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• VCZHC071

  Translate a range of Chinese texts and identify how some concepts can be readily translated between Chinese and English and some do not

  Elaborations

  • identifying core values implicit in interactions in Chinese and explaining these to English speakers, for example, describing the language of celebration, including the origins, significance and meanings of commonly used expressions such as 福如东海、年年有余
  • describing interactions, showing consideration of 面子, and discussing the differences in the significance of 面子 when the interaction occurs interculturally
  • interpreting key ideas conveyed in Chinese texts, discussing how to maintain the sentiment and intention of authors when retelling or summarising these in English, and understanding why this is important in translation
  • reading everyday Chinese texts encountered in shop brochures, product packaging and advertising; identifying challenges involved in conveying meaning in English; and explaining word choices and textual features employed to enhance meaning

  VCZHC071 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHC072

  Create bilingual texts, identifying similarities between Chinese and English syntax and vocabulary, and explaining how these similarities can be used when transferring culture- or context-specific ideas from Chinese into English

  Elaborations

  • producing bilingual displays about Chinese language, culture or contemporary society to share learning and knowledge with the whole school community, for example, a poster display on Chinese characters, on earthquake-prone areas such as Sichuan, on youth cultures in China, or on the Chinese community in Australia
  • creating own texts in Chinese and exploring how word choices impact on the subtlety or accuracy of intended meaning
  • considering ways of exemplifying ideas to ensure effective mediation of ideas or information as opposed to word for word translation, for example, 谢谢您！— 不谢！(‘Thank you!’ — ‘You’re welcome!’)
  • using alternative ways of expressing meanings when communicating complex ideas, for example, 一个孩子 for 独生子女
  • using print and online dictionaries to expand their own linguistic repertoire and convey subtle meanings when creating own texts, understanding the risks of word-for-word translation

  VCZHC072 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCCCL022

  Explain how Australia’s legal system aims to provide justice, including through the rule of law, presumption of innocence, burden of proof, right to a fair trial and right to legal representation

  Elaborations

  • discussing the role of the Magna Carta in establishing the principle of a fair trial
  • discussing the elements of a 'fair trial', including citizens' roles as witnesses and jurors
  • exploring how Australians can receive access to justice and legal representation, such as through legal aid
  • discussing the meaning and importance of the rule of law, presumption of innocence, and burden of proof

  VCCCL022 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 7 and 8 | Laws and Citizens

• VCEALA330

  Enhance own spoken texts with appropriate non-verbal strategies

  Elaborations

  • modifying own intonation, volume and stress according to context and purpose, such as shouting a warning, or talking softly in group or play activities
  • using purposeful non-verbal strategies to support meaning and engage listeners, such as eye contact, facial expression, gesture, posture

  VCEALA330 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA225

  Use home language to express ideas

  Elaborations

  • writing in home language script or transliterating the sound of a home language word in Roman letters when the English word is unknown
  • asking language peers to explain the meaning of a home language word when asked by the teacher, for example by pointing, drawing or using known language

  VCEALA225 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA720

  Revise text and proofread for accuracy of expression

  Elaborations

  • evaluating own and peers’ writing with reference to model texts and editing checklists
  • using different strategies to read for different purposes when revising, for example reading aloud to check meaning, reading a sentence backwards to check spelling
  • addressing a range of aspects of accuracy, such as grammatical accuracy, spelling, punctuation

  VCEALA720 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA767

  Compare connotations of synonyms and antonyms in English and home language, referring to a dictionary or thesaurus in each language

  Elaborations

  • using a bilingual dictionary, thesaurus or online tool to search for synonyms and antonyms for a known word in one language
  • crosschecking meaning in home language and English to confirm accurate choice of vocabulary
  • contributing to class word lists with vocabulary found using dictionaries and other resources

  VCEALA767 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Reading and Viewing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA684

  Clarify in home language to check understanding

  Elaborations

  • seeking clarification from home language peers about new vocabulary and concepts
  • referring to home language or bilingual glossaries, dictionaries or online translation tools for explanation of new vocabulary and information
  • recording words and information in personal dictionaries or notes to indicate meaning, pronunciation and usage

  VCEALA684 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA640

  Show awareness of differences in text formats in English compared to home language

  Elaborations

  • comparing the purpose, structure and language used in related texts in English and home language, for example news reports about the same event
  • recognising different cultural ways of expressing meanings through text, for example differences in the structure of an argument or ways of presenting evidence

  VCEALA640 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Reading and Viewing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA383

  Share ideas and feedback in home language

  Elaborations

  • formulating questions in home language or English to ask peers or teacher about the meaning of unfamiliar words
  • planning a text collaboratively by discussing ideas, structure and language with same language peers before writing
  • explaining feedback using home language in peer-editing activities

  VCEALA383 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA329

  Participate appropriately in social and learning situations

  Elaborations

  • applying conventions of interaction, such as conversational formulas, turn-taking, affirming, suggesting, discussing
  • participating in interactions by listening actively, responding to others and contributing information and ideas
  • negotiating meaning through use of gestures, modified speech, simple questions and clarifications

  VCEALA329 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA304

  Employ a range of strategies to understand new or unknown words

  Elaborations

  • referring to written resources such as bilingual dictionaries, charts or own spelling lists
  • recording a vocabulary list that includes English, home language and other details such as an image or phonetic pronunciation
  • writing notes in home language about meaning and pronunciation when encountering new words in texts

  VCEALA304 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC570

  Read with understanding a range of simple texts based on predictable language structures and vocabulary

  Elaborations

  • reading a small range of familiar text types, such as simple recounts, narratives, procedures
  • applying subject knowledge and understanding of common or learnt vocabulary to understand the main meaning of a short text
  • sequencing information, summarising key points or representing information in a visual form

  VCEALC570 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Reading and Viewing | Communication

• VCEALC741

  Justify a point of view to peers with increasing confidence

  Elaborations

  • rebutting or clarifying an argument, for example ‘No, I mean we should keep the forests to slow down the global warming’
  • using a range of expressions to structure a point of view, including conjunctions (‘because’, ‘so’), subjective language (‘I believe’) and objective language (‘Evidence shows …’)

  VCEALC741 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC322

  Initiate and maintain short, structured social interactions with increasing fluency

  Elaborations

  • developing fluency in interactions with peers and familiar adults around personal and familiar topics such as introducing self
  • using simple conversation openers, turn-taking, leave-taking and social formulas such as ‘Excuse me’, ‘Can you please …?’, ‘Yes, thank you’
  • negotiating meaning through use of gestures, modified speech, simple questions and clarifications

  VCEALC322 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC545

  Negotiate transactions for different purposes

  Elaborations

  • engaging in transactions for a range or purposes, such as asking to borrow a book from the teacher, the library or a friend
  • using a small range of simple formulaic expressions to ask for repetition or rephrasing, such as ‘Please repeat’ and ‘What does it mean?’
  • using circumlocution (talking around a topic) when searching for the correct term

  VCEALC545 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALL475

  Create mood and feeling through the selection of appropriate vocabulary and idiom

  Elaborations

  • choosing vocabulary to express shades of meaning, for example choosing for effect ‘cloudy’, ‘gloomy’ or ‘bleak’
  • understanding differences between specialised and colloquial language, for example ‘feline’, ‘cat’ and ‘moggy’
  • using some idioms learnt from reading and viewing, in creative or personal writing

  VCEALL475 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL564

  Use words from lexical sets related to communicative need, interest, experience or learning

  Elaborations

  • recalling and applying a range of words related to familiar topics, such as words related to family, school, colours, numbers, days, months
  • using common synonyms (such as ‘hot’ and ‘warm’) and antonyms (such as ‘fast’ and ‘slow’) to communicate a range of meanings
  • connecting a small number of words from a lexical set, for example ‘soccer’, ‘ball’, ‘team’, ‘match’

  VCEALL564 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL793

  Use an expanded vocabulary appropriate for the curriculum area

  Elaborations

  • incorporating sophisticated vocabulary appropriate for the curriculum area, such as subject-specific terms, antonyms, synonyms, abstract nouns
  • distinguishing between different meanings for words in different contexts, for example ‘psychological complex’, ‘complex issue’, ‘complex sentence’ and ‘residential complex’ convincing scientific evidence supporting this theory …’

  VCEALL793 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL606

  Use grapho-phonic knowledge to attempt to spell unknown words

  Elaborations

  • spelling frequently used words and one- and two-syllable words with common patterns with reasonable accuracy
  • using knowledge of letter–sound relationships and common letter groups to attempt to spell new words, for example, ‘ake’ for ‘ache’, ‘meen’ for ‘mean’, ‘wierd’ for ‘weird’
  • referring to classroom charts and personal vocabulary lists to check or confirm spelling

  VCEALL606 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features