갔다 왔어요, 그 때한국은 여름이 아니고 겨울이었어요, …; 크리스만 안 보이는데요? 아마 크리켓을 하고 있을 거예요 …
  • following up own and others’ responses by elaborating on and extending the topic, for example, 누구하고 같이 갔어요? 가족하고 함께 갔어요; 거기에서 뭐 했어요?; 왜 저 가수를좋아해요? 노래도 잘 하고 멋있잖아요 …
  • sharing ideas and making suggestions relating to own and others’ experiences, for example, 한강에서 축제를 한다고 해요. 여러분도 한번 축제에 가 보세요
  • participating in exchanges, using communication strategies such as showing empathy, down-toning or indirectly expressing disagreement, for example, 그렇지요?; 좋았겠어요; 아마;글쎄요; 그런가요?; 아닌 것 같은데요
  • corresponding with peers by using telephone/video calls, text messages or computer-mediated communication tools to build relationships and share views on aspects of teenage life, such as friends, responsibilities, interests, aspirations and topical issues, for example, 함께 한국에 가면 재미있을 것 같아요; 왜 숙제를 못 했어요?; 축구를 하느라고숙제를 못 했어요; 공부하느라고 바쁜 척했어요; 주말에 음악을 들으면서 책을 읽었어요; 비행기를 기다리는 동안에 인터넷을 했어요

  VCKOC191 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCKOC022

  Use classroom language to participate in shared activities and everyday routines, such as asking for clarification and responding to others’ requests and questions

  Elaborations

  • participating in reflective activities and evaluations of classroom experiences using language such as 어떻게 생각해요? 제생각에는 …, 아마 …, 글쎄요, –(으)ㄴ/는 것 같아요
  • checking understanding and indicating understanding or not understanding (알겠어요? 네, 알겠어요/아니요, 모르겠어요)
  • giving and following instructions such as 책을 책상 위에 놓으세요; 쓰지마세요 and requesting clarification, for example, 다시 설명해 주세요; 무슨 뜻이에요?
  • asking for and making suggestions relating to shared activities, for example, 무엇을 먼저 이야기할까요? …한테 물어 보세요

  VCKOC022 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCKOC182

  Create spoken, written or multimodal texts that reflect significant experiences related to the experience of learning Korean language and culture

  Elaborations

  • mapping their own linguistic and cultural profiles, for example, by creating a chart/timeline/webprofile to highlight formative elements such as family languages, key relationships and intercultural experiences
  • describing their significant past encounters with Korean language and culture involving people, places and events, and the influence these encounters have had in shaping own identity, recording their experiences by, for example, keeping a digital/online journal in blogs or wikis
  • reflecting on own identity, relating it to own past experience involving Korean language and culture,and considering how others’ experience impacts on their identity
  • sharing and comparing, face-to-face and online, cultural and intercultural experiences and language capabilities, and exchanging views on the benefits of speaking more than one language, such as having a larger vocabulary to draw on, new insights and perspectives, and opportunities for new experiences

  VCKOC182 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCKOU187

  Explore how language use varies according to context, purpose and audience and to the mode of delivery and the relationship between participants

  Elaborations

  • identifying linguistic/textual features used in different types of text, for example, different degrees of formality and flexibility expressed in conversations, speeches, letters, emails and electronic text messages
  • recognising how language use, such as the level of politeness, reflects the intention of the speaker or author and impacts on the further development of relationships, for example, switching from a polite style to an intimate style (저를 좋아해요?; 나 좋아해?)
  • comparing language structures in Korean and English and how these are used to create affinity or distance, for example, the use of 반말 or colloquial language
  • comparing elements of communication such as body language, the use of personal space and silence in different cultural contexts and exchanges

  VCKOU187 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCKOU014

  Recognise and use vocabulary relating to familiar environments and activities such as home, school, daily routines, leisure activities and cultural celebrations

  Elaborations

  • discriminating between content words (words that have more to do with meaning, such as 나무 or 예뻐요) and function words (words that have less to do with meaning and more to do with grammatical functions, such as –이/가, 을/를, –은/는)
  • identifying family members using basic kinship terms (어머니, 아버지, 동생, 언니, 오빠, 형) and others in school environments (선생님, 학생, 친구)
  • using vocabulary to describe people, animals or objects, for example, names of body parts (눈, 코. 입, 머리, 날개, …) and colours (빨간색, 노란색, 갈색, …)
  • identifying familiar things, pets/animals, activities and places, using basic common nouns (운동, 수영, 축구, 요리, 음식, 사과, 오렌지, 집, 동물원, 공원, 영화, 코알라, 캥거루, 고양이, 강아지, 토끼, 호랑이, 여우, …) including some words for Korean food (밥, 불고기, 김치, …) and loan words from English (바비큐, 아이스크림, 크리켓, 텔레비전, 쇼핑, 컴퓨터, 조깅,…)
  • identifying objects and facilities in the school environment (책, 책상, 화장실, 매점, 교실, 음악실, 수영장, …), known languages (한국어, 영어, 아보리진어, 스페인어, 중국어, ...) and countries they are spoken in (한국, 호주, 스페인, 중국, ...)
  • using common descriptive/action verbs to describe qualities/states (좋아요, 예뻐요, 재미있어요, 재미없어요, 키가 커요/작아요, 착해요, 귀여워요, 맛있어요, 맛없어요, 맞아요, 틀려요) and actions (가요,먹어요, 좋아해요, 공부해요, 일어나요, 알아요. 몰라요, 주세요, 앉으세요, 보세요, 들으세요, 쓰세요, 따라하세요, 미세요, 당기세요), including some abstract words such as 중요해요
  • qualifying actions or states/qualities using basic adverbs (아주, 잘, 같이, 빨리, 천천히)
  • marking time using time vocabulary 어제, 오늘, 내일, 주말, –요일 (월요일, …)
  • referring to what is being communicated / discussed using 이/그/저 (이 사과가 맛있어요), 이것/저것/그것 (이것이 영어로 뭐예요?) or 여기/저기/거기 when referring to a place (여기가 우리 집이에요)
  • using numbers in Korean expressed in two different systems for different things (하나, 둘, 셋, … versus 일, 이, 삼, …)
  • using basic counters and Arabic numerals with appropriate pronunciations, for example, 사과 한 개, 학생 세 명, 11 살, 7 학년
  • using basic honorific/humble words appropriately, for example, 저, 선생님, 생신
  • using idiomatic expressions forgreeting, farewelling, for some learning activities and everyday interactions, for example, 안녕하세요? 만나서 반가워요, 안녕히가세요/계세요, 고맙습니다, 감사합니다, 환영합니다, 생일 축하합니다, … 같아요, …계 … 사람 (중국계 호주 사람), … 회원이에요
  • recognising some words related to celebrations, festivals or traditions in Korea, for example, 설날, 세배, 첫돌, 연날리기, 한복
  • recognising some specialised vocabulary, for example, 안전띠, 구명 조끼, 비상구, …

  VCKOU014 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOU012

  Recognise features of the Korean sound and writing systems including Hangeul, making connections between spoken and written Korean texts

  Elaborations

  • listening to and reproducing the sounds of Korean, noticing sound-symbol correspondence, for example, in consonants (발 versus 팔, 갈 versus칼), in diphthongs transcribed as combinations of vowel letters (반가워요, 와요, 왜, 의사, 가위) and in tense consonants transcribed by double-consonant letters (살 versus 쌀, 자요 versus 짜요, 고리 versus 꼬리, 방 versus빵)
  • recognising the differences in intonation between statements, questions, requests and commands, for example, 가요; 가요?; 가요; 가요!
  • constructing syllable blocks in different shapes, where a consonant and a vertical vowel are positioned side by side (for example, 가), a horizontalvowel is positioned underneath a consonant (for example, 누), or a consonant or a consonant cluster is added as asyllable-final consonant (받침) under the first two types of syllable blocks, for example, 각, 눈, 닭
  • combining syllable blocks to write a word and applying spacing rules (띄어쓰기) and basic phonological rules (for example, 친구가 교실에서 책을 읽어요) when reading and writing

  VCKOU012 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOU185

  Understand and use some words and expressions that reflect Korean culture, noticing those that need additional explanation to convey their original meaning in translation

  Elaborations

  • using a range of nouns to describe aspects of everyday life in home and school environments and of topics of interest, such as names of subjects (과학, 수학, …) and sports/games including traditional Korean sports/games (축구, 야구, 씨름, 윷놀이, …), nouns related to activities such as excursions or school camp (소풍, 캠프, 날짜, 장소, 시간, 준비물, …) and those related to transactions outside the home and school (가게, 식당, 병원, …)
  • using a range of action/descriptive verbs commonly used in basic interpersonal and transactional interactions including those for more complex activities (바빠요, 싸요, 비싸요, 자요, 타요, 사요,갈아타세요)
  • using vocabulary to express some abstract ideas (for example, 과학적, 정보, 동의해요) or describe issues relating to technology, those drawn from other learning areas or environmental issues (for example, naming some popular Korean food, such as, 순두부 찌개, 불고기, and major cities or landmarks in Korea, for example, 서울, 한강, 서울역
  • identifying commonly used culture-specific words and expressions in Korean and understanding the cultural backgrounds of such words/expressions, for example, names of festival days (명절) and their associated vocabulary or expressions, for example: 설날, 세배(하다), 떡국, 새해 복 많이 받으세요, 윷놀이, …; 단오, 그네뛰기, …; 추석, 성묘(하다), 송편, …
  • using a range of descriptive verbs to express emotions, sensory qualities or impressions (for example, 아름다워요, 신나요,매워요, 짜요, 아파요, …) including idiomatic phrases (기분이 좋아요) and those closely related to the Korean view of life and human relationships (정들었어요)
  • identifying and using basic onomatopoeic and mimetic expressions in Korean (for example, 문을 똑똑 두드려요;비가 주룩주룩 와요), and translating such words, providing additional explanations to make meanings closer to the original
  • comparing Korean and English as to how expressiveness is realised in the form of language, for example, by translating into English sentences such as 첨벙첨벙 물놀이를 해요, 아기가 콜콜 자요
  • indicating comparative quality using 더or 제일/가장, for example, 저는 더큰 가방이 필요해요, 저는 불고기가 가장/제일 좋아요
  • using adverbs to:
    • emphasise or mitigate the quality expressed, for example, 너무, 조금, 정말
    • add temporal quality to the event expressed, for example, 벌써, 아직
    • indicate frequency, for example, 가끔, 보통, 자주, 언제나
    • indicate directions, for example, 쭉, 곧장
    • add some specificity to time words using 지난 or 다음 (지난 주말에 ..., 다음 월요일에 …)
  • using location nouns such as 앞, 뒤, 위 아래, 옆, 왼쪽, 오른쪽
  • using question words such as 언제, 어디서, 어떻게, 어느, and 무슨 to obtain specific information
  • using humble/honorific words such as 드려요, 드세요, 진지
  • recognising fillers (such as 아, 음, 저. …) and exclamations (such as 어머나!, 아이고! 진짜!)

  VCKOU185 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOU168

  Recognise that variables such as age and personal and social relationships impact on language use in Korean, considering similar variations in language use in English and other languages represented in the classroom

  Elaborations

  • recognising social relationships between participants in interactions through their language use, for example, 미안합니다/미안해요/미안해
  • reflecting on how such differences are expressed in own and other cultures and languages
  • analysing how the language of texts such as invitations and greeting cards can vary depending on the occasion and the degree of closeness of the relationship between people

  VCKOU168 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCKOU207

  Reflect on the dynamic and ecological nature of language that interacts with constantly changing environments such as contact with different languages and cultures and changing sociocultural circumstances in local and global contexts, identifying and illustrating examples from Korean language...

  Elaborations

  • exploring how Korean language has changed over time, for example, by viewing Korean dramas in historical settings and those in contemporary settings and comparing the language used between people in comparable relationships such as between family members
  • examining possible influences on language change in Korean, such as exposure to other languages, contexts of use and the development of digital technology
  • comparing spoken and written texts (for example, spoken and print advertisements, face-to-face conversations and emails) to understand how mode relates to linguistic structures and features, and how this affects meaning
  • understanding that languages incorporate other languages into their systems and examining how this takes place in Korean, for example, 조깅해요, 온라인으로

  VCKOU207 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCKOU037

  Understand the symbolic nature and power of language in local and global contexts

  Elaborations

  • understanding the nature of language that reflects and may effect changes in peoples’ way of thinking and in aspects of society, finding examples from Korean, English and other known languages (for example, discouraging the use of language that implies social discrimination or replacing it with alternatives or newly created vocabulary
  • identifying the function and power of cultural expressions such as stories, symbols, icons and anthems, for example, 단군신화, 애국가, 아리랑, 태극기, the Dreamtime, Aboriginal and Australian flags
  • exploring and discussing how and why new products and practices from other cultures are adopted, typically with terminology in the language/s associated
  • collecting and discussing examples of language impacting on society and culture, drawing on other learning areas such as history, social studies and the arts

  VCKOU037 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCKOU148

  Recognise differences in language features and text structures in different types of texts, including those in digital form, used in familiar contexts

  Elaborations

  • identifying familiar text types in different modes and using them in activities such as converting dialogues to chants
  • recognising language features typically associated with particular texts, for example, the use of imperatives in games
  • noticing differences between written and spoken texts (for example, comparing a written story with a spoken version), or comparing how texts within the same mode can differ, for example, a birthday card and an email message

  VCKOU148 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOU189

  Explore the power and influence of language in local and global contexts

  Elaborations

  • investigating examples of the social power of language, drawing on other learning areas such as the humanities, other languages and the arts
  • reflecting on and sharing experiences where language has played a vital role in their daily life, such as improving or maintaining social relationships (for example, giving praise, persuading)
  • recognising the importance of a writing system suitable for its oral language in transmitting culture within its community and across time

  VCKOU189 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCKOU132

  Recognise that Korean is one of many languages spoken in multicultural Australia and in the world

  Elaborations

  • understanding that the world contains many different languages spoken by many different communities of speakers and that most people in the world speak more than one language
  • naming languages they have encountered in their everyday life, such as the languages of their neighbours or classmates
  • exploring the range of languages spoken in Australia, including Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages, Asian languages and world languages

  VCKOU132 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCKOU126

  Recognise the sounds of the Korean language and the forms of Hangeul syllable blocks, and understand that the syllable block is the basic unit of writing in Korean, associating individual syllable blocks with their pronunciations

  Elaborations

  • differentiating Korean and English sounds, for example, by comparing names in Korean and English (for example, 로버트versus ‘Robert’)
  • categorising names according to their first consonant, for example, 마크, 매튜, 마이클
  • discriminating between simple vowel and consonant letters in a syllable block
  • recognising the order of strokes in writing syllable blocks

  VCKOU126 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOU131

  Recognise that languages change continuously and borrow words from each other

  Elaborations

  • recognising loan words originating from other languages, for example, 코알라, 캥거루, 펭귄, 초코렛, 아이스크림
  • identifying Korean words used in English contexts, for example, taekwondo, kimchi

  VCKOU131 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCKOU128

  Notice and use simple vocabulary to identify familiar objects and to describe simple actions, states or qualities in familiar contexts

  Elaborations

  • identifying and using basic words for familiar objects, for example, body parts, pets and days of the week
  • responding to a simple question using 네/아니요 to express agreement/disagreement
  • using basic verbs with the –어/아요 ending in familiar contexts, for example, 있어요, 없어요, 좋아해요

  VCKOU128 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOU206

  Examine variations and expectations reflected in Korean language that relate to roles, relationships and contexts of interactions, considering how and why these differ from interactions in English or in other languages represented in the classroom

  Elaborations

  • using language, body language and gestures in culturally appropriate ways, identifying and reflecting on expected roles in contexts specific to Korean or Australian culture
  • discussing possible consequences resulting from language use related to different cultures, reflecting on how Korean ways of thinking and world views are reflected in Korean language by analysing texts such as old sayings, axioms, idioms and lyrics, for example, 호랑이도 제 말하면 온다, 김칫국부터 마신다, 빈 수레가요란하다, 아리랑
  • reflecting on English old sayings, axioms, idioms and lyrics that could be possible equivalents to Korean examples, and discussing how ways of thinking and world views are reflected in different ways around the same ideas/phenomena in different cultures and languages

  VCKOU206 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCKOU150

  Understand that languages change over time and influence each other through contact and cultural exchanges

  Elaborations

  • viewing images of the original version of 훈민정음 and recognising that some letters in the original are not used in modern Korean, for example, •, ᅙ, ᅀ
  • reflecting on and discussing which languages Korean might have influenced and might have been influenced by over time, for example,Chinese, Japanese, English, French and Italian

  VCKOU150 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCKOU171

  Explore how beliefs and value systems are reflected in everyday language use

  Elaborations

  • understanding the significance of social conventions and cultural concepts, for example, 잘 먹겠습니다, 잘 먹었습니다
  • reflecting on diverse interpretations of everyday language use in Korean, for example, possible interpretations of such phrases as 어디 가요? and밥 먹었어요? as either greetings or genuine questions depending on the context
  • reflecting on and comparing culturally embedded meanings of equivalent proverbs in Korean and English, providing possible reasons for the differences in expression of the same meaning, for example, 식은 죽먹기 versus ‘piece of cake’

  VCKOU171 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture