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• VCELY047

  Use images to obtain meaning from shared texts

  Elaborations

  • attending to familiar images and objects in texts
  • attending and reproducing some sounds and actions

  VCELY047 | Curriculum content | English | Level B | Reading and Viewing | Literacy

• VCITU052

  Use grammatical knowledge, to interpret and create meaning in Italian

  Elaborations

  • using both regular and irregular plural nouns, for example, un ginocchio/due ginocchia
  • using suffixes to modify Italian nouns and adjectives, for example, treno — trenino; casa — casetta; parola — parolaccia; bravo — bravissimo; fratello — fratellino; povero —poverino
  • recognising the imperative as a formulaic expression, for example, Dammi!
  • noticing adjective–noun agreement, for example, I bambini piccoli; Anna è alta ma Mario è basso
  • expressing positive and negative preferences using adverbs to intensify the meaning, for example, Mi piace molto la cioccolata; Non mi piace tanto ballare
  • expressing negation, for example, Non sono italiano. Non mi piace l’ insalata
  • formulating questions and requests, for example, Che ora è? Pronto, chi parla? Quando comincia la scuola? Dove andiamo stasera?
  • using ordinal numbers to sequence, for example, la seconda classe, la quinta, la terza aula
  • recognising the position of adverbs in sentences, for example, Non vado mai al cinema; Cammino lentamente
  • using present tense of regular, some irregular verbs, and immediate future tense to present situations and events for example, using avere, essere, stare, giocare, dormire, fare, leggere, scrivere, andare in sentences such as: Andrea va a casa alle sei. Anna ha due fratelli. Vado al cinema domani
  • using reflexive verbs and simple past tense as formulaic expressions, for example, Mi alzo alle sette. Sono andato/a al cinema
  • developing metalanguage to describe patterns, grammatical rules and variations in language structures

  VCITU052 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCMMG169

  Compare the areas of regular and irregular shapes by informal means

  Elaborations

  • comparing areas using metric units, such as counting the number of square centimetres required to cover two areas by overlaying the areas with a grid of centimetre squares

  VCMMG169 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Measurement and Geometry | Shape

• VCNRU115

  Develop knowledge of vocabulary and sentence structures to elaborate meaning

  Elaborations

  • extending understanding and use of present, past and future tenses
  • referring to the past, present and future using time indicators
  • expanding use of adjectives
  • developing knowledge of vocabulary relating to, for example, immediate environments, relationships, leisure, hobbies, shopping, travel

  VCNRU115 | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU013

  Engage with familiar text types to predict meaning

  Elaborations

  • viewing samples of children’s books, and identifying headings and images, appreciating their role in supporting understanding of texts
  • comparing similar texts in Chinese and English (for example, a poster for a movie, such as 《功夫熊猫》) and identifying major elements of the Chinese text

  VCZHU013 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELA325

  Understand the use of vocabulary to express greater precision of meaning, and know that words can have different meanings in different contexts

  Elaborations

  • moving from general, ‘all-purpose’ words, for example ‘cut’ to more specific words, for example ‘slice’, ‘dice’, ‘fillet’, ‘segment’

  VCELA325 | Curriculum content | English | Level 5 | Writing | Language

• VCJAU031

  Convey meaning by appropriately selecting and combining hiragana, katakana and kanji characters, and use understanding of kanji to predict meaning of unfamiliar words

  Elaborations

  • understanding that kanji are used for nouns, stems of verbs and adjectives, and some adverbs, and that the addition of hiragana to the stem of verbs and adjectives is called okurigana
  • recognising that many kanji have multiple readings and that there are two types of readings, that is, on-yomi (音; on ‘reading’ or ‘sound’), Chinese-style pronunciation; and kun-yomi (訓; kun ‘reading’ or ‘explanation’), Japanese-style pronunciation
  • developing strategies to guess the meaning of unknown words that contain familiar kanji, for example, 小学校(しょうがっこう)、 中学校(ちゅうがっこう)

  VCJAU031 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCADRD035

  Plan, structure and rehearse drama, exploring ways to communicate and refine dramatic meaning

  Elaborations

  • planning, organising and rehearsing dramatic action to present performances of devised and scripted drama, for example, working collaboratively to determine a clear and intended purpose and using available stagecraft and theatre technologies, and realise this in performance
  • using evaluations and responding to feedback when rehearsing, devising and scripting drama, for example, ‘What elements, forms and styles have been used? How have the elements and materials been used and organised to create meaning in different forms and styles? What elements, forms and styles are they using in their drama and why?’
  • using documentation such as a journal, blog or audio/video recording to analyse and evaluate the structural choices made in their devised drama
  • interpreting and directing scripted drama, considering how to use stagecraft and design elements to create specific effects

  VCADRD035 | The Arts | Drama | Levels 7 and 8 | Drama Practices

• VCARC156

  Engage in classroom interactions and exchanges, clarifying meaning, and describing and explaining actions and responses

  Elaborations

  • exchanging ideas and suggestions with peers, for example,

    ماذا تقترح يا سامي؟ أعطنا رأيك؛ كيف يمكن أن ننظّم الأدوار بيننا؟ ما رأيكم؟

  • clarifying meaning of common expressions by giving examples, such as

    أعني أنّ كل واحد منّا يكتب صفحة؛ أقصد أنا وهناء نبحث عن الصور؛ وعادل ووفاء وسمر يكتبون المقاطع؛ مثلاً؛ مثل؛ على سبيل المثال

  • contributing to class discussions by expressing opinions, using reflective language, for example,

    لو كان لدينا وقتاً أطول؛ لأضفنا موسيقى على البحث؛ كان الإمتحان صعباً وطويلاً؛ أصبحت القراءة في الصّف مملّة

  • describing actions and responses and giving reasons, for example, وضعتُ الصورة هنا لأنّها صغيرة ومناسبة؛ فاتني القطار لأنّني إستيقظت متأخراً؛ أنا متعب اليوم لأنّني نمت الساعة العاشرة ليلاً. إن ساعدتني في البحث؛ سنحصل على درجة عالية

  VCARC156 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCAVAP027

  Explore different ways of displaying artworks to enhance their meaning for an audience

  Elaborations

  • making decisions about how their artwork could be displayed, for example, mounted and framed, in public spaces, on the internet, and in the media
  • discussing how artworks are made and how the choice of materials can influence the meaning of artworks, for example, what the artwork is made of, the choice of material to enhance the audience’s understanding of the artist’s intention
  • exploring different ways of presenting artworks in different locations, for example, in folios, digitally, in a public space in the school
  • comparing the visual conventions in artworks made for specific purposes, for example, how the artist expresses an idea to show the audience a particular viewpoint

  VCAVAP027 | The Arts | Visual Arts | Levels 3 and 4 | Present and Perform

• VCCCTR059

  Exposure to meaning through practical application and example in everyday experiences

  Elaborations

  • beginning to use past experience to predict their preference, for example smile when they see their parent, reaching towards a preferred object
  • developing and refining reactions and responses based on adult feedback, for example developing a noise, action or gesture to gain attention

  VCCCTR059 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Level A | Reasoning

• VCCCTR006

  Consider how reasons and examples are used to support a point of view and illustrate meaning

  Elaborations

  • comparing a reason supported by an example and one without an example to show how examples help to clarify meaning
  • identifying how curiosity about the past compared to the present, can lead to seeking reasons and supporting examples
  • investigating how reasons can assist in decision-making between alternatives, for example discussing preferences for different data displays and how giving reasons for preferences assists with the final decision

  VCCCTR006 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Reasoning

• VCEALA116

  Understand how different types of images in texts contribute to meaning

  Elaborations

  • reading and viewing a range of factual and imaginative texts incorporating images, for example an illustrated story, report with diagrams, short documentary, infographic poster
  • using images on book covers or within the text to predict content
  • making connections between images and print text, for example matching a character’s name to an image, finding the name of a country on a map

  VCEALA116 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Reading and Viewing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA641

  Check and/or confirm the meaning of unfamiliar words using a bilingual dictionary

  Elaborations

  • using a bilingual dictionary to find an English equivalent for a word known in home language, or vice versa
  • recording spelling, meaning and translations of new words in a personal vocabulary list

  VCEALA641 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Reading and Viewing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA747

  Compare and contrast different ways of communicating meanings in home language and English

  Elaborations

  • discussing similarities and differences in text structure grammar, idiom and cultural meanings
  • sharing observations about similarities and differences between home language and English

  VCEALA747 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA382

  Draft a piece of writing focusing on meaning, and revise after rereading or discussion

  Elaborations

  • drafting based on a plan showing text organisation and sequence of ideas
  • reading aloud to self or partner to check meaning and comprehensibility
  • adding or deleting ideas, and correcting simple errors in spelling and punctuation after rereading or discussion with peers or teacher

  VCEALA382 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC164

  Ask for repetition or ask questions to check meaning or elicit help

  Elaborations

  • using simple formulaic expressions to make requests or ask questions, for example ‘Please say again’, ‘What is that?’
  • listening to and using speaker’s key words when asking for clarification, for example ‘What means “sibling”?

  VCEALC164 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC323

  Ask speaker to repeat or speak slowly, or ask what a word means

  Elaborations

  • using simple formulaic expressions to ask the speaker to repeat or speak slowly, for example ‘Please say that again’, ‘Please say it slowly’
  • generating a range of simple expressions to ask the meaning of a word, such as ‘What you mean?’, ‘What means “festival”?’, ‘What “dog”?’

  VCEALC323 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC486

  Express personal meanings non-verbally or using simple language

  Elaborations

  • showing personal non-verbal responses to oral texts, such as indicating a positive or negative reaction by smiling, nodding or pointing
  • beginning to use common expressions of opinion, for example ‘I think’, ‘I like’
  • using simple vocabulary to express personal needs and wants, such as ‘hungry’, ‘help’

  VCEALC486 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level CL | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC403

  Self-correct or reformulate language to convey meaning more clearly

  Elaborations

  • attending to the responses of listeners, such as body language, facial expressions or verbal feedback to judge whether clarification is needed
  • clarifying meaning, for example ‘I mean …’

  VCEALC403 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Speaking and Listening | Communication