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• VCNRU085

  Understand that language, culture and communication are interrelated and shaped by each other, and recognise how this influences attitudes and beliefs

  Elaborations

  • collecting examples of the language being studied in the local landscape, for example, in particular parts of the city such as market places, exhibitions or cultural events, and discussing the influence and significance of the language and culture in Australia today
  • recognising the importance of learning and using different languages in order to access the cultural practices, values and beliefs of others
  • analysing and describing how language use and culture are interrelated and reflect and shape relationships, practices and attitudes across communities who speak the language being studied

  VCNRU085 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCNRU115

  Develop knowledge of vocabulary and sentence structures to elaborate meaning

  Elaborations

  • extending understanding and use of present, past and future tenses
  • referring to the past, present and future using time indicators
  • expanding use of adjectives
  • developing knowledge of vocabulary relating to, for example, immediate environments, relationships, leisure, hobbies, shopping, travel

  VCNRU115 | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU047

  Develop knowledge of grammatical elements to construct and expand sentences

  Elaborations

  • describing present, past and future actions, situations and events using familiar verbs
  • using language to express preferences
  • using correct word order to ask questions and make requests
  • using numbers in different contexts, such as telling the time, stating dates, ordering/shopping, or in simple descriptions
  • expanding vocabulary base by using and recognising common everyday nouns

  VCNRU047 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU031

  Recognise the linguistic features and structures of different texts used in familiar contexts

  Elaborations

  • identifying the main features of a short narrative, for example, a song, rhyme or poem, a simple description or procedure, for example, a recipe, or a conversation
  • noticing the differences between texts within the same mode, for example, a birthday card and an email, and between multimodal texts, for example, reading the lyrics of a song, and hearing it being sung, or reading a dialogue and acting it out
  • recognising how different textual elements combine to make meaning, for example, how the images, font, script and layout of different texts combine to create a whole advertisement, web-page, or picture book

  VCNRU031 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU102

  Identify connections between language, culture and communication, recognising how communication styles and practices vary across cultures and how intercultural exchange involves the exchange of meaning as well as words

  Elaborations

  • investigating own personal and community practices to identify connections with the target language and culture, for example, in cooking, sport, music, dance or technology
  • discussing elements of culture and their significance in reflecting values, attitudes and traditions
  • discussing, questioning and explaining understanding of own and other cultures, and considering how attitudes towards diversity and difference affect communication
  • examining culturally specific terms developing appropriate explanations for them and discussing equivalent terms in other languages

  VCNRU102 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCNRU064

  Apply knowledge of grammatical features and construct compound and complex sentences

  Elaborations

  • using a range of tenses and voices to describe routines and actions
  • using a range of regular and irregular verbs to develop sentence structures
  • creating compound and complex sentences

  VCNRU064 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU119

  Explain how meanings may vary according to cultural assumptions and perspectives that people bring to interactions and experiences, recognising that such variations impact on intercultural communication

  Elaborations

  • examining existing generalisations relating to different cultures, such as in the classroom or local community, and discussing the variability of reality
  • reflecting on the impact of own values and cultural practices on intercultural experiences, and understanding the importance of mutual and self-respect
  • considering how the experience of learning a new language has impacted on awareness of own communicative behaviours and how these may be interpreted by others
  • appreciating that language use can reflect and express cultural identity, that many languages exist in Australia and in countries where the language is spoken and that many people are bilingual or multilingual and value this as part of their identity

  VCNRU119 | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCNRU101

  Understand that the language being studied continues both to influence and change through interaction with other languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • understanding that the language is a language of a particular country and is also spoken in language-speaking communities
  • exploring and discussing the influence of the language on English using strategies to work out meanings of unknown words, and considering why word borrowing occurs across languages
  • recognising loan words from English that are used in the language and other words used in the language that have been borrowed from other languages and discussing why these words have been borrowed

  VCNRU101 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRU012

  Recognise and reproduce the sounds and letters of the alphabet of the language being studied, identifying how they are represented in words

  Elaborations

  • building phonic awareness by pronouncing and writing the target-language alphabet letters with familiar sounds, and building to more unfamiliar sounds
  • experimenting with sounds, rhythms, intonation and stress
  • noticing the number of letters in the alphabet of the language being studied
  • locating and highlighting specific alphabet letters from the language being studied
  • developing pronunciation and intonation skills by singing, reciting and repeating alphabet names in context, for example, songs
  • focusing on those letters that are different from letters in the English alphabet

  VCNRU012 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU081

  Understand and apply grammatical structures recognising that they serve particular functions and that grammatical choices shape meaning

  Elaborations

  • choosing appropriate terms to describe events across time (present, past and future) and choosing appropriate tense
  • using a range of adverbs and adjectives to modify and intensify meaning
  • using cohesive devices such as conjunctions to link, clarify and sequence ideas and modify meaning in written and spoken texts
  • seeking information using a range of questions
  • continuing to build a metalanguage to describe grammatical concepts and develop learning resources for example, verb charts, vocabulary lists, groups of pronouns, adverbs or adjectives

  VCNRU081 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU067

  Recognise that the language being studied has evolved, that changes have occurred through the ages, and consider factors that have influenced this change

  Elaborations

  • understanding that there may be different forms of the written language being studied, used in different contexts dating from the ancient world to today
  • recognising that meanings of particular words and expressions can originate from earlier times

  VCNRU067 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRU116

  Compare and contrast the structure and linguistic features of different types of text, developing understanding of the relationship between context, purpose and audience, and identifying culturally specific elements

  Elaborations

  • applying knowledge of the interrelationship between context, purpose and audience to identify text type and predict the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary and expressions
  • identifying how grammatical choices, words and images combine in a text to achieve particular intentions and effects
  • comparing target language and English versions of familiar texts such as recipes and horoscopes, commenting on similarities and differences in text structure and cultural elements
  • interpreting and explaining textual conventions when using technology and social media

  VCNRU116 | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU048

  Identify and use language features of different types of oral and written texts recognising that linguistic choices depend on audience and purpose

  Elaborations

  • identifying the purpose, context and audience of a range of familiar texts, for example, fairytales, sports reports, recipes
  • reading, viewing and listening to different texts with a common topic, for example, comparing a print, TV and internet announcement for the same event
  • describing key features of different types of text and discussing audience and purpose, for example, a shopping list serves as a reminder to self and consists of items and quantities, whereas a shopping transaction involves interaction and negotiation

  VCNRU048 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU034

  Identify vocabulary, behaviours and expressions which reflect cultural values, beliefs and traditions to make connections between cultural practices and language use

  Elaborations

  • examining aspects of the authentic culture of the target language speakers
  • understanding concepts and values as expressed, for example, during festivals, birthdays and special occasions
  • recognising and explaining to others the significance of some cultural practices and events

  VCNRU034 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCNRU032

  Understand that the context and purpose of interactions influence language choices

  Elaborations

  • recognising the differences between formal and informal language in social interactions
  • examining culturally appropriate phrases for different purposes
  • recognising how the purpose of interaction, for example, command or invitation, can change the emphasis on words

  VCNRU032 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRU030

  Recognise and use elements of the language's grammar, such as word order, gender and singular/plural forms, to describe people, objects or events

  Elaborations

  • beginning to describe and explain features of the target language using metalanguage
  • creating simple sentences
  • experimenting with compound sentences
  • recognising the differences or similarities in word order in simple sentences
  • expressing negation in simple sentences
  • expanding number knowledge up to 100

  VCNRU030 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU015

  Recognise that the greetings and forms of address in the language being studied may vary according to such things as the time of day, age, gender and relationship of participants

  Elaborations

  • using appropriate form of address or greeting with peers when speaking to adults and appropriate greeting depending on the time of day
  • recognising that there can be different forms of address for the same person, for example, mum, mother

  VCNRU015 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRU066

  Understand how language use varies according to context, purpose, audience and mode of delivery, and how language choices, such as shifting from a formal style to informal style, may signal changes in social settings

  Elaborations

  • identifying linguistic features used in different types of text, for example, different greetings and levels of formality expressed in conversations, speeches, emails and electronic text messages
  • identifying differences in language, register and style in a range of contexts, for example, in songs, graffiti and event invitations
  • understanding that different situations require different levels of politeness depending on the context and the speaker
  • recognising that there are linguistic choices to ensure appropriate interaction, for example, when giving directions

  VCNRU066 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRU084

  Reflect on the dynamic and ecological nature of language, and that all languages influence each other

  Elaborations

  • recognising how English may be modifying language use in particular spheres in the language being studied, for example, language used in the entertainment industry, films and television programs, or language used to express modern concepts, or language used to keep up with trends
  • recognising that language changes over time by, for example, viewing films in historical settings and those in contemporary settings and discussing the language used

  VCNRU084 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRU118

  Understand how the language being studied has evolved, and how it continues to change over time due to processes such as globalisation, migration, and the influence of technology and popular culture

  Elaborations

  • exploring how the language has been influenced by migration
  • examining how technology has influenced the language being studied
  • discussing how changes to the language reflect changes in some cultural practices and attitudes
  • exploring the impact of globalisation on the language, such as the increased use of English words

  VCNRU118 | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change