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• VCRAC054

  Interact with others by making requests, seeking clarification, checking understanding and expressing opinions

  Elaborations

  • asking for clarification, such as how to spell a word or asking for meaning
  • apologising and making requests, giving help and responding to instructions and asking and responding to closed and open-ended questions

  VCRAC054 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCHIC044

  Translate simple school, community or media texts from Hindi to English and vice versa, explaining words or phrases that need to be interpreted or explained

  Elaborations

  • translating simple texts such as signs, menu items or public announcements from Hindi to English and vice versa, comparing which words they chose to convey the closest equivalent meaning
  • explaining Hindi words or expressions that they find difficult or amusing to explain to non-Hindi-speaking friends, for example, पेट में चूहे दौड़ रहे हैं।
  • identifying and working out the meaning of unfamiliar English words used in other curriculum areas, such as erosion, fraction, consumer, discussing how they would translate or explain them in Hindi
  • collecting proverbs used in their families, such as दूर के ढोल सुहावने, considering how to explain their meaning to non-Hindi-speaking friends
  • providing a literal translation of commonly-used expressions such as the greeting नमस्ते, and comparing with greetings used in English
  • learning to use bilingual print and digital dictionaries, identifying issues such as multiple meanings for words and the fact that meaning is not always literal

  VCHIC044 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCASFU232

  Explore different dimensions of variation in the structure, development and use of Auslan, including how it has been influenced by English and other signed languages

  Elaborations

  • exploring similarities and differences in the two main Auslan dialects, the northern dialect, used in New South Wales, Queensland and the Australian Capital Territory, and the southern dialect, used in Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania and the Northern Territory, for example through building webcam relationships with other schools or by identifying and collecting signs that differ in the two forms
  • researching how BSL from the 1800s evolved into Auslan, NZSL and modern BSL, for example by finding and classifying examples from Auslan, NZSL and BSL signbanks
  • understanding that while the structure of individual signs can change over time in regular ways, there is little information about this process in signed languages due to lack of historical records of signing
  • explaining the influence of other signed languages such as BSL, ISL and ASL on Auslan over different periods of time and in different domains of language use, and discussing why this is the case
  • noticing different ways that English words are borrowed into Auslan, for example, the use of fully fingerspelled words, such as D-U-E, N-O-U-N, the fingerspelling of the first letter of corresponding English words, for example TOILET, FATHER, or abbreviations of English words, for example, state names: S-A, N-S-W, V-I-C, T-A-S, and organisation names: N-A-B-S, W-A-A-D, N-S-W-A-D, D-C-S-S-A, and lexicalised fingerspelling, such as HOW, BUT, ABOUT, FOR
  • recognising that Auslan includes loan signs from Signed English, such as TOY or DAD, and understanding why some older deaf people are uncomfortable with these changes
  • looking at style shifts in domains where English is in closer contact with Auslan, such as the use of more English-like structures in formal and educational settings
  • considering adaptations to Auslan use when communicating in different physical environments, such as in video chats, across a large yard, or when one or both hands are occupied, for example, variations in vocabulary, size of signing space, clarity of signs, use of fingerspelling and NMFs
  • noticing the variation in ‘handedness’ between signers in relation to both signs and to fingerspelling: right handers using their right hand as their dominant (main) hand; left handers doing the opposite

  VCASFU232 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFC044

  Translate a variety of familiar school and community texts from Auslan to English and vice versa, identifying which words or phrases may not readily correspond across the two languages

  Elaborations

  • finding and using phrases that have direct sign-for-word translations between Auslan and English, such as Goodnight, Happy birthday and Happy New Year, and some that do not, such as None of your business!
  • identifying issues associated with translation, such as multiple meanings for words like run, the fact that meaning is not always literal and that sign translations of a word will vary according to the meaning of the concept in context
  • conducting sight translations of simple English texts such as short news articles
  • translating short texts such as children’s fairytales, simple song lyrics or a short poem from English to Auslan
  • translating and explaining the meaning of words or expressions associated with figurative language use in Auslan, such as TRAIN GONE, SORRY and comparing these to English idioms
  • determining the meaning of technical English words used in other curriculum areas, for example, natural disasters or global warming, demonstrating how they would translate or explain them in Auslan
  • translating the school song into Auslan, identifying lexical challenges and finding suitable Auslan equivalents to match the English concept
  • identifying and explaining signs that are not easy to translate into English because of culture-specific meaning and history, for example, signs such as Deaf school

  VCASFC044 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHC087

  Translate simple texts from Chinese to English and vice versa, identifying words and phrases in Chinese that do not readily translate into English, using contextual cues, action and gesture to assist translation

  Elaborations

  • translating English texts into Chinese, focusing on overall meaning, and identifying how best to interpret key words, for example, the use of 是 after first-, second- and third-person pronouns; numbers with measure words; possessives with 的; plurals
  • identifying Chinese symbols in print and digital texts (for example, the longevity symbol), and developing ways to include the culturally attached value when expressing the meaning of these symbols in English
  • learning how to look up unfamiliar characters and words in bilingual dictionaries, and experimenting with different online dictionaries and translation tools to investigate how specific meanings are rendered into English
  • translating public texts in Chinese (for example, signs in shops and restaurants) into English and explaining their possible meaning and purpose, for example, translating the sign 休息中 on an unlit shop window to mean ‘closed’ instead of its literal translation, ‘resting’
  • using etiquette phrases within appropriate contexts and discussing whether the translation of 对不起 is the same across contexts, for example comparing its meaning in 对不起，让一让 and 对不起，我错了

  VCZHC087 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCELY256

  Read an increasing range of imaginative, informative and persuasive texts by combining phonic, semantic, contextual and grammatical knowledge, using text processing strategies, including confirming, rereading and cross-checking

  Elaborations

  • combining different types of knowledge (for example word knowledge, vocabulary, grammar, phonics) to make decisions about unknown words, reading on, reviewing and summarising meaning
  • analysing the way illustrations help to construct meaning and interpreting different types of illustrations and graphics
  • reading text types from own culture to enhance confidence in building reading strategies
  • reading aloud with fluency and intonation
  • integrating use of sound-letter knowledge, meaning and grammar patterns as well as a range of reading strategies, for example, confirming, rereading and cross-checking, to read a wide variety of text types in guided reading

  VCELY256 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Reading and Viewing | Literacy

• VCESC116

  Translate frequently used words and simple phrases using visual cues and resources such as word lists

  Elaborations

  • explaining to others the meanings and use of simple expressions such as greetings that are used for different times and occasions, for example, ¡Buenos días! ¡Buenas tardes! ¡Buenas noches!
  • using classroom resources such as word banks/wall charts, visual dictionaries, word lists and pictures to translate the meaning of single words and common expressions
  • identifying words that look similar and have the same meaning in Spanish and English but are pronounced differently (animal, tomate, fruta, violín, guitarra, mosquito), and considering why these words are similar
  • demonstrating and explaining hand gestures, intonation patterns and facial expressions that accompany Spanish words and phrases or can be used without language

  VCESC116 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Translating

• VCCCG008

  Discuss the values, principles and institutions that underpin Australia’s democratic forms of government and explain how this system is influenced by the Westminster system

  Elaborations

  • explaining the role of the monarchy and its representatives in Australia including the Governor-General, and the parliaments and courts in Australia's system of government
  • discussing the meaning and importance of the values and principles of Australian democracy such as freedom, representation, majority rule, equality, fairness and justice

  VCCCG008 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 5 and 6 | Government and Democracy

• VCCCTM007

  Consider ways to express and describe thinking activity, including the expression of feelings about learning, both to others and self

  Elaborations

  • identifying words to describe learning experiences, for example ‘learning looks like/sounds like/feels like’
  • drawing and displaying pictures or symbols to represent the meaning of words associated with thinking activities such as ‘watching, wondering, finding, trying’

  VCCCTM007 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Meta-Cognition

• VCEALA147

  Show interest in patterns of spelling

  Elaborations

  • asking how to write new words
  • noticing similar spelling patterns, for example words that contain the same letter combinations, such as ‘find’ and ‘finger’; ‘air’ and ‘chair’
  • comparing words in English with home language forms and meanings

  VCEALA147 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA408

  Respond appropriately during different classroom activities

  Elaborations

  • interacting appropriately for the situation, for example formulating a structured response in a class discussion or negotiating meaning in a small-group activity
  • listening to other speakers and formulating relevant responses, using some topic vocabulary, for example when participating in brainstorming

  VCEALA408 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA170

  Use appropriate gestures and intonation for social interaction

  Elaborations

  • using appropriate non-verbal communication to support meaning, such as eye contact, nodding, gesturing
  • modifying voice features, such as volume, pace, intonation and emphasis, to suit different audiences and situations

  VCEALA170 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA745

  Discuss a point of language

  Elaborations

  • asking questions about points of grammar, such as ‘Why is it “the car door” and not “the car’s door”?’
  • comparing similarities and differences between home language and English, such as text structure, grammar, cultural meanings

  VCEALA745 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA411

  Make own translation of specific words and help other home language speakers to check context or match concepts

  Elaborations

  • inferring the meaning and translation of new words based on context and previous learning in home language
  • assisting same language peers through English and shared languages by explaining words and concepts

  VCEALA411 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA660

  Attempt to communicate more complex ideas by drawing on a bilingual dictionary or other home language resources

  Elaborations

  • consulting a bilingual dictionary or home language peers to search for words that communicate nuanced meaning
  • using online translation tools to generate approximate translations, and then improving these based on learnt grammatical patterns

  VCEALA660 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA532

  Use home language and/or mime to seek assistance from teachers or peers with an English word or phrase

  Elaborations

  • miming actions or showing an image to explain the meaning of the word sought in English
  • talking to language peers to explain the idea in home language and ask for a translation into English
  • asking peers or the teacher to write the word in English after hearing the translation

  VCEALA532 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level CL | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA721

  Use home language resources such as bilingual dictionaries to improve range and clarity of expression

  Elaborations

  • consulting print resources, such as bilingual dictionaries, charts, word lists, to develop vocabulary by looking up synonyms and antonyms
  • recording a vocabulary list that includes English, home language and details such as meaning, usage, related terms

  VCEALA721 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA040

  Use simple dictionaries and word charts

  Elaborations

  • referring to picture dictionaries or bilingual dictionaries in the classroom to check meaning or spelling
  • using words from classroom vocabulary charts when speaking or writing
  • keeping copies of vocabulary charts that include images, English and home language

  VCEALA040 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Reading and Viewing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC246

  Rehearse or role-play short scenarios or exchanges

  Elaborations

  • replicating features of conversation and exchange, for example interpersonal language or negotiation of meaning
  • exchanging and responding to feedback about aspects of speech, such as phrasing, fluency, intonation, volume and pace, with group members when rehearsing or performing role-plays

  VCEALC246 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC674

  Negotiate with peers and teachers in familiar informal and formal classroom situations

  Elaborations

  • negotiating with peers or teachers in a range of situations, such as when planning a project or exchanging information
  • asking clarifying questions in a variety of forms, such as ‘Do you mean that …?’, ‘Could you please explain …?’

  VCEALC674 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Speaking and Listening | Communication